• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2015

본 연구는 기존의 Mammogram와 Tomosynthesis를 비교하여 진단적 가치를 평가하고 피검자의 유선선량을 비교하여 Tomosynthesis의 활용에 대해서 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 2015년 1월 한 달 동안 본원을 내원한 환자 62명을 대상으로 선행 검사를 시행한 후 어떤 병변이 있을 때 추가적으로 Tomosynthesis를 시행하였는지 분석하였다. 유방촬영용 ACR phantom을 이용하였으며 자동 노출이 되도록 설정된 상태에서 촬영한 kVp와 mAs를 기준으로 하여 kVp는 고정하고 mAs를 단계적으로 변화를 주어 유선선량을 분석하였다. 그 결과 Tomosynthesis가 유방 병변 구별에 우수하였으며 2D Mammogram과 비교할 때 확연한 대조도 차이를 보였다. 또한 두 검사의 평균유선선량에서는 Mammogram(1.15 mGy)보다 Tomosynthesis(1.48 mGy)가 0.33 mGy정도 높았으나 추가검사의 불필요함으로 인해 장기적으로는 피폭선량이 감소하는 효과를 보였다. 그러므로 Tomosynthesis는 유방의 진단적 가치를 높임과 동시에 피폭선량을 줄일 수 있는 검사이며 향후 유방질환의 검사에 적합하게 적용되고 응용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5855-5860
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• 2013

Phytochemicals are among the natural chemopreventive agents with most potential for delaying, blocking or reversing the initiation and promotional events of carcinogenesis. They therefore offer cancer treatment strategies to reduce cancer related death. One such promising chemopreventive agent which has attracted considerable attention is sulforaphane (SFN), which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-microbial properties. The present study was undertaken to assess effect of SFN alone and in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine, on the proliferative potential of MCF-7 cells by cell viability assay and authenticated the results by nuclear morphological examination. Further we analyzed the modulation of expression of Bcl-2 and COX-2 on treatment of these cells with SFN by RT-PCR. SFN showed cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner via an apoptotic mode of cell death. In addition, a combinational treatment of SFN and gemcitabine on MCF-7 cells resulted in growth inhibition in a synergistic manner with a combination index (CI)<1. Notably, SFN was found to significantly downregulate the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, and COX-2, a gene involved in inflammation, in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that SFN induces apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects on MCF-7 cells via downregulation of Bcl-2 and COX-2 respectively. The combination of SFN and gemcitabine may potentiate the efficacy of gemcitabine and minimize the toxicity to normal cells. Taken together, SFN may be a potent anti-cancer agent for breast cancer treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup3호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2016

Breast and cervical cancers are among leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Regular screening is very important for early detection of these cancers, but studies indicate low rates of screening participation. In this survey we studied the rate of screening participation among women 18-64 years old referred to urban health centers in Kerman, Iran in 2015. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 240 women who were selected using a multistage sampling method. Data collected using a questionnaire covered demographics and questions about common cancer screening status in women. Analysis was by SPSS 19. The mean age of participants was $31.7{\pm}7$. Most (97.1%) were married, housewives (83.3%), had high school diploma (43.8%) and a monthly income more than ten million Rls. The frequency of the Pap test performance was higher in women who were employed and with a university degree (p<0.05). The frequency of mammography performance in women over 40 years was also higher in women with university degree (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of pelvic examination, and self and clinical breast examinations based on education, household income and employment (p>0.05). Our study found that the rate of screening participation among women is low. Investigation of the barriers, increasing the awareness of women about the importance and advantages of screening and also more incentives for health personnel especially family physicians to pay more attention to preventive programs could be effective.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

Whole Spine Scanography (WSS) using the Digital Radiography (DR) system is an examination that requires whole body X-ray exposure, which involves more exposure to radiation for patients than other general radiographies. This can affect the occurrence of breast cancer. This research measured radiation dose when breasts were shield and not shield using the Auto Exposure Control (AEC) mode. The radiation dose without a shield was 1.540 mGy, and that using a collimator was measured 0.506 mGy. Moreover, 0.733 mGy was measured when 1 shield (0.3 mm) was used, and $0.523{\mu}Gy$ when 5 of them (1.5 mm) were used. The results showed that the radiation dose with 5 shields and the radiation dose with a collimator were similar. Moreover, 0.233 mGy was measured when 8 shields (2.4 mm) were used. The standard deviation were 0.081 when using collimator and 0.014 when 5 shields were used. Also, when 8 shields were used, it was found to be 0.002. Most patients who go under a scoliosis test are children or young people who are highly sensitive to radiation. In the research results, the case where the organs sensitive to radiation, women's breasts, were shielded showed more distinct differences compared to without shields. It is considered that using shields can provide more constant shield than using a collimator and lower the risk of breast cancer caused by exposure to radiation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2501-2504
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• 2014

