• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.143-158
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• 2011

Objectives : Peripheral nerve injuries are commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in severe functional deficits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of Achyranthes japonica(AJ) on functional recovery in sciatic nerve after crushed sciatic nerve injury. Methods : In the present study, the animals in the AJ-treated groups received the aqueous extract of AJ at the respective doses orally for 13 consecutive days. In order to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of AJ on function recovery in crushed sciatic nerve injury, sciatic functional index(SFI) was performed. c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vIPAG), and neurofilament, and the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), nerve growth factor(NGF) following crushed sciatic nerve injury in rats were investigated. For this, immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed. Results : In the present study, crushed sciatic nerve injury showed characteristic gait changes showing decrease of SFI value and treatment with the aqueous extract of AJ significantly enhanced the SFI value. Neurofilament expression in the sciatic nerve was decreased by crushed sciatic nerve injury and treatment with the AJ increased neurofilament expression. The expressions of BDNF and NGF in the sciatic nerve were increased following crushed sciatic nerve injury and treatment with the AJ significantly controlled the sciatic nerve injury-induced increment of BDNF and NGF expressions. c-Fos expressions in the PVN and vIPAG were increased following crushed sciatic nerve injury and treatment with the AJ significantly suppressed the sciatic nerve injury-induced increment of c-Fos expressions. Conclusions : These results suggest that AJ treatment after crushed sciatic nerve injury is effective in the functional recovery by enhancing axonal regeneration and suppressing of pain.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-142
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• 2011

Objectives : Peripheral nerve injuries are commonly encountered clinical problems and often result in severe functional deficits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract on functional recovery and pain release in the sciatic nerve after crushed sciatic nerve injury in rats. Methods : 1. Sciatic functional index(SFI) were performed on functional recovery. 2. c-Fos immunohistochemistry were performed on c-Fos expressions in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vIPAG). 3. Neurofilament immunohistochemistry were performed on neurofilament regeneration. 4. Western blot were performed on brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF) expression. Results : 1. Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract significantly enhanced the SFI value in the sciatic nerve injury and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. 2. Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract significantly suppressed the sciatic nerve injury-induced increment of c-Fos expressions in the PVN and vIPAG in the sciatic nerve injury and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. 3. Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract significantly increased neurofilament expression in the sciatic nerve injury and 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. 4. Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract significantly controled the sciatic nerve injury-induced increment of BDNF and NGF expressions in the sciatic nerve injury and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) treatment after sciatic nerve injury is effective for the functional recovery by enhancing of axonal regeneration and suppressing of pain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate environmental enrichment and nerve stimulation follows in application times with the change of BDNF & Trk-B receptor in the motor cortex and spinal cord. Methods: Experimental groups were divided into the five groups. Group I: normal control group, Group II: experiment control group, Group III: sciatic never electrical stimulation after MCAO, Group IV: application of only environmental enrichment after MCAO, Group V: never electrical stimulation with environmental enrichment after MCAO. Histologic observation and coronal sections were processed individually in goat polyclonal antibody phosphorylated BDNF and rabbit polyclonal antibody Trk-B receptor. Results: In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF and Trk-B, group II were showed that lower response effect at postischemic 1 days, 3 days, and 7 days. Group V were showed that increase response effect at postischemic 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. Specially showed that the most response effect at postischemic 14 days. In neurobehavioral assessment, group V were significantly difference from other groups on between-subject effects. Conclusion: The above results suggest that combined environmental enrichment with peripheral nerve electrical stimulation in focal ischemic brain injury were more improved that the change of BDNF & Trk-B receptor expression than non treatment.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2014

Mushrooms are considered not only as food but also for source of physiologically beneficial medicines. The culinary-medicinal mushrooms may important role in the prevention of age-associated neurological dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus), is edible mushrooms, is a parasitic fungus that grows hanging off of logs and trees and well established candidate for brain and nerve health. H. erinaceus contains high amounts of antioxidants, beta-glucan, polysaccharides and a potent catalyst for brain tissue regeneration and helps to improve memory and cognitive functions. Its fruiting bodies and the fungal mycelia exhibit various pharmacological activities, including the enhancement of the immune system, antitumor, hypoglycemic and anti-aging properties. H. erinaceus stimulates the synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) which is the primary protein nutrient responsible for enhancing and repairing neurological disorders. Especially hericenones and erinacines isolated from its fruitin body stimulate NGF, synthesis. This fungus is also utilized to regulate blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. H. erinaceus can be considered as useful therapeutic agents in the management and/or treatment of neurodegeneration diseases. However, this review focuses on in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials for neurodegerative disease.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.948-954
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• 2010

운동은 신경의 생성, 적응, 보호 기능을 통해 뇌 기능 및 생성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 유산소운동은 뇌신경 성장인자(GH, IGF-1, estrogen, serotonin)를 변화시키는 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구는 여자 아동의 뇌기능 발달 및 뇌세포 생성 유도인자의 유산소운동 효과를 알아보고자 유산소운동 프로그램에 따른 뇌신경 성장인자(GH, IGF-1, estrogen, serotonin)의 변화를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 반복측정 분산분석에 의해 운동군과 대조군의 평균을 비교한 결과 유산소운동은 집단간 유의한 차이를 보이며 체중, BMI, 체지방량, 체지방률을 감소 시켰으며, 제지방률을 증가시켰다. 또한 뇌신경 성장인자인 serotonin을 감소시켰으며, GH와 IGF-1을 증가시켰다. 본 연구결과 유산소운동 프로그램이 아동의 체중, BMI, 체지방, 체지방률 감소와 제지방률 증가에 효과적이다. 또한 serotonin이 운동 후 감소된 결과를 볼 때 유산소운동 프로그램이 아동의 중추피로 감소에 효과적이며, GH, IGF-1의 운동 후 증가된 결과를 볼 때 유산소운동이 아동의 뇌기능 발달 및 뇌세포 생성 유도에 긍정적인 프로그램임을 알 수 있다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2020

