• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.408-412
• /
• 1998

곡선형 광도파로의 곡률반경이 작아짐에 따라 도파모드와 전파상수의 변화가 심화되므로 이종도파로 접합부에서의 모드 부정합이 손실을 유발하는 문제가 심각해졌다. 따라서, 곡률반경 변화에 따른 도파로의 모드 부정합을 극소화하기 위하여 이종 도파로간 lateral offset 이 제안되어 이의 계산이 여러 가지 방법으로 수행되어 왔는데, 본 논문에서는 유효 굴절률법(Effective index method)을 활용하고, Airy 함수로 주어지는 해석적 함수해의 분석을 통하여 곡률반경에 따른 전파모드의 특성변화와 lateral offset 거리의 변화를 분석하였다. 1/V=0.7인 특정조건을 경계로 모드분포의 특성이 바뀌며, 기존의 Gaussian 분석법에 의한 계산결과는 35%까지도 오차가 증대될 수 있음을 보였다. 새로이 오차보정상수(correction factor)η를 정의하여 기존 근사방식의 오차를 정량화하고, 간편히 도파로의 lateral offset을 설계 할 수 있도록 개선된 lateral offset 계산안을 제안하여 타당성을 보였다.

• 대기
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.637-656
• /
• 2021

The United States has been known as the world's major producer of crops such as wheat, corn, and soybeans. Therefore, using meteorological long-term forecast data to project reliable crop yields in the United States is important for planning domestic food policies. The current study is part of an effort to improve the seasonal predictability of regional-scale precipitation across the United States for estimating crop production in the country. For the purpose, a dynamic downscaling method using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is utilized. The WRF simulation covers the crop-growing period (March to October) during 2000-2020. The initial and lateral boundary conditions of WRF are derived from the Pusan National University Coupled General Circulation Model (PNU CGCM), a participant model of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center (APCC) Long-Term Multi-Model Ensemble Prediction System. For bias correction of downscaled daily precipitation, empirical quantile mapping (EQM) is applied. The downscaled data set without and with correction are called WRF_UC and WRF_C, respectively. In terms of mean precipitation, the EQM effectively reduces the wet biases over most of the United States and improves the spatial correlation coefficient with observation. The daily precipitation of WRF_C shows the better performance in terms of frequency and extreme precipitation intensity compared to WRF_UC. In addition, WRF_C shows a more reasonable performance in predicting drought frequency according to intensity than WRF_UC.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제60권4호
• /
• pp.266-277
• /
• 2023

In this study, fundamental research is conducted for the generation technique and analysis of multi-directional irregular waves in the Deep Ocean Engineering Basin (DOEB). A three-dimensional boundary element method-based numerical tank is implemented to perform wave generation simulations, and directional spectrum estimation is carried out using the results of simulations. The wave generation technique of the Snake type wave maker, generating multi-directional irregular waves, is implemented using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) algorithms. The wave generation technique is validated by comparing the wave spectrum from simulations and experiments. A Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) based estimation code is developed for estimating the directional wave spectra. The multi-directional irregular waves are tested in the DOEB and the numerical tank, and directional wave spectra obtained from two methodologies are estimated and compared. A correction procedure for the directional distribution of multi-directional waves is established, and the possibility of correcting the directional spreading function using the numerical tank is validated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.187-212
• /
• 2015

In this paper, various four variable refined plate theories are presented to analyze vibration of temperature-dependent functionally graded (FG) plates. By dividing the transverse displacement into bending and shear parts, the number of unknowns and governing equations for the present model is reduced, significantly facilitating engineering analysis. These theories account for parabolic, sinusoidal, hyperbolic, and exponential distributions of the transverse shear strains and satisfy the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. Power law material properties and linear steady-state thermal loads are assumed to be graded along the thickness. Uniform, linear, nonlinear and sinusoidal thermal conditions are imposed at the upper and lower surface for simply supported FG plates. Equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions for the free vibration analysis are obtained based on Fourier series that satisfy the boundary conditions (Navier's method). Non-dimensional results are compared for temperature-dependent and temperature-independent FG plates and validated with known results in the literature. Numerical investigation is conducted to show the effect of material composition, plate geometry, and temperature fields on the vibration characteristics. It can be concluded that the present theories are not only accurate but also simple in predicting the free vibration responses of temperature-dependent FG plates.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.269-282
• /
• 2018

In this paper, a new displacement field based on quasi-3D hybrid-type higher order shear deformation theory is developed to analyze the static and dynamic response of exponential (E), power-law (P) and sigmoïd (S) functionally graded beams. Novelty of this theory is that involve just three unknowns with including stretching effect, as opposed to four or even greater numbers in other shear and normal deformation theories. It also accounts for a parabolic distribution of the transverse shear stresses across the thickness, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions at beams surfaces without introducing a shear correction factor. The beam governing equations and boundary conditions are determined by employing the Hamilton's principle. Navier-type analytical solutions of bending and free vibration analysis are provided for simply supported beams subjected to uniform distribution loads. The effect of the sigmoid, exponent and power-law volume fraction, the thickness stretching and the material length scale parameter on the deflection, stresses and natural frequencies are discussed in tabular and graphical forms. The obtained results are compared with previously published results to verify the performance of this theory. It was clearly shown that this theory is not only accurate and efficient but almost comparable to other higher order shear deformation theories that contain more number of unknowns.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.294-301
• /
• 1989

