• Journal of Sinology and China Studies
• /
• v.79
• /
• pp.277-294
• /
• 2019

The development of language is inseparable from the development of social culture, and the social culture is dissolved in language. Chinglish is basically a broken English, which reflects Chinese native language usage habits. Thus, we can see this language in the development of Chinese society culture. In Chinese society, which can understand the creation and contents of Chinglish and it can be used as an associative tool. The appearance of Chinglish is an interesting linguistic phenomenon that includes vernacular, phonetics, vocabulary and sentences, etc., including such a notional concept as well as a transitive concept that varies according to the development process of society can do. In a situation where the world develops and the world interacts closely, Chinglish, a broken English language, is used by the Chinese government as a language policy because of the diffusion of normative English and the weakening of the language boundary due to the spread of the Internet. However complete disappearance of Chinglish is impossible due to the boundary between the mother tongue language and foreign language. It still exista and is commonly used within the social group that can understand its meaning. Besides since internet has its own platform characteristics, Chinglish also follow this rules and show unique features.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.293-303
• /
• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the direction or orientation of clay particle movement in argillic horizons (Bt) for clarifying the soil classification of soils. Soil samples were collected from 22 soil series containing Bt horizons. Physical and chemical characteristics and mineral and chemical compositions of clay in the soils were analyzed. Micoromorphological characteristics of the Bt horizons were also investigated with thin sections of the natural undisturbed and oriented soil samples. Average clay content in the Bt horizons was 28% and 1.33 times higher comparing to that in the surface layer. Soil pH was higher, but cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter content were lower in Bt horizon than those in the surface layer. There was an evidence of clay accumulation in Bt horizons of all soil series examined except Bangog series. Although there was an increase of clay content in the horizons in Bangog series, the clay was not originated from illuviation process. The translocation of clay was in the order of an 2:1 expandable clay minerals > 2:1 non-expandable clay minerals > 1:1 clay minerals. The illuvial substances in argillic horizon were composed with clay, amorphous iron and opaque mineral. The micoromorphological features of Bt horizon were void coating, channel infilling and grain coating. There was an apparent boundary between clay coating and the groundmass in residuum and colluvium, but Bt horizon of alluvium was composed of a skew plane amputated by the physical operation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.693-699
• /
• 2016

In this study, the replacement effects of cementitious materials (fly ash, blast furnace slag, and blended mixtures) were assessed for normal strength concrete with very low shrinkage properties under $350{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ strain using a powder type shrinkage reducing agent. In addition, through mock-up tests of actual size walls restrained with four sides, the shrinkage characteristics using the power type shrinkage reducing agent were measured and the crack reducing ability was assessed. The slump and air contents were measured as the properties of fresh concrete, and the length changes of the prismatic specimens, $100{\times}100{\times}400mm$ in size, were measured for the shrinkage characteristics. To reduce the shrinkage of concrete, the maximum replacing ratio of the fly ash is effective to 20 percent; however, the use of blast furnace slag and ternary mixtures did not reduce the shrinkage.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.137-152
• /
• 2004

The climatological characteristics of coastal zone over the southwestern coast of Korea peninsula were investigated using the data observed by AWS (automatic weather system) and 4 buoy points. Coastal zone is climatologically defined as the region bounded by the distinct contrast of temperature gradient and wind speed across coastline. In the southwest of peninsula four cross-lines consisted of AWS aligned with each buoy were selected as Geojedo buoy line, Geomundo buoy line, Chilbaldo buoy line and Dukjukdo buoy line. Analysis on the diurnal cycle and intra-month variation, monthly mean and maximum value, the temperature gradient with distance between buoy and each station and the accumulative frequency of wind speed were applied to find out the characteristics and the range of coast zone. The maximum ranges of coastal zone vary from offshore to Sanglim (about 34 km distance from coastline) for Geojedo buoy line, to Sunchun (about 52 km) for Geo-mundo buoy line, to Jaeundo (about 27 km) for chilbaldo buoy line and to Yongin (about 65 km) for Dukjukdo buoy line. The modification of coastal zone according to synoptic flow was investigated for the onshore, off-shore and calm cases. The ranges of coastal zone are significantly changed with the distance between 65∼90 km for the case of onshore. In addition, we tried to find out the variation of the wind and temperature and the wind ratio of wind speed at ocean to land stations along Geojedo buoy line during 12∼13 Sep. 2003 affected by typhoon (MAEMI).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.82-89
• /
• 2016

