• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2003

Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic agent because of its vasodilator actions. Nowadays it is mostly used to treat patients with severe cardiomyopathy or coronary artery disease complicated by disturbances in the supraventricular or ventricular rhythm. But, some doctors are reluctant to prescribe it because of its many side effects. These include impairment of liver and thyroid fuction and, rarely, damage to the lungs. Most of all, its most serious side effect is amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity, which can occur in up to 10% of patients, with mortality rates as high as 50%. We recently experienced one case of the patient with the Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. The clinical manifestations of the patient was cough, painful breathing, fever, presence of rales, decreased breath sounds, and sputum. We report the change of the patient's symptoms through both western medical treatment and oriental medical treatment.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2016

This study was conducted to develop a dummy in an environment similar to the human body, to prepare a standard for evaluation and to present the process of the production in order to evaluate the performance of the robot that can detect the persons needing rescue in a confined space, who are difficult for fire-fighting officials to rescue in case of fire and disaster. As a result, a standard for evaluation was developed and standardized into four parts 'Normal,' 'Risk Stage 1,' 'Risk Stage 2' and 'Risk Stage 3'based on the number of breath cycles, carbon dioxide concentration, core temperature and criteria for hearing to recognize the voice. In addition, in order to produce a dummy, fever, breathing capacity and voice output function were compared and analyzed. This study has significance that it built up basic data of the method of producing the actual dummy, by presenting characteristics and controlling methods using the waterproof insulation heating coil for the function, solenoid valve for the consecutive output of breathing capacity and USB program sound board for voice output.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between wearing masks and subjective symptoms of halitosis in the COVID-19 situation. The survey was conducted from June 15 to July 31, 2022, among university students aged 19 years or older in Daegu and Gyeongbuk, 1. Subjective symptoms of halitosis were found to be higher in males and students being treated for periodontal diseases. 2. The subjective symptoms of halitosis were found to be higher in subjects with psychological anxiety, even though they did not have halitosis. 3. As a result of examining the subjective symptoms of halitosis, it was found that there were more subjects who were aware of halitosis while wearing a mask than those who were not. In view of the above results, it is thought that because of prolonged wearing of masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation, the difficulty faced in oral health management increases the symptoms of halitosis. Therefore, it is considered that oral health education in the era of corona should be accompanied by proper wearing of masks and halitosis management education.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Respiratory face masks are protective facepieces that are designed to filter inhaled air. They are easy-to-use devices that can protect the wearer against various hazardous particles in the air. Respiratory face masks also prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria-containing droplets that are released from the coughing or sneezing of the infected people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, various types of face masks have circulated on the market. Their ability to filter sub-micron particles, which are the sizes of harmful particulate matter and airborne viruses, needs to be investigated. Their breathability, the easiness of breath through the mask, also needs to be considered. In this study, wwe evaluated the performance of filters used for different types of face masks certified by different standards including Korean (KF94, KF80, KF-AD), USA (N95), and Chinese (KN95) standards. We also tested the filters of nanofiber masks and surgical masks for which there are no standards for filtration test. The N95 mask filters showed the highest quality factor for capturing virus-sized particles. The other types of mask filters have acceptable performance except for nanofiber mask filters whose performance is very low.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2024

Background: In recent years, medical thoracoscopy has been well established to play an important role in undiagnosed pleural effusion; however, this procedure is underutilized due to limited availability of the instruments it requires. This study analysed the outcome of single port rigid thoracoscopy in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions. Methods: This study retrospectively analysed the outcomes of all patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion presenting to our centre between 2016 to 2020 who underwent single port rigid medical thoracoscopy as a diagnostic procedure. Results: In total, 92 patients underwent single port rigid medical thoracoscopy. The most common presenting symptom was shortness of breath. A majority of the patients had lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion. The average biopsy sample size was 18 mm, and no major complication was reported in any of the patients. Conclusion: Single port rigid thoracoscopy is a safe and well-tolerated procedure that yields a biopsy of a larger size with high diagnostic yield. Moreover, the low cost of the instruments required by this procedure makes it particularly suited for use in developing countries.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권5호통권112호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2005

This landscape design proposal was presented for a competition for mixed-use development project by project financing in Asan Baebang which was held by the Korea National Housing Corporation in July of 2005. The site is a center of Asan Baebang New Town Development District and has a commercial area of $57,929m^{2}$. Design guidelines and judging criteria of this competition were to build a symbolic center and cultural core for district, to elevate positive image and identity of Asan New Town by attractive place making, to link with separated block in the site and regional context, and to make environmentally sustainable design by creating an attractive waterfront of Jang Jae stream passing through the site. This is the most important condition for the design. Therefore, the authors developed design concept and strategy within the guidelines and this conditions. The schema of the design was introduced by the water in the site. To evolve design concept, we reinterpreted water and context in the site combining with landscape design strategy. So the proposal set the main design concept as 'all that is solid melt into water' as if Marshall Berman said. By doing that, design concept of the proposal evolved as follows: 'extension' of water and greer, 'a joint' of space,'newness' of experience, 'breath' of consensus with each other. The spatial concept of this project was developed by expressing five theme spaces; eco zone, entertainment zone, art zone, culture zone, leisure zone. These theme spaces were consecutively placed along the pedestrian path and to consists of vertical layer in each level and diverse design technique and spatial effects are used.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2001

