• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.287-295
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• 1983

Sprague Dawley pregnant rats were fed the hydrogenated coconut oil (P/S 0.02), corn-oil plus beef tallow (P/S 1.0), and corn-oil(P/S 4.0)diet during the 14 days of gestation and through lactation. At weaning, offsprings from each group were divided into two and corn- oil diet was switched to coconut and vice versa, while the other corresponding groups continud the same diet. Body, brain, and liver weights were measured on pups and the brains were analyzed for DNA and vitamin E. Serum and liver vitamin E levels were alse measured. Body weight of coconut group was significantly low throughout the 7 week period, but brain weight was significantly depressed before weaning. Liver weight showed similar pattern with the body weight. Serum vitamin levels increased before weaning, while tissue vitamin E increased after weaning. Serum vitamin E levels of switched groups were similar to that of P/S 1.0 group. Brain vitamin E levels per DNA of switched groups were also similar to that of P/S 1.0 group. And the effect of different dietary essential fatty acid levels on vitamin E in the brain during lactation found to be insignificant.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

Objective : Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and prolonged febrile seizures (pFS) are common neurologic problems that occur during childhood. However, there is insufficient evidence from experimental studies to conclude that pFS directly induces hippocampal injury. We studied cognitive function and histological changes in a rat model and investigated which among pFS, HIE, or a dual pathologic effect is most detrimental to the health of children. Methods : A rat model of HIE at postnatal day (PD) 7 and a pFS model at PD10 were used. Behavioral and cognitive functions were investigated by means of weekly open field tests from postnatal week (PW) 3 to PW7, and by daily testing with the Morris water maze test at PW8. Pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed in the control, pFS, HIE, and HIE+pFS groups at PW9. Results : The HIE priming group showed a seizure-prone state. The Morris water maze test revealed a decline in cognitive function in the HIE and HIE+pFS groups compared with the pFS and control groups. Additionally, the HIE and HIE+pFS groups showed significant hippocampal neuronal damage, astrogliosis, and volume loss, after maturation. The pFS alone induced minimal hippocampal neuronal damage without astrogliosis or volume loss. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that pFS alone causes no considerable memory or behavioral impairment, or cellular change. In contrast, HIE results in lasting memory impairment and neuronal damage, gliosis, and tissue loss. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the developing brain concerning conditions caused by HIE or pFS.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권8호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigated patterns of ischemic injury observed in brain images from patients with neonatal group B Streptococcal (GBS) meningitis. Methods: Clinical findings and brain images from eight term or near-term newborn infants with GBS meningitis were reviewed. Results: GBS meningitis was confirmed in all 8 infants via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and patients tested positive for GBS in both blood and CSF cultures. Six infants (75.0%) showed early onset manifestation of the disease (<7 days); the remaining 2 (25.0%) showed late onset manifestation. In 6 infants (75%), cranial ultrasonography showed focal or diffuse echogenicity, suggesting hypoxic-ischemic injury in the basal ganglia, cerebral hemispheres, and periventricular or subcortical white matter; these findings are compatible with meningitis. Findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compatible with bacterial meningitis, showing prominent leptomeningeal enhancement, a widening echogenic interhemisphere, and ventricular wall thickening in all infants. Restrictive ischemic lesions observed through diffusion-weighted imaging were evident in all eight infants. Patterns of ischemic injury as detected through MRI were subdivided into 3 groups: 3 infants (37.5%) predominantly showed multiple punctuate lesions in the basal ganglia, 2 infants (25.0%) showed focal or diffuse cerebral infarcts, and 3 infants (37.5%) predominantly showed focal subcortical or periventricular white matter lesions. Four infants (50%) showed significant developmental delay or cerebral palsy. Conclusion: Certain patterns of ischemic injury are commonly recognized in brain images from patients with neonatal GBS meningitis, and this ischemic complication may modify disease processes and contribute to poor neurologic outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of study was to evaluate the feasibility of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images of the rat obtained using a 1.5T MR machine in several blood-brain barrier (BBB) experiments. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. MR images were obtained using a clinical 1.5T MR machine. A microcatheter was introduced via the femoral artery to the carotid artery. Normal saline (group 1, n = 4), clotted autologous blood (group 2, n = 4), triolein emulsion (group 3, n = 4), and oleic acid emulsion (group 4, n = 4) were infused into the carotid artery through a microcatheter. Conventional and diffusion-weighted images, the apparent coefficient map, perfusion-weighted images, and contrast-enhanced MR images were obtained. Brain tissue was obtained and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed in group 2. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran images and endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) studies were performed in group 4. Results : The MR images in group 1 were of good quality. The MR images in group 2 revealed typical findings of acute cerebral infarction. Perfusion defects were noted on the perfusion-weighted images. The MR images in group 3 showed vasogenic edema and contrast enhancement, representing vascular damage. The rats in group 4 had vasogenic edema on the MR images and leakage of dextran on the FITC-labeled dextran image, representing increased vascular permeability. The immune reaction was decreased on the EBA study. Conclusion : Clinical 1.5T MR images using a rat depicted many informative results in the present study. These results can be used in further researches of the BBB using combined clinical MR machines and immunohistochemical examinations.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.85-85
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• 2001