In this study, we proposed a pier of pontoon-type, "Very Large Floating Structure" (VLFS), with the length of 500m, breadth of 200 m and height of 2 m in Yeosu domestic port. Since this structure ought to endure wave loads for long periods at sea, it is essential to analyze the wave response characteristics. Direct-method is used to analyze the fluid-structure problem and the coupled motion of equation is used to obtain response results. The structural part is calculated by using finite element method (FEM) and the fluid part is analyzed by using boundary element method (BEM). Dynamic responses caused by the elastic deformation and rigid motion of structure are analyzed by numerical calculation. To investigate response characteristics of the pier in regular waves, several factors such as the wavelength, water depth, wave direction and flexural rigidity of structure are considered. As a result, wave response of pier changed at the point of $L/{\lambda}$ 1.5 and represented the torsional phenomenon according to the various incident waves. And the responses showed increasing tendency as the water depths increase at the incident point in case of $L/{\lambda}=8.0$ and peak point of vertical displacement amplitude moved from side to side as the flexural rigidity of structure changes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.409-422
• /
• 2019

In this study, we carried out the 3D numerical simulation to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of Synchronous Edge wave known as the driving mechanism of beach cusp using the Tool Box called the ihFoam that has its roots on the OpenFoam. As a wave driver, RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation) and mass conservation equation are used. In doing so, we materialized short-crested waves known as the prerequisite for the formation of Synchronous Edge waves by generating two obliquely colliding Cnoidal waves. Numerical results show that as can be expected, flow velocity along the cross section where waves are focused are simulated to be much faster than the one along the cross section where waves are diverged. It is also shown that along the cross section where waves are focused, up-rush is moving much faster than its associated back-wash, but a duration period of up-rush is shortened, which complies the typical characteristics of nonlinear waves. On the other hand, due to the water-merging effect triggered by the redirected flow toward wave-diverging area at the pinacle of run-up, along the cross section where waves are diverged, offshore-ward velocity is larger than shore-ward velocity at the vicinity of shore-line, while at the very middle of shoaling process, the asymmetry of flow velocity leaned toward the shore is noticeably weakened. Considering that these flow characteristics can be found without exception in Synchronous Edge waves, the numerical simulation can be regarded to be successfully implemented. In doing so, new insight about how the boundary layer streaming occur are also developed.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.110-118
• /
• 2018

Due to recent earthquakes, there is a growing awareness that Korea is not a safe zone for earthquakes any more. Therefore, the review of various aspects of the seismic safety of the infrastructures are being carried out. Because of the characteristics of the underground structure buried in the ground, the electric power utility tunnels must be considered not only for the inertia and load capacity of the structure itself but also the characteristics of the surrounding soils. An extensive and accurate numerical analysis is inevitably required in order to consider the interaction with the ground, but it is difficult to apply the soil-structure interaction analyses, which generally requires high cost and extensive time, to all electric power utility tunnel structures. In this study, the major design variables including soil characteristics are considered as independent variables, and the seismic safety factor, which is the result of the numerical analysis, is considered as a dependent variable. Thus, a method is proposed to select vulnerable electric power utility tunnels with low seismic safety factor while excluding costly and time-consuming numerical analyses through the direct correlation analysis between independent and dependent variables. Equations of boundary limits were derived based on the distribution of the seismic safety factor and the cover depth and rebar amounts with high correlation relationship. Consequently, a very efficient and simple approach is proposed to select vulnerable electric power utility tunnels without intensive numerical analyses. Among the 108 electric power utility tunnels that were investigated in this paper, 30% were screened as fragile structures, and it is confirmed that the screening method is valid by checking the safety factors of the fragile structure. The approach is relatively very simple to use and easy to expand, and can be conveniently applied to additional data to be obtained in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2013