Objective: To identify and evaluate the lateral border zone by comparing the size and distribution of the abnormal signal area demonstrated by MR imaging with the infarct area revealed by pathological examination in a reperfused myocardial infarction cat model. Materials and Methods: In eight cats, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes, and this was followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion. ECG-triggered breath-hold turbo spin-echo T2-weighted MR images were initially obtained along the short axis of the heart before the administration of contrast media. After the injection of Gadomer-17 and Gadophrin-2, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images were obtained for three hours. The size of the abnormal signal area seen on each image was compared with that of the infarct area after TTC staining. To assess ultrastructural changes in the myocardium at the infarct area, lateral border zone and normal myocardium, electron microscopic examination was performed. Results: The high signal area seen on T2-weighted images and the enhanced area seen on Gadomer-17-enhanced T1WI were larger than the enhanced area on Gadophrin-2-enhanced T1WI and the infarct area revealed by TTC staining; the difference was expressed as a percentage of the size of the total left ventricle mass (T2= 39.2 %; Gadomer-17 =37.25 % vs Gadophrin-2 = 29.6 %; TTC staining = 28.2 %; p < 0.05). The ultrastructural changes seen at the lateral border zone were compatible with reversible myocardial damage. Conclusion: In a reperfused myocardial infarction cat model, the presence and size of the lateral border zone can be determined by means of Gadomer-17- and Gadophrin-2-enhanced MR imaging.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2011

Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common sleep disordered breathing conditions. Habitual snoring is caused by a vibration of soft tissue of upper airway while breath in sleeping, and obstructive sleep apnea is caused by the repeated obstructions of airflow for a sleeping, specially airflow of pharynx. Researchers have shown that snoring is the most important symptom connected with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome The treatment is directed toward improving the air flow by various surgical and nonsurgical methods. The current surgical procedures used are uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP), orthognathic surgery, nasal cavity surgery. Among the nonsurgical methods there are nasal continuous positive air pressure(CPAP), pharmacologic therapy. weight loss in obese patient, oral appliance(sleep splint). Sleep splint brings the mandible forward in order to increase upper airway volume and prevents total upper airway collapse during sleep. However, the precise mechanism of action is not yet completely understood, especially aerodynamic factor. The aim of this study evaluated the effect of conservative treatment of snoring and OSAS by sleep splint through measured aerodynamic change by an aerophone II. We measured a airflow, sound pressure level, duration, mean power from overall airflow by aerophone II mask. The results indicated that on a positive correlation between a decrease in maximum airflow rate and a decrease in maximum sound pressure level, on a negative correlation between a decrease in maximum airflow rate and a increase in duration.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2011

Going underwater is supposed to begin with the history of human beings. At first it was confined to relatively shallow level, less than several meters by holding breath. Recently, deep level diving has been necessary for such purpose as construction, maritime salvage, military operations, research and sports by using SCUBA(self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) equipment. As one goes down into water, the pressure on the diver is increased due to water pressure with depth, usually 1 atm for each 10 m water level. In deep water, mixed gas or nitrox(EAN, enriched air nitrox) could be applied for the divers lest they should get disease due to high pressure. Of these, the former is usually composed of oxygen and inert gas like helium or hydrogen, the latter contains higher oxygen content than that in normal air in which the oxygen concentration is designated by the character "EAN" followed by vol. % of oxygen, for example, "EAN 40" contains 40% of oxygen. In this case, a victim was found at the 39 m below the sea surface breathing air and nitrox in cylinder wrongly marked as EAN 36, which was analyzed to contain 63% of oxygen by GC/TCD. The cause of death could not be exactly related with the oxygen content in the nitrox cylinder, because the accurate depth for the victim to dive was not known, even though the victim was just found at the depth of 39 m. However, the wrongly marked nitrox could be believed to be the main cause of the death at the depth unless there happened any other accident except that during diving.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.881-886
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the related factors to dental fear in some adults. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 320 adults in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from April to June, 2013. Except 14 incomplete answers, data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 program. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(7 questions), dental fear related factor(18 questions), distrust for dentist(15 questions), and distrust for dental hygienist(11 questions). The instrument for dental treatment fear was Dental fear Survey(DFS) adapted from Kleinknecht and partly modified by Choi. Out of 20 questions, 18 questions were reconstructed and score by Likert 5 scale. Higher score means higher dental fear. Cronbach alpha was 0.959 in the study. The distrust for dentist and dental hygienist was adapted from Choi and reconstructed and score by Likert 5 scale. Higher score means higher distrust for dentist and dental hygienist. Cronbach alpha was 0.937 in distrust for dentist and 0.874 in distrust for dental hygienist in the study. Results: Those who experienced dental pain tended to have dental fear. The reasons for dental fear were as follows; bad breath(2.96 out of 5 points, hereafter represented as of 2.96/5), dental caries(2.88/5), missing teeth(2.87/5) and tooth pain(2.77/5). The distrust for the dentist was the main dental fear in the adults. Conclusions: The dental fear was closely related to gender, experience of dental pain, oral symptoms and distrust for the dentist. As the psychological pain in the patients was mainly influenced by the trustful atmosphere, it is necessary to make the patient easy before treatment.