Purpose : To provide data on exercise prescription for obesity management and prevention of cardiovascular disease in girl's high school and to prepare basic data for more effective exercise program for lifestyle improvement and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. This study examines the effects on brain nerve growth factor and inflammatory factors, and the relationship between obesity factor and brain neuron cell production factor and inflammatory factor changes by complex exercise. Methods : The subjects of the study were obese students with a body fat percentage of 30 % or higher after obtaining body fat percentage of high school girls in C-city. Among them, 20 students who wanted to participate in the program of this study and did not participate in special exercise and diet therapy within the last 6 months were radio-sampled into groups of exercise group and control group, but attendance rate was low and The final exercise group (9) and control group (9) were measured, except for one student who did not respond. Results : Analysis of the range of variation in body composition, BMI, lean body mass, and the interaction between the groups showed significant differences (p<.05). TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C as variables of blood lipids, TC and TG were not significantly different and TG was significantly different (p<.05) in interactions. HDL-C showed a significant difference (p<.01) in interactions, an increase in exercise group, and a significant decrease in control group (p<.05). There was a significant difference (p<.05) in BDNF interaction, an increase in the exercise group and a decrease in the control group, but no significant difference. NGF tended to increase in both exercise and control groups. IL-6 had a significant difference in timing (p<.05) and significantly decreased (p<.01) in the exercise group, and TNF-α interacted with timing (p<.05), and a significant increase in the control group. Conclusion : This study confirmed 12-week compound exercise program was effective in increasing the expression of basal fitness or CNS factor, but not enough to actually improve brain function. Fat mass and obesity are also affecting vascular inflammatory factors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.838-843
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• 2005

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a small secretory protein and a member of the nerve growth factor (NGF) gene family. We cloned the flounder BDNF gene from a flounder brain cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene showed an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 810 bp, corresponding to 269 amino acid residues. The tissue distribution of flounder BDNF was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in brain, embryo, and muscle tissues. To express fBDNF using a eukaryotic expression system, we constructed the vector mpCTV-BDNF containing the fBDNF gene and transformed this vector into Chlorella ellipsoidea. Stable integration of introduced DNA was confirmed by PCR analysis of genomic DNA, and mRNA expression in C. ellipsoidae was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2018

Objective : Notch receptors are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that regulate cell fate, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulated Notch pathway signaling has been observed in glioblastomas, as well as in other human malignancies. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for cell growth and differentiation in the nervous system. Recent reports suggest that NGF stimulates glioblastoma proliferation. However, the relationship between NGF and Notch1 in glioblastomas remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated expression of Notch1 in a glioblastoma cell line (U87-MG), and examined the relationship between NGF and Notch1 signaling. Methods : We evaluated expression of Notch1 in human glioblastomas and normal brain tissues by immunohistochemical staining. The effect of NGF on glioblastoma cell line (U87-MG) was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. To evaluate the relationship between NGF and Notch1 signaling, Notch1 and Hes1 expression were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. To confirm the effects of NGF on Notch1 signaling, Notch1 and Hes1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used. Results : In immunohistochemistry, Notch1 expression was higher in glioblastoma than in normal brain tissue. MTT assay showed that NGF stimulates U87-MG cells in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that Notch1 and Hes1 expression were increased by NGF in a dose-dependent manner. After transfection with Notch1 and Hes1 siRNAs, there was no significant difference between controls and 100 nM $NGF-{\beta}$, which means that U87-MG cell proliferation was suppressed by Notch1 and Hes1 siRNAs. Conclusion : These results indicate that NGF stimulates glioblastoma cell proliferation via Notch1 signaling through Hes 1.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.569-574
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• 2012

본 연구는 운동 트레이닝이 비만 어린이의 산화적 스트레스, 신경성장 및 간 세포성장 인자에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 12주간 유산소 운동을 실시한 후 트레이닝 전과 후의 농도 수준을 비교하였다. 연구결과, NGF와 BDNF는 트레이닝 전과 후 모두 OT군이 NT군 보다 낮았으며, NGF는 트레이닝에 따라 두 그룹 모두 증가되었다. HGF는 트레이닝 전 OT군이 NT군 보다 높게 나타났지만, 트레이닝 후 차이는 없었다. MDA, ox-LDL, 8-OHdG 모두 OT군이 NT군 보다 높은 수치를 나타냈고, 트레이닝에 따른 차이는 ox-LDL에서만 발견되었다. 이상의 결과, 비만은 성장기 어린이에게 산화적 스트레스를 유발하고, 신경과 간 성장인자의 분비 이상을 초래한다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 12주 유산소 운동은 이들 인자들의 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 주고 인지기능 향상에도 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 약학회지
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• 제24권3_4호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1980

The effect of ginseng saponin on chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia organ culture and brain, spinal cord, muscle dissociation cultures was studied. The fiber outgrowth in explanted chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia was markedly induced by water and alcohol extracts of ginseng, total ginseng saponin, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol glycosides as well as ginsenosides R/sub b1/, R/sub d/, R/sub 0/+R/sub a/+R/sub b1/, and R/sub b2/+R/sub c/+R/sub e/ mixtures. The life span of the cultured chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia and potentiation of nerve cell density were also observed with all of these ginseng saponins. The effect of ginseng saponin on chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia organ culture was more marked in the absence of the chick embryonic extract which was known to contain nerve growth factor-like material in the culture media. However, the ginseng saponin did not influence the cultured central nervous system such as brain and spinal cord cells and cultured skeletal muscle cells with respect to the morphological changes, maturation and life span of these cells.