By changing from ballasted track to concrete slab track, new type railroad subgrade is strongly required to satisfy strict regulations for displacement limitations of concrete slab track. In this study, sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the design characteristics of new type reinforced railroad subgrade, which could minimize residual settlement after track construction and maintain its function as a permanent railway roadbed under large cyclic load. With developed design program, the safety analysis (circular slip failure, overturning, and sliding) and the evaluation of internal forces developed in structural members (wall and reinforcement) were performed according to vertical installation spacing and stiffness of short and long geotextile reinforcement. Based on this study, we could evaluate the applicabilities of 0.4 H short geogrid length with 0.4 m vertical installation spacing of geotextile as reinforcement and what the ground conditions are for the reinforced railroad subgrade. And also, we could grasp design characteristics of the reinforced railroad subgrade, such as the importance of connecting structure between wall and reinforcement, boundary conditions allowing displacement at wall ends to minimize maximum bending moment of wall.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.433-450
• /
• 2020

The strong turbulence characteristic of typhoon not only will significantly change flow field characteristics surrounding the large-scale wind turbine and aerodynamic force distribution on surface, but also may cause morphological evolution of coast dune and thereby form sand storms. A 5MW horizontal-axis wind turbine in a wind power plant of southeastern coastal areas in China was chosen to investigate the distribution law of additional loads caused by wind-sand coupling movement of coast dune at landing of strong typhoons. Firstly, a mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mode was introduced in for high spatial resolution simulation of typhoon "Megi". Wind speed profile on the boundary layer of typhoon was gained through fitting based on nonlinear least squares and then it was integrated into the user-defined function (UDF) as an entry condition of small-scaled CFD numerical simulation. On this basis, a synchronous iterative modeling of wind field and sand particle combination was carried out by using a continuous phase and discrete phase. Influencing laws of typhoon and normal wind on moving characteristics of sand particles, equivalent pressure distribution mode of structural surface and characteristics of lift resistance coefficient were compared. Results demonstrated that: Compared with normal wind, mesoscale typhoon intensifies the 3D aerodynamic distribution mode on structural surface of wind turbine significantly. Different from wind loads, sand loads mainly impact on 30° ranges at two sides of the lower windward region on the tower. The ratio between sand loads and wind load reaches 3.937% and the maximum sand pressure coefficient is 0.09. The coupling impact effect of strong typhoon and large sand particles is more significant, in which the resistance coefficient of tower is increased by 9.80% to the maximum extent. The maximum resistance coefficient in typhoon field is 13.79% higher than that in the normal wind field.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 1997

This paper contains a new approach to blade section design method for marine propellers. The hydrodynamic characteristics of 2-D section are highly influenced by its geometrical parameters i.e., thickness and camber distributions and leading edge radius etc. To consider fully turbulent flow field near 2-D section. the finite volume method with k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulent model which solve Reynolds time averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equation is applied. In this study, O-type grid system that can provide many calculation points on blade surface is used. The results were compared with those of the experiment of NACA0012 to confirm the accuracy of the developed codes. The goal of this study is the development of a blade section with high efficiency and low drag. To achieve this, we carried out the tests of lift, drag and cavitation characteristics in cavitation tunnel. The results of experiment were compared with numerical results in order to validate the proposed blades design method. By comparing the numerical results with the experiments, we found that the new blade section, KH28 allows superior performance in efficiency and cavitation avoidance characteristics. We further investigated the blade section design method and an application study of this section, KH28 to apply to the marine propeller. In order to improve the accuracy of numerical results on prediction of lift and drag, we conclude here that the 2-layer boundary model must be used.