• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.285-293
• /
• 2011

Purpose: In this study, the effects of laughter therapy on levels of depression, quality of life, resilience and immune responses in breast cancer survivors were examined. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=37) included breast cancer survivors who finished chemotheraphy and radiation therapy: 16 in the experiment group and 21 in the control group. Data were collected from August to November 2009. The experimental group participated in laughter therapy eight times, twice a week for 60 min per session. Questionnaires were used to me-asure pretest and posttest levels of depression, quality of life and resilience. A blood test was used to analyze changes in Total T cell, T helper, T suppressor, Th/Ts ratio, Total B cell, T cell/B cell ratio and NK cell for immune responses. Results: The results showed that laughter therapy was effective in increasing the quality of life and resilience in breast cancer survivors. but depression and immune responses did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that laughter therapy may be an effective nursing intervention to improve quality of life and resilience in breast cancer survivors.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.155-165
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to understand the hand-on breast massage techniques used by well-known experts in breastfeeding clinics. Methods: A qualitative multiple-case design was applied that involved a feasibility test. Four experts sampling qualitative data collected by observing participants and in individual interviews were analyzed by content analysis, linking data to the propositions, and cross-case pattern matching. This study explored differences within and between cases, and the possibilities of replicating findings across cases. Thirty-nine postpartum women participated voluntarily in the feasibility test, which investigated the usability of four massage techniques. Results: The four techniques showed considerable similarities in terms of the application of stimulation to the breast base and increased flexibility of the wired flexible body, which was the core mechanism underlying the techniques. The breast management strategies were consistent with existing practice guidelines with the exception of using cold cabbage to control engorgement pain. There was insufficient scientific evidence for supporting the massage techniques used by the experts. All of the techniques showed 100% education completeness, but application rates were higher for self-control-oriented techniques. Conclusion: The massage techniques applied by experts in breastfeeding were based on hypotheses and self-control techniques are feasible to apply in practice.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.357-366
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to examine the incidence of lymphedema and to compare to physiological and psychosocial symptoms between breast cancer patients with lymphedema and without lymphedema. Method: Four hundreds fifty women with breast cancer receiving mastectomy were recruited from two out-patient breast clinics of A and S university hospitals in Seoul, Korea from October, 2004 to May, 2005. Lymphedema was defined by circumferential measurement. Differences greater than 2cm between the affected arm and normal arm were considered to be lymphedema. A descriptive design was used for this study and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test. Results: Lymphedema developed in 112(24.9%) of the 450 subjects. Subjects with lymphedema reported more severe sensation change of arm and more depression and confusion than subjects without lymphedema. Range of motion of shoulder as a physical indicator and social support, however, were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Lymphedema is recognized as an unpleasant and uncomfortable consequence of breast cancer-related treatment. Therefore, more research is needed to evaluate the impact of lymphedema on quality of life in patients with lymphedema and the efficacy of nursing intervention.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.378-387
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of fatigue and distress on self-efficacy among breast cancer survivors and to provide a base for development of nursing intervention strategy to improve self-efficacy. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. The subjects were 158 patients who were either being treated or were receiving follow-up care at a university breast center in D City from May 30 to August 30, 2014. Structured questionnaires, Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Distress Thermometer, and Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer were used to measure fatigue, distress, and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regressions. Results: The mean scores of fatigue, distress, and self-efficacy were 3.83, 4.31, and 3.77, respectively. There were significant differences among participants in terms of educational background, current treatment methods, perceived health status, economic burden for fatigue and perceived health status for distress. Self-efficacy was impacted by age, educational background, marital status, average monthly income, perceived health status, and medical expenses. Fatigue, age, and the burden on medical expense had the most impact on self-efficacy, accounting for 17% of the variance. Conclusion: Fatigue should be managed to improve self-efficacy of breast cancer survivors. Therefore, nursing programs designed to decrease fatigue may be helpful.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.474-483
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To examine the details of lymphedema, upper limb morbidity, and its self management in women after breast cancer treatment. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey design, 81 women were recruited from a university hospital. Lymphedema was detected by a nurse as a 2-cm difference between arm circumferences at 6 different points on the arm. Degrees of pain, stiffness, and numbness were scored using a drawing of upper limb on a 0~10 point scale. Aggravating conditions and self-management for lymphedema were also recorded. Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.5 years; the average time since breast surgery was 29.7 months. Histories of modified radical mastectomy (55%) and lymph node dissection (81%) were noted. Lymphedema was found in 59% of women, then pain and stiffness were prevalent most at upper arm while numbness was apparentat fingers, and the symptom distress scores ranged 3.9~6.7. Women experienced aggravated arm swelling after routine housework with greatly varied duration. Self-management was conservative with a wide range of times for the relief of symptoms. Conclusion: Lymphedema education for women with breast cancer should be incorporated into the oncologic nursing care system to prevent its occurrence and arm morbidity. Risk reduction guidelines, individually tailored self-care strategies, and self-awareness for early detection need to be refined in clinical nursing practices.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 2023

Background: This report determines the effects of a neurofeedback program on patients with breast cancer through a study of psychogenic factors(distress, depression, anxiety). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study selected 28 patients with breast cancer and divided them into two groups: 14 subjects in the neurofeedback program group and 14 subjects in the exercise intervention program group. Both groups conducted one-and-hour training per session five times a week for a total of five weeks. The experimental group performed neurofeedback, and the control group performed a exercise intervention. The distress was measured using the distress management Test. Beck's Depression Inventory was used to measure depression. Beck's Anxiety Inventory was used to measure Anxiety Results: Both the experimental and control groups showed significant differences in distress, depression, and anxiety after the intervention (p<0.05) in the within-group comparisons. It was found that the experimental group showed more significant differences in distress, depression, and anxiety than the control group (p<0.05) when the two groups were compared. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study show that the neurofeedback program had a positive effect on distress, depression, and anxiety of life in patients with breast cancer. The study thereby proposes that the neurofeedback program should be applied as an intervention method for clinical use on patients with breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.5125-5135
• /
• 2015