Background: Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative which is frequently used alone or in combination regimens for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Although overall and progression free survivals have increased in recent years with the use of new generation drugs, predictive factors that would further improve the outcomes are needed. Previous studies have demonstrated the relation between post-treatment increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and predicting therapy response as well as survival. The present study investigated the clinical impact of MCV elevation in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with capecitabine. Materials and Methods: The data of a total of 82 patients from three centers followed between June 2005 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic data and hormone receptor status of the patients, as well as initial examination before and after treatment and data concerning progression were recorded. MCV ${\geq}100$ fl was considered as macrocytosis. Capecitabine was given at a dose of $2500mg/m^2$ daily for 14 days every three weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment MCV and other parameters of complete blood count were recorded. Post-treatment initial evaluation was performed after 2 cycles of therapy. Results: The median age of the patients was 46.5 years (range 26-72 years) and 54% were premenopausal. Performance status was ECOG 0 and 1 in 81 (99%) patients. The median number of cycles for capecitabine therapy was 5 (min-max: 2-18). The median ${\Delta}MCV$ level (post-treatment values at sixth week - baseline) was 6.4. Whilst ${\Delta}MCV$ was ${\geq}6.4$ in 42 patients, it was <6.4 in 40 patients. Clinical benefit (complete response+partial response+stable disease) was observed in 37 (88%) of 42 patients with a median ${\Delta}MCV$ ${\geq}6.4$ and in 30 (75%) of 40 patients with ${\Delta}MCV$ <6.4 with no statistically significant difference (p=0.158). No significant difference was determined between the group with ${\Delta}MCV$ ${\geq}6.4$ and the group with ${\Delta}MCV$ <6.4 in terms of progression-free survival (11 vs 12 months) (p=0.55) and overall survival (20 months vs. 24 months) (p=0.11). Conclusions: The identification of new predictive markers in metastatic breast cancer is very important. In some recent studies, increase in MCV has been suggested as a marker in tumor response. In the present study, however, no significant difference was determined between tumor response and increase in MCV. Further studies including higher numbers of patients are needed to determine whether increase in MCV is a predictive marker or not.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

유방촬영술은 유방암의 조기진단과 기본적인 스크리닝 검사의 진단방법으로서 디지털유방영상시스템의 보급과 유방촬영에 대한 관심이 점점 증가하고 있다. 유방영상의 화질은 타깃물질과 필터의 조합에 의해 결정되며, 이러한 조합은 X선 스펙트럼도 변화되지만 화질과 환자의 피폭선량에도 큰 영향을 주기 때문에 환자의 유선밀도와 두께에 따른 적합한 조합의 선택이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 디지털유방영상시스템에서 정량적인 영상평가와 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 이용한 환자의 피폭선량을 저감시킬 수 있는 타깃과 필터 조합을 제시하고자 한다. 그 결과 MTF, NPS, DQE의 영상평가에서 압박 유방의 두께가 얇은 경우는 Mo/Mo또는 Mo/Rh 조합, 두꺼운 경우에는 Rh/Rh또는 W/Rh조합의 영상이 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 임상에서 얇은 두께의 유방에 잘 사용하지 않는 W/Rh조합이 공간해상력 평가 결과에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 선량평가에서 압박 유방두께가 얇은 경우 Mo/Mo또는 Mo/Rh조합, 압박 유방두께 6cm 이상의 경우 Rh/Rh또는 W/Rh조합에서 피폭선량이 감소하였다. 두 번째 장기선량 평가에서는 검사 유방 외에 반대 유방의 선량이 검사 유방을 기준으로 약 47~73% 정도의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 다양한 유방 두께에 따른 최적의 타깃과 필터 조합을 선택하는 것이 환자 피폭선량 감소에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.644-651
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• 2013

Although there has been a significant increase in breast-feeding (BF) rate in Korea, it is plateaued since 2008 and still low compared with that of other countries. Because BF has been related to lower obesity prevalence in many studies and the increase in childhood obesity became evident in Korea, we wondered if a relatively lower BF rate has anything to do with this increase. Therefore, we looked into the relationship between mode & duration of BF during infancy and weight status of toddlers using the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 through 2011. Number of 2-3 year old toddlers with complete information on BF, anthropometry and normal birth weight was 674. While 87% of them were ever-breastfed, 6.2% each of them were either obese or overweight based on the Standard Growth Chart for Korean Children. Not only the obesity prevalence was different among groups of different mode of feeding, but also the mean duration of BF was significantly longer in normal weight group (9.2 mo.) compared with obese group (5.5 mo.). Accordingly, overweight and obesity prevalence of the toddlers breast-fed for 12 months or longer was significantly lower than that of the toddlers breast-fed for less than 12 months (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.87). This study revealed that both BF and duration of BF affect the childhood obesity and, BF for 12 months or longer should be encouraged more aggressively as one of the main strategies to prevent and/or decrease childhood obesity in Korea.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2021