Sam-Hwang-Sa-Shim-Tang(SHSST), a traditional Chinese medicine, composed of Rhei rhizoma, Scutellaria radix, and Coptidis rhizoma were used in the several disease including hypertension, constipation, and hemorrhage. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SHSST and its ingredients on the ischemia/ reperfusion-induced brain injury was evaluated in the rat brain. Ischemia was induced by intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 120 min and reperfusion was continued for 22 h. SHSST (450 mg/kg), Rhei rhii oma (100 mg/kg), Coptidis rhizoma (100 mg/kg), and Scutellaria radik (100 mg/kg) were orally administered twice, promptly prior to reperfusion and 2 h after the repefusion. Total infarction volume in the ipsilateral hemisphere of ischemia/ reperfusion rats was significantly lowed by the treatments of SHSST (39.2%) and Scutellaria radix (66.5%). However, Coptidis rhizoma did not show any significant effects on the total infarct volume. The inhibiting effect of Scutellaria radix on the total infarct volume was more potent than that of SHSST. In addition, Scutellaria radix significantly inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration in ischemic brain tissue. However, there was marked mismatch between total infarct volume and MPO activity in the Scutellaria radix-treated rats. Our findings suggest that Scutellaria radix as an ingredient of SHSST plays a protective role in ischemia-induced brain injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration. The effects of Rhei rhizoma on transient brain ischemia-induced neuronal injury are under study.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.287-297
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• 1984

The normal intracranial structures are relatively resistant to therapeutic radiation, but may react adversely in a variety of ways, and the damage to nerve tissue may be slow in making its appearance, and once damage has occured the patient recovers slowly and incompletly. Therefore, it is important to consider the possibility of either recurrent tumor or late adverse effect in any patient who has had radiotherapy. The determination o( rnorphological/pathological correlation is very important to the therapeutic radiologist who uses CT scans to define a treatment volume, as well as to the clinician who wishes to explain the patient's clinical state in terms of regress, progression, persistence, or recurrence of tumor or radiation-induced edema or necrosis, The authors are obtained as following results ; 1. The field size(whole CNS, large, intermediate, small field) was variable according to the location and extension of tumor and histopathologic diagnosis, and the tatal tumor dose was 4,000 to 6,000 rads except one of recurred case of 9,100 rads. The duration of follow up CT scan was from 3 months to 5 year 10 months. 2, The histopathologic diagnosis of 9cases were glioblastoma multiforme(3 cases), pineal tumor (3), oligodendroglioma (1), cystic astrocytoma (1), pituitary adenoma (1) and their adverse effects after radiation therapy were brain atrophy (4 cases) , radiation necrosis(2), tumor recurrence with or without calcification (2), radiation·induced infarction (1). 3. The recurrent symptoms after radiation therapy of brain tumor were not always the results of regrowth of neoplasm, but may represent late change of irradiated brain. 4. It must be need that we always consider the accurate treatment planning and proper treatment method to reduce undesirable late adverse effects in treatment of brain tumors.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate bioactivities of 50% Chitin - hydroxyapatite (Chitin-H) compound and 50% Chitosan - hydroxyapatite (Chitosan-H) compound in canine bone. Ten healthy mongrel dogs (1-5 years old, 1.7 - 6.9 kg) were used in this study. These compounds had been transplanted into bilateral femur separately, and then the changes of femur were observed through the examinations of hemato-biochemical profiles, radiology, and histological profiles for 42 days. After 3 weeks, expanded radiolucent changes were observed in both areas transplanted the compounds. After 6 weeks, the area transplanted the Chitin-H compound did not observe any changes of bony tissue, while the area inserted the Chitosan-H compound was observed changes of increasing bone formation. In histological examination, infiltrations of inflammatory cells and bone absorptions were observed at both transplanted sites. However an increasing of active osteogenesis was observed at the transplanted site with Chitosan-H compound. In conclusion, Chitosan-H compound had an function of active osteogenesis as compared with Chitin-H compound. From this study, it is indicated that Chitosan-H compound would be used in dogs with severe bone defect.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the FA value which can produce the best T2-weighted images by measuring the signal intensity and noise according to the FA value change in the brain image and the abdominal image of the mouse using micro-MRI. Brain imaging and abdominal imaging of BALB / C mice weighing 20g were performed using 4.7T (Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH) micro-MRI equipment, Turbo RARE-T2 (spin echo-T2) images were scanned at TR 3500 msec and TE 36 msec. The changes of the FA values were $60^{\circ}$, $80^{\circ}$, $100^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $140^{\circ}$, $160^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. We measured signal intensity according to FA values of ventricle and thalamus in brain imaging, The signal intensity of kidney and muscle around the kidney was measured in abdominal images. To obtain SNR and CNR, we measured the background signals of two different parts, not the tissue. In the brain (thalamus) image, the signal intensity of FA $100^{\circ}$ was 7,433 and SNR (6.49) was the highest. In the abdominal (kidney) image, the signal intensity was highest at 16,523 when FA was $120^{\circ}$, and the highest SNR was 8.54 when FA was $140^{\circ}$. The CNR value of the brain image was 1.38 at FA $60^{\circ}$ and gradually increased to 8.29 at FA $180^{\circ}$. The CNR value of the muscle adjacent to the kidney gradually increased from 2.36 when the FA value was $60^{\circ}$ and the highest value was 4,57 at the FA value $180^{\circ}$.

