• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.331-342
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• 2009

A reliability analysis of the fatigue failure of highway steel bridges was performed by applying the Miner's fatigue damage rule for the fatigue design truck proposed for the LRFD code and for the current DB 24 truck. The limit state function for fatigue failure is expressed as a function of various random variables that affect fatigue damage. Among these variables, the statistical parameters for the equivalent moment, the impact factor, and the loadometer were obtained by analyzing recently measured domestic traffic data, and the parameters for the fatigue strength, the girder distribution factor, and the headway factor were obtained from the measured data reported in literature. Based on the reliability analysis, the fatigue truck model for the LRFD code was proposed. After applying the proposed fatigue truck to the LRFD code, 16 composite plate and box girder bridges were designed based on the LRFD method, and the LRFD design results for the fatigue limit state were compared with those by the current KHBDC.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.288-301
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• 1995

Rates of the sedimentation and particle mixing have been estimated by applying uranium-series disequilibrium techniques to three sediment cores collected from the korea Deep Ocean Study (KODOS) site between the clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCFZ) of the Equatorial Pacific. Sedimentation rates based on the profiles of excess /SUP 230/Th activity and /SUP 230/ Th/SUB xs//SUP 232/ Th activity ratios at the southeastern part of the study area were estimated to be in the order of a few millimeters per thousand year, while at the northwestern part a factor of ten lower. Excess activities of /SUP 230/Th and /SUP 230/Th ratios showed intervals of constant values in the upper part of the sediment cores, probably generated by biological particle mixing. A "two-box" advection-diffusion steady state mixing model was employed in order to estimate particle mixing rates in the upper and the lower layers, based on the distribution profiles of excess /SUP 210/Pb activities. Particle mixing coefficients were estimated to be in the order of 10$^1$ cm$^2$/y in the upper layer and 10/SUP -1/-10/SUP 0/ cm$^2$/y in the lower layer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2007

A oxygen generating closed-circuit SCBA for escape from fire will be newly developed and then a program for estimating service time for it should be required. A SCBA made on an experimental basis consisted of five components such as half facepiece (mask), $KO_2$ box, oxygen reservoir, $CO_2$ remover and hood. The half mask had a good fitting performance since fit factors for 10 subjects were all above 100. It was found that height of subjects should be the best variable to estimate service time. Measured service time was inversely correlated with height of subjects. Service life time could be estimated by interpolation and extrapolation using inverse relationship between height and measured service time, for example, 28 minutes for male and female of 170 cm during resting, 10 minutes at the walk of 4 km/h and 5 minutes at the walk of 6 km/h considering safety margin of 20%. The study implies that program for estimating service time for the SCBA should require subject's height, speed of walk (4 km/h and 6 km/h) and fit testing. Considering safety margin, selecting younger subjects would be better. The study on the number of subjects and selecting facial dimensions should be more needed for the final program.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.107-118
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• 1999

To characterize the molecular nature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, we determined the full-length HIV-1 sequences from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a Korean long-term nonprogressor (LTNP). Without antiretroviral therapy, the individual has maintained CD4+ T counts over $500/{\mu}l$ from 1989 to 1999. Plasma viral RNA copy was 992 U/ml in 1998. Culture supernatant showed positive from culture days 9. A series of 9 overlapping PCR products were amplified from cultured PBMC and cloned About 9.2 kb from R of 5' LTR to R of 3' LTR was determined by automated sequencing. The G-to-A hypermutations were shown throughout the entire region. As a result of G to A hypermutations, premature stop codon was found in integrase coding region. Though there was no recombination between subtypes over all genomes, TATA box in both LTRs was TAAAA which is detected in subtype E instead of TATAA in subtype B. And, there were nucleotide GC insertion between $NF-{\kappa}B$ I and Sp1 III, and duplication of $TCF-1{\alpha}$ in LTR. We could not find any deletion of amino acid in Nef, Gag, Pol and Env gene. This study is the first report on molecular nature of full genomes of HIV-1 isolated in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

