• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.771-777
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• 2008

Chungpaesagan-tang which is used for treating patients of brain in cerebrovascular disease frequently from clinical doctor has not reported about the effect of neuronal aptosis caused of brain ischemia. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of Chungpaesagan-tang protecting neuronal cells from being damaged by brain ischemia through using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. We caused ischemic damage to organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by oxygen and glucose deprivation. And added Chungpaesagan-tang extract to cultures. thereafter we measured area percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-stained neuronal cell, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture media and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Area percentage of PI-stained neuronal cells and count of TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 and DG area of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Chungpaesagan-tang extract. LDH levels in culture media of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Chungpaesagan-tang extract. Within pertinent density level, Chungpaesagan-tang has cell protection effect that prevents brain ischemia damaging neuronal cells and apoptosis increasing.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2005

It is imperative to analyse brain injuries directly in real time, so as to find effective therapeutic compounds to protect brain injuries by stress. We established a system which could elucidate the real time $Ca^{2+}$ dynamics in an organotypic cultured hippocampal slice by the insults of artificial stress hormone, dexamethasone. The real time $Ca^{2+}$ dynamics could continuously be detected in cornus ammonis 3 (CA3) of the organotypic hippocampus for 8 hours under confocal microscopy. When dexamethasone concentration was increased, the $Ca^{2+}$ was also increased in a dose dependent manner at $1{\sim}100{\mu}M$ concentrations. Moreover, when the organotypic cultured hippocampal slice was treated with a glutamate receptor antagonist together with dexamethasone, the real time $Ca^{2+}$ dynamics were decreased. Furthermore, we confirmed by PI uptake study that glutamate receptor antagonist reduced the hippocampal tissue damage caused by dexamethasone treatment. Therefore, our new calcium ion dynamics system in organotypic cultured hippocampal slice after dexamethasone treatment could provide real time analysis method for investigation of brain injuries by stress.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) uses strong magnetic field to image the cross-section of human body and has excellent image quality with no risk of radiation exposure. Because of above-mentioned advantages, MRI has been widely used in clinical fields. However, the noise generated in MRI degrades the quality of medical images and has a negative effect on quick and accurate diagnosis. In particular, examining a object with a detailed structure such as brain, image quality degradation becomes a problem for diagnosis. Therefore, in this study, we acquired T2 weighted 3D data of multiple sclerosis disease using BrainWeb simulation program, and used quantitative evaluation factors to find appropriate slice thickness among 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm. Coefficient of variation and contrast to noise ratio were calculated to evaluate the noise level, and root mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio were used to evaluate the similarity with the reference image. As a result, the noise level decreased as the slice thickness increased, while the similarity decreased after 5 mm. In conclusion, as the slice thickness increases, the noise is reduced and the image quality is improved. However, since the edge signal is lost due to overlapped signal, it is considered that selecting appropriate slice thickness is necessary.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was designed to assess neuroprotective effects of herb medicine against Alzhheimer's disease related brain damage in organotypic hippocampal slice culture. Methods: We induced dementia related brain damage in organotypic hippocampal slices by $\beta$-amyloid. Those slices were treated with herb medicines - Hwangryeonhaedoktang, Sopungsoongiwon. Using by PI staining, the extents of cell death were assessed. After that, we selected the best effective one among those herb medicines and the major components of that medicine were studied to reveal neuroprotective effects and related proteins by using PI stating. Results: In PI staining, Sopungsoongiwon is the best effective herb medicine between Hwangryeonhaedoktang and Sopungsoongiwon. Notopterygii Rhizoma, Corni Fructus, Areca Catechu, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Plantaginis Semen is the best effective one among the components of Sopungsoongiwon. Conclusions: We suggested that purgative effect would be the best effetive medicine on dementia related brain damage between clearing heat and toxic materials.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2018

Amyloid brain positron emission tomography (PET) images are visually and subjectively analyzed by the physician with a lot of time and effort to determine the ${\beta}$-Amyloid ($A{\beta}$) deposition. We designed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that predicts the $A{\beta}$-positive and $A{\beta}$-negative status. We performed 18F-florbetaben (FBB) brain PET on controls and patients (n=176) with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We classified brain PET images visually as per the on the brain amyloid plaque load score. We designed the visual geometry group (VGG16) model for the visual assessment of slice-based samples. To evaluate only the gray matter and not the white matter, gray matter masking (GMM) was applied to the slice-based standard samples. All the performance metrics were higher with GMM than without GMM (accuracy 92.39 vs. 89.60, sensitivity 87.93 vs. 85.76, and specificity 98.94 vs. 95.32). For the patient-based standard, all the performance metrics were almost the same (accuracy 89.78 vs. 89.21), lower (sensitivity 93.97 vs. 99.14), and higher (specificity 81.67 vs. 70.00). The area under curve with the VGG16 model that observed the gray matter region only was slightly higher than the model that observed the whole brain for both slice-based and patient-based decision processes. Amyloid brain PET images can be appropriately analyzed using the CNN model for predicting the $A{\beta}$-positive and $A{\beta}$-negative status.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.76-77
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• 2011