Background: Total fat intake may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, and fish oil has been suggested as a protection factor to breast cancer. But the effect of vegetable oils is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association with high vegetable oils consumption and breast cancer risk, and evaluated their dose-response relationship. Design: We systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and CNKI updated to December 2014, and identified all observational studies providing quantitative estimates between breast cancer risk and different vegetable oils consumption. Fixed or random effect models were used to estimate summary odds ratios for the highest vs. lowest intake, and dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model and generalized least-squares trend (GLST) model. Results: Five prospective cohort studies and 11 retrospective case-control studies, involving 11,161 breast cancer events from more than 150,000 females, met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the lowest vegetable oils consumption, higher intake didn't increased the risk of breast cancer with pooled OR of 0.88 (95% CIs:0.77-1.01), and the result from dose-response analyses didn't show a significant positive or negative trend on the breast cancer risk for each 10g vegetable oil/day increment (OR=0.98, 95% CIs: 0.95-1.01). In the subgroup analyses, the oils might impact on females with different strata of BMI. Higher olive oil intake showed a protective effect against breast cancer with OR of 0.74 (95% CIs: 0.60-0.92), which was not significant among the three cohort studies. Conclusions: This meta-analyses suggested that higher intake of vegetable oils is not associated with the higher risk of breast cancer. Olive oil might be a protective factor for the cancer occurrence among case-control studies and from the whole. Recall bias and imbalance in study location and vegetable oils subtypes shouldn't be ignored. More prospective cohort studies are required to confirm the interaction of the impact of vegetable oils on different population and various cancer characteristic, and further investigate the relationship between different subtype oils and breast cancer.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 2005

Nowadays breast reconstruction with autologous tissues after radical mastectomy is commonly performed, and a natural inframammary fold in the reconstructed breast is considered to be an essential aspect of symmetrical breast shape and location. Total of 104 patients underwent breast reconstruction with free TRAM flap and formation of inframammary fold with free TRAM breast reconstruction was done in 79 patients. No suture fixation for inframammary fold were done in 19 patients. 27 patients(24.0%) were made of inframammary fold with absorbable suture, 52 patients (50.0%) underwent inframammary fold creation with nonabsorbable suture. There were 4 cases(16.0%) of displacement of reconstructed breast and 2 cases(8.0%) of partial disruption of inframammary fold in the group of no suture. There were 2 cases(7.4%) of displacement of reconstructed breast and 3 cases(11.1%) of partial disruption of inframmamary fold in the fixed group with absorbable suture. There was only 1 case(1.9%) of partial disruption of inframammary fold fixed with nonabsorbable suture group. Therefore, we could speculate that the reinforcement of ligamentous structure for making the definite inframammary fold is necessary, and the area of the inframammary fold should not be undermined in immediate breast reconstruction as much as possible in order to preserve the zone of adherence. If the fold is disrupted during the mastectomy, it should be re-created with the non-absorbable sutures. Nonabsorbable suture fixation seemed to be more stable than absorbable suture. Preoperative marking and design are very important to make the symmetrical shape and location of inframammary fold in both of immediate and delayed reconstruction of breasts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.3939-3943
• /
• 2016

Background: According to recent statistics, the breast cancer rate is growing fast in developing countries. In North West of Iran, the incidence of breast cancer after esophageal and gastric cancers has the highest rate. Previous studies have also indicated that women in this region show reluctance to do breast cancer screening. There is a great need for change to promote breast cancer screening among women. Social marketing is a discipline that uses the systematic application of commercial marketing techniques to promote the adoption of behavior by the target audience. Materials and Methods: In the present qualitative study, thirty-two women with breast cancer were interviewed about their experiences of breast cancer screening. A semi-structured interview guide was designed to elicit information specific to the 4 P's in social marketing. Results: Three main categories emerged from the analysis: price, service and promotion. Subcategories related to these main categories included factors effective in increasing and decreasing cost of screening, current and desirable features of screening services, and weakness of promotion. Conclusions: Screening programs should be designed to be of low cost, to meet patients' needs and should be provided in suitable places. Furthermore, it is essential that the cultural beliefs of society be improved through education. It seems necessary to design an executive protocol for breast cancer screening at different levels of primary health care to increase the women's willingness to undergo screening.

• 종양간호연구
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study analyzed recent trends of instrument usage assessing cognitive function of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The researcher collected 64 studies outside the country that were published between January 1996 and August 2010. Results: There was no study on the instrument assessing all domains of cognitive function in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Most instruments assessing cognitive function of breast cancer patients have been used for patients with dementia, depression, and/or organic brain damage. Also the objective neuropsychological tests such as the grooved pegboard for the psychomotor area, RCFT copy in visuospatial skill area and the WAIS-III block design have low sensitivity for measuring cognitive function in breast cancer patients, thus they are not good for applying to breast cancer patients. Conclusion: There is a need to develop an instrument which has good sensitivity and specificity for measuring the cognitive function of the breast cancer patients who experienced cognitive impairment after chemotherapy treatment. In addition, the developed instrument needs to be accessible and feasible in any nursing clinical setting for the purpose of accurate assessment and evaluation of the cognitive function among breast cancer patients.