• 생체재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2018

Background: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are, due to their pluripotency, useful sources of cells for stem cell therapy and tissue regeneration. The phenotypes of hMSCs are strongly influenced by their microenvironment, in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), the composition and structure of which are important in regulating stem cell fate. In reciprocal manner, the properties of ECM are remodeled by the hMSCs, but the mechanism involved in ECM remodeling by hMSCs under topographical stimulus is unclear. In this study, we therefore examined the effect of nanotopography on the expression of ECM proteins by hMSCs by analyzing the quantity and structure of the ECM on a nanogrooved surface. Methods: To develop the nanoengineered, hMSC-derived ECM, we fabricated the nanogrooves on a coverglass using a UV-curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA). Then, hMSCs were cultivated on the nanogrooves, and the cells at the full confluency were decellularized. To analyze the effect of nanotopography on the hMSCs, the hMSCs were re-seeded on the nanoengineered, hMSC-derived ECM. Results: hMSCs cultured within the nano-engineered hMSC-derived ECM sheet showed a different pattern of expression of ECM proteins from those cultured on ECM-free, nanogrooved surface. Moreover, hMSCs on the nano-engineered ECM sheet had a shorter vinculin length and were less well-aligned than those on the other surface. In addition, the expression pattern of ECM-related genes by hMSCs on the nanoengineered ECM sheet was altered. Interestingly, the expression of genes for osteogenesis-related ECM proteins was downregulated, while that of genes for chondrogenesis-related ECM proteins was upregulated, on the nanoengineered ECM sheet. Conclusions: The nanoengineered ECM influenced the phenotypic features of hMSCs, and that hMSCs can remodel their ECM microenvironment in the presence of a nanostructured ECM to guide differentiation into a specific lineage.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.512-517
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• 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage which is caused by the impact of external mechanical forces. TBI can lead to the temporary or permanent impairment of physical and cognitive abilities, resulting in abnormal behavior. We recently observed that a single session of early exercise in animals with TBI improved their behavioral performance in the absence of other cognitive abnormalities. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of continuous exercise during the early stages of TBI in rats. We found that continuous low-intensity exercise in early-stage improves the locomotion recovery in the TBI of animal models; however, it does not significantly enhance short-term memory capabilities. Moreover, continuous early exercise not only reduces the protein expression of cerebral damage-related markers, such as Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), S100β, Protein Gene Products 9.5 (PGP9.5), and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), but it also decreases the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAX and cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, exercise training in animals with TBI decreases the microglia activation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as CCL20, IL-13, IL-1α, and IL-1β. These findings thus demonstrate that early exercise therapy for TBI may be an effective strategy in improving physiological function, and that serum protein levels are useful biomarkers for the predicition of the effectiveness of early exercise therapy.