상하부 2개의 노외계측기, 노입구관 온도 및 제어봉 위치 신호를 이용하여 상세한 축방향 출력분포를 계산할 수 있는 APDMS프로그램을 개발하였다. 상하부 2개의 노외계측기 신호가 제어봉 위치에 의하여 결정된 제어봉 간섭계수와 노입구관 온도에 따른 온도 간섭계수에 대하여 보정된 후 노심 주변출력을 얻기 위하여 보정된 노외계측기 신호에 shape annealing matrix가 적용되었다. 노심의 상하부 경계에서의 출력을 얻기 위해서는 평균 노심출력과 주변출력과의 선형적 관계를 이용한 노심 상하부의 평균출력에 경계점 출력보정계수가 적용되었다. 축방향 출력분포가 2개의 노외계측기에 의해 계산된 상하부 평균 노심출력, 상하부 경계면에서의 출력 및 미리 계산된 노심의 중심 위치에서의 출력을 이용하여 spline approximation에 의하여 계산되었다. 연소도, 출력준위, 제어봉 위치 및 axial offset의 변화에도 불구하고 고리 3호기 4주기에 대하여 BOXER 코드와 APDMS 프로그램에 의해 계산된 축방향 출력분포의 비교는 5% root mean square 오차내에서 일치함을 보여 주었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제65권4호
• /
• pp.453-464
• /
• 2018

In this paper, an efficient higher-order shear deformation theory is presented to analyze thermomechanical bending of temperature-dependent functionally graded (FG) plates resting on an elastic foundation. Further simplifying supposition are made to the conventional HSDT so that the number of unknowns is reduced, significantly facilitating engineering analysis. These theory account for hyperbolic distributions of the transverse shear strains and satisfy the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. Power law material properties and linear steady-state thermal loads are assumed to be graded along the thickness. Nonlinear thermal conditions are imposed at the upper and lower surface for simply supported FG plates. Equations of motion are derived from the principle of virtual displacements. Analytical solutions for the thermomechanical bending analysis are obtained based on Fourier series that satisfy the boundary conditions (Navier's method). Non-dimensional results are compared for temperature-dependent FG plates and validated with those of other shear deformation theories. Numerical investigation is conducted to show the effect of material composition, plate geometry, and temperature field on the thermomechanical bending characteristics. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the thermomechanical bending responses of temperature-dependent FG plates.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.159-175
• /
• 2015

2차원 QR 코드는 1차원 바코드의 데이터 용량 문제를 극복하였고, 방향성, 오류 정정, 데이터 복원력 등의 장점이 있다. 특히 2차원 바코드 인식에서 주요 이슈는 인식 속도와 정확성이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 바코드 영역을 검출하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안하며, 제안 방법은 영상 내 관심 영역의 위치를 검출하기 위해 모폴로지 기법을 기반으로 한다. 세부적인 연구내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 모폴로지 닫힘(close) 연산을 통해 입력 이미지에서 QR Code의 바코드 영역을 검출한다. 둘째, 경계선 검출을 통해 바코드 영역의 외곽선들을 검출한다. 셋째, 검출된 네 개의 외곽 교차점인 네 점을 추출한 후 역 투시변환을 통하여 2차원 바코드의 정사각형 모양으로 정규화 한다. 결과적으로 본 논문의 연구결과는 다양한 조명상태이나 영상에 강한 왜곡이 있는 경우에도 좋은 성능을 나타내며, 영역 검출율은 94.8%, 인식률은 92.3%로 기존연구들보다 안정된 바코드 검출 및 인식 성능을 보여주고 있다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.237-264
• /
• 2020

This article investigates the static behaviour of functionally graded (FG) plates sometimes declared as advanced composite plates by using a simple and accurate quasi-3D and 2D hyperbolic higher-order shear deformation theories. The properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness direction according to exponential law distribution (E-FGM). The kinematics of the present theories is modeled with an undetermined integral component and satisfies the free transverse shear stress conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate; therefore, it does not require the shear correction factor. The fundamental governing differential equations and boundary conditions of exponentially graded plates are derived by employing the static version of principle of virtual work. Analytical solutions for bending of EG plates subjected to sinusoidal distributed load are obtained for simply supported boundary conditions using Navier'is solution procedure developed in the double Fourier trigonometric series. The results for the displacements and stresses of geometrically different EG plates are presented and compared with 3D exact solution and with other quasi-3D and 2D higher-order shear deformation theories to verify the accuracy of the present theory.

• 지적과 국토정보
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2020

국토교통부는 2011년 자료정비 시범사업을 추진한 후 전국적으로 지적공부의 정확성 확보를 위하여 대장 누락, 도면과 대장간 지목불일치 등의 오류와 도곽·축척·행정구역간 경계 등에서 발생하는 오류정비를 추진하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 그동안 정부 및 지적소관청에서 추진한 지적도면 정비사업 추진현황 및 문제점을 살펴보았다. 지적·임야도 자료정비 사업의 활성화를 위해서는 현행 자료정비의 한계를 극복하기 위한 단계별 추진계획 및 추진체계 등 자료정비 기본계획을 재수립하여 시행, 지적도면 정비의 일관성 유지와 정확성을 확보하기 위한 「지적도·임야도 접합 정비요령」 같은 매뉴얼 작성, 지적도면 오류사항 정비에 필요한 사업 소요예산은 전부 국가 주도로 예산을 확보하는 방안을 제시하였다.