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2011

본 논문은 자기공명 뇌영상을 대상으로 뇌종양 영역을 자동으로 분할하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 정상적인 뇌영상은 좌우로 대칭인 특징을 지니는 반면에 종양이 존재하는 뇌영상은 종양세포와 부종 및 괴사로 인해 비대칭적인 특징을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 대칭성을 뇌영상내에 종양영역의 존재 유무를 판별할 수 있는 기준으로 이용한다. 대칭성 분석을 위해서 뇌영역의 윤곽선 정보를 이용해 중심축을 생성하였으며 이는 사전정보를 이용하지 않고 영상의 자체 정보만을 해석해서 중심축을 추출할 수 있다는 점에서 기존의 영상 정합을 통해 해부학적 위치 정보를 추출하고 이를 이용하여 중심축을 찾는 방법과 구별된다. 자기공명 영상에서 정상뇌의 조직은 크게 3가지 클러스터로 분할되며 각 클러스터가 포함하는 영역은 백질과 회백질영역을 포함하는 뇌 실질영역, 뇌척수액(csf)영역, 두개골, 지방 및 뇌막 영역 등으로 나뉜다. 종양이 포함된 영상은 종양과 부종 및 괴사 영역이 추가적으로 존재하며 이는 클러스터링을 이용한 분할을 통해서 구분될 수 있다. 분할된 종양 영역의 중심점은 다음 슬라이스의 종양 영역의 경계를 검출하기 위한 레벨셋 알고리즘에 적용되어 전체 볼륨의 종양 영역의 경계선을 추출하기 위한 초기 시드로 이용된다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 볼륨의 영상(슬라이스)중에서 종양 영역이 존재하는 슬라이스의 종양 영역을 분할하여 이후의 슬라이스에서는 분할작업을 수행하지 않고 영역의 경계선만 추출한다. 자카드 지수와 처리 시간의 비교 분석을 통해 기존의 방법과 비슷한 성능과 빠른 속도로 종양 영역을 분할할 수 있다는 것을 보인다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2005

New methods to register multiple hemispheric slices of the postmortem brain to anatomically corresponding in-vivo MRI slices within a 3D volumetric MRI are presented. Gel-embedding and fiducial markers are used to reduce geometrical distortions in the postmortem brain volume. The registration algorithm relies on a recursive extraction of warped MRI slices from the reference MRI volume using a modified non-linear polynomial transformation until matching slices are found. Eight different voxel similarity measures are tested to get the best co-registration cost and the results show that combination of two different similarity measures shows the best performance. After validating the implementation and approach through simulation studies, the presented methods are applied to real data. The results demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the presented co­registration methods, thus providing a means of MR signal analysis and histological examination of tissue lesions via co­registered images of postmortem brain slices and their corresponding MRI sections. With this approach, it is possible to investigate the pathology of a disease through both routinely acquired MRls and postmortem brain slices, thus improving the understanding of the pathological substrates and their progression.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2008

Objectives : We can find out the experimental reports of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang, which has the function of regulating blood pressure related with cerebral disease, and increasing local cerebral blood stream volume, also has the recoveries for the damage of vessel endothelium, and endothelium hypertrophy caused by angiospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and reduces the contraction of smooth muscle, so simultaneously improves necrosis. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang protecting neuronal cells from being damaged by brain ischemia through using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : We caused ischemic damage to organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by oxygen and glucose deprivation, and Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract was added to cultures. Thereafter we measured area percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-stained neuronal cell, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture media and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Results : Area percentage of PI-stained neuronal cells and count of TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 and DG area of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract. LDH levels in culture media of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract. Conclusions : Within pertinent density level, Yanggyuksanhwa-tang has cell protection effect that prevents brain ischemia damaging neuronal cells and apoptosis increasing.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2019

현재 최신 장비의 두부 CT검사에서 파라메타의 변화와 선량변화에 대한 연구가 부족하고 특히 노이즈, 균일도 해석 및 선량변화에 대한 연구가 부족하다고 생각된다. 따라서 높은 사양 두부 CT 사용 시 노출 파라메타 중 관전압, 슬라이스 두께, 피치변화에 대해 분석하여 이때 발생하는 현상에 대해서 연구하고자 하였다. 실험을 통해서 균일도는 고관전압과 두꺼운 슬라이스 선택 및 최저 피치를 사용할 때 균일도가 좋음을 알 수 있었다. 모두 조합한 결과 균일도가 가장 조건은 140 kVp, 10 mm, pitch 0.5로 나타났다. 노이즈는 관전압과 슬라이스 두께를 높이면 피치에 관계없이 개선되는 것을 알 수 있었고, 선량은 관전압과 피치의 증가에 따라 선형적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 고 사양의 두부 CT 사용에서 참고자료가 될 것이다.