Eight cDNAs corresponding to fruit-specific genes were isolated from ripened melon through differential screening. Sequence comparison indicated that six of these cDNAs encoded proteins were previously characterized into aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase, abscisic acid, stress and ripening inducible (ASR) gene, RINC-H2 zinc finger protein, pyruvate decarboxylase, or polyubiquitin. RFS2 and RFS5 were the same clone encoding polyubiquitin. The other cDNAs showed no significant homology with known protein sequences. The ASR homologue (Asr1) gene was further characterized on the cDNA and genomic structure. The deduced amino acid sequence had similar characteristics to other plant ASR. The Asr1 genomic DNA consisted of 2 exons and 1 intron, which is similar to the structure of other plants ASR genes. The promoter region of the Asr1 gene contained several putative functional cis-elements such as an abscisic acid responsive element (ABRE), an ethylene responsive element (ERE), a C-box or DPBf-1 and 2, Myb binding sites, a low temperature responsive element (LTRE) and a metal responsive element (MRE). The findings imply that these elements may play important roles in the response to plant hormones and environmental stresses in the process of fruit development. The results of this study suggest that the expressions of fruit specific and ripening-related cDNAs are closely associated with the stress response.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of modified constraint-induced movement therapy(mCIMT) on upper function and activities of daily living in people with subacute stroke patients. METHODS: Eighteen participants, with subacute stroke that were randomly assigned to either the experimental group(n=9) or the control group(n=9). For subjects from the experimental group modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy was performed. exercise program, the patient trained in affected side upper extremity with restricted non-affected side for 1 hour and using in activity daily living for 4 hours for five times per week, during 4 weeks. For subjects from the control group, conventional upper extremity training was performed. Outcomes such as the box and block test(BBT), Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment(FMA), and modified Barthel index(MBI) were measured before and after training. Between-group and within-group comparisons were analyzed by using Independent t-test and Paired t-test respectively. RESULTS: These finding suggest that experimental group was significant increase in BBT, FMA, MBI(p<.05). In comparison of two group, experimental group was high upper function and activity daily living than control group. CONCLUSION: This study showed experimental group can be used to improve upper function and activity daily living than control group. Thus it indicates that mCIMT will be more improved through the continued upper extremity exercise program.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.1 s.45
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• pp.107-116
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• 1994

The United States adopted DRG based prospective payment system (PPS) in order to control the inflation of health care costs. No study used statistical test while many studies reported the cost containing effect of the PPS. To study impacts of the PPS on the Medicare expenditure, this study set the following three hypotheses (1) The PPS decelerated the increase in the hospital expenditure (Part A), (2) the PPS accelerated the increase in the expenditure of outpatients and physicians (Part B), (3) the increase in total expenditure was decelerated inspite of the spill over (substitution) effect because saving in the Part A expenditure were greater than losses in the Part B expenditure. The dependent variables are per capita hospital expenditure, per capita Part B expenditure, and per capita total expenditure for the Medicare beneficiaries. An intervention analysis, which added intervention effect to the time series variation on the Box-Jenkins model, was used. The observations included 120 months from 1978 to 1987. The results are as follows : (1) The annual increase in the per capita Part A expenditure was $5.11 after the implementation of DRG where as that before the PPS had been $11.1. The effect of the reduction ($5.99) was statistically significient (t=-3.9). (2) The spill over (substitution) effect existed because the annual increase in the per capita Part B expenditure was accelerated by $1.73 (t=1.91) after the implementation of the PPS. (3) The increase in the total Medicare expenditure per capita was reduced by $4.26 (t=-2.19) because the spill over effect was less than cost savings in the Part A expenditure.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.558-571
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• 1992

In this paper, we propose an improved method of state exploration called the extended circular exploration (ECE) for the efficiency of state exploration and the reduction of explosively growing state. The ECE does not need to explore all the reachable global states, and It can be applied to JV($\boxDr$$\geq$ 2) -party protocol with alternative routes, i.e., it is applicable to the protocol In which adaptiverouting mechanism can be performed. The ECE eliminates a restriction of topology of the conventional circular exploration(CE) by exploring only those global states which are reachable, provided that the participant processes of any group of transitions proceed at the same speed, and that they can be formed as a cycle. Thus the state space explored if not exhaustive. The algorithm presented can detect deadlock error and unspecified reception error It requires storage space and /or execution time much less than those of the conventional perturbation(CP) . It might be used for a solution of the N-process collision and the interference mechanism.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2004

In this study, real-time forecasting model(Neural Dam Inflow Forecasting Model; NDIFM) based on neural network to predict the dam inflow which is occurred by flood runoff is developed and applied to check its availability for the operation of multi-purpose reservoir Developed model Is applied to predict the flood Inflow on dam Nam-Gang in Nak-dong river basin where the rate of flood control dependent on reservoir operation is high. The input data for this model are average rainfall data composed of mean areal rainfall of upstream basin from dam location, observed inflow data, and predicted inflow data. As a result of the simulation for flood inflow forecasting, it is found that NDIFM-I is the best predictive model for real-time operation. In addition, the results of forecasting used on NDIFM-II and NDIFM-III are not bad and these models showed wide range of applicability for real-time forecasting. Consequently, if the quality of observed hydrological data is improved, it is expected that the neural network model which is black-box model can be utilized for real-time flood forecasting rather than conceptual models of which physical parameter is complex.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1207-1218
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• 2013

It is difficult to predict derailment with the existing derailment coefficient like Nadal's formula which is based on the contact forces between one wheel and rail. A new derailment coefficient model developed on a wheelset is able to make a better estimate about the climb derailment, slip derailment, roll over derailment, and mixed derailment types of these. Moreover, not only the mechanical factors considered in the existing derailment coefficients but also other various factors affecting derailment such as wheel unloading and loading, diameter of wheel, and locations of axle-box bearings can be covered with this new derailment coefficient model. That is, the derailment patterns which couldn't be solved with the existing formulas such as Nadal's and Weinstock's models can be analyzed with this wheelset derailment coefficient model because of considering various factors causing derailment. Finally, the validity of the new derailment coefficient model is verified using dynamic model simulations.