유방 보존술 중 절제면 동결절편검사는 빠른 시간 내에 암세포의 유무를 판단하고 환자의 수술 범위 및 예후에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 그러나 유방조직의 특성상 많은 지방조직으로 구성되어 있고, 지방조직의 양에 따라 유방조직 동결절편검사의 정확도에 많은 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유방 보존술에서 시행하는 절제면 동결절편검사에 새로운 방법을 적용하여 기존의 동결절편검사와 비교 분석하였다. 동결절편블록의 표면을 알코올로 닦아내면 지방조직이 순간적으로 용해되면서 실질조직이 표면으로 노출될 것이라 예상하였다. 실제로 총 98례 중 기존의 동결절편검사보다 개선된 동결절편검사에서 더 높은 실질조직 비율을 얻는 경우는 37례였다. 또한 개선된 동결절편검사에서 더 높은 실질조직 비율을 얻은 37례 중 이전의 동결절편검사에서는 음성으로 진단되었으나, 개선된 동결절편검사와 영구표본조직 슬라이드에서 관상피내암으로 진단이 나온 경우는 2례였다. 비록 turn around time (TAT) 등의 한계점이 존재하지만, 본 연구 결과의 적용에 대한 논의를 계속한다면 동결절편검사 시 조직학적 병리검사의 진단 정확성을 재고할 것이라고 사료되며, 환자 안전에도 직접적인 영향을 미칠 것이라고 판단된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to find the best protocol for balance of image quality and dose in brain CT scan. Images were acquired using dual-source CT and AAPM water phantom, noise and dose were measured, and effective dose was calculated using computer simulation program ALARA(S/W). In order to determine the ratio of image quality and dose by each protocol, FOM (figure of merits) equation with normalized DLP was presented and the result was calculated. judged that the ratio of image quality and dose was excellent when the FOM maximized. Experimental results showed that protocol No. 21(120 kVp, 10 mm, 1.5 pitch) was the best, the organ with the highest effective dose was the brain(33.61 mGy). Among organs with high radiosensitivity, the thyroid gland was 0.78 mGy and breast 0.05 mGy. In conclusion, the optimal parameters and the organ dose in the protocol were also presented from the experiment, It may be helpful to clinicians who want to know the protocol about the optimum state of image quality and dose.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

본 연구는 유방촬영술을 시행할 때 유방인접조직의 생체내선량 측정을 통해 방호복 착용의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위해 유방검진을 받는 일반 여성 중 연구의 목적과 방법을 정확히 이해하고 동의한 환자 30명을 대상으로 유방촬영시 유리선량계를 이용하여 측정을 실시 하였다. 유리선량계의 교정값을 구하기 위하여 팬텀(ACR phantom)을 이용하여 촬영 변수중 각각 관전압과 관전류의 중간값(27 kVp, 120 mAs)고정 시 mAs와 kVp를 변화시켜 장치에서 계산된 선량을 얻어 유리선량계 소자의 교정값을 구하였다. 측정 그룹은 방호복을 착용하지 않는 A 그룹과 착용하지 않은 B 그룹으로 나누었다. 생체내 선량측정 특성상 동일한 환자를 대상으로 반복 촬영을 할 수 없음으로 A 그룹은 좌 우 유방촬영에 따라 인접 정상조직의 선량이 차이가 없을 보고자 하였다. B 그룹은 한쪽 유방은 방호복으로 차폐를 하고 다른 쪽 유방은 방호복으로 차폐를 하지 않음으로 그 차이를 보고자 하였다. 인접 정상조직 측정에는 갑상선, 검사반대측 유방, 하복부로 각각의 부위에 유리선량계를 위치시켜 측정하였다. 실험 결과 유방촬영 시 입사표면선량은 A그룹의 경우, 왼쪽유방 상하방향 검사 시 갑상선은 0.0692 mGy, 오른쪽 유방은 0.6790 mGy, 하복부의 선량은 0.0122 mGy로 나타났고, 오른쪽 상하방향 검사 시에는 각각 0.0607 mGy, 0.4062 mGy 그리고 0.0166 mGy로 측정되었다. B그룹의 입사표면선량은 왼쪽유방 상하방향 검사 시 갑상선, 오른쪽 유방, 하복부의 선량이 각각 0.0922 mGy, 0.8575 mGy, 0.0150 mGy로 나타났다. 방호복을 착용한 오른쪽 상하방향 검사는 갑상선이 0.0158 mGy, 왼쪽유방은 0.0286 mGy, 하복부가 0.0173 mGy의 선량을 보여 갑상선과 유방의 선량이 대폭 감소되었고 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 모니터의 유선선량을 관찰해 보면 A, B그룹 모두 권고값인 3 mGy 이하의 선량값을 보였다. 본 연구 결과 유방촬영시 환자의 결정장기가 받는 표면선량은 모두 기준치 이하의 선량을 보였으나 방호복 착용에 따른 선량 저감 효과를 볼 수 있어 방호복의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다.