• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2011

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) play key roles in lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the effect of CLA on the transcriptional activity of TR4, an orphan nuclear receptor that plays an important role in lipid homeostasis. CLA increased TR4 gene mRNA level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but inhibited TR4 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. TR4 induced perilipin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating perilipin promoter activity. In a gel shift assay, TR4 bound direct to the putative TR4 response element in the perilipin promoter. Interestingly, CLA reduced the interaction between TR4 and consensus DR1, a well-known TR4 binding site. Additionally, CLA inhibited TR4-induced perilipin promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that CLA may play a role in lipid homeostasis in adipocytes by functionally regulating TR4.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.459-468
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• 1984

The currently accepted model of membrane structure proposes a dynamic, asymmetric lipid matrix of phospholipids and cholesterol with globular proteins embedded across the membrane to various degrees. Most phospholipids are in the bilayer arrangement and also closely associated with integral membrane proteins or loosely associated with peripheral proteins. Biological functions of membrane, such as membrane-bound enzyme functions and transport systems, are influenced by the membrane physical properties, which are determined by fatty acid composition of phospholipids, polar head group composition and membrane cholesterol content. Polar and non-polar region of the phospholipid molecule can interact, with changes in the conformation of a membrane-associated protein altering either its catalytic activity or the protein's interaction with other membrane proteins. Mammalian dietary studies attempted to change the lipid composition of a few cell membranes have shown comparisons, using essential fatty acid-deficient diets. In recent years, Clandinin and a few other workers have pioneered the study proving the influence of dietary fat fed in a nutritionally complete diet on composition of phospholipid classes of cell membrane. Modulation caused by diet fat was rapid and reversible in phospholipid fatty acyl composition of membranes of cardiac mitochondria, liver cell, brain synaptosome and lymphocytes. These changes were at the same time, accompanied by variety of membrane associated functions controlled by membrane-bound enzymes, tranporter and receptor proteins. The findings suggest the basic concept of the necessity of dietary fatty acid balance if consistency of optimal membrane structural lipid composition is to be maintained, as well as the overall inadequacy of describing the nutritional-biochemical quality of a dietary fat solely by its content of linoleic acid. Furthermore, they give light on the possible application to clinical and preventive medicine.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 1984

한국산 콩의 8품종에 대하여 유기 용매로 총지방질, 유리 지방질 및 결합 지방질의 분획을 얻은 다음 각 분획의 지방질 함량과 지방산 조성을 조사하였다. 한국산 콩의 정제 전 총지방질, 유리 지방질 및 결합 지방질의 평균 함량은 각각 21%, 18% 그리고 3 %였다. 이상 8품종의 콩에서는 모든 분획에서 아직 보고된 바 없는 10 : 0, 12 : 0, 14 : 0, 16 : 1, 17 : 0, 20 : 0, 22 : 0 등 7 종의 지방산들을 더 검출하였다. 모든 지방질 분획에서 18 : 2의 상대적 함량은 50.1 - 59.7%로서 가장 높았는데 총지방질 및 유리 지방질에서 국내 선발 품종간에 차이가 있었다. 총지방질과 유리 지방질의 지방산 조성은 서로 비슷하였으며, 지방산 중 18 : 1 의 상대적 함량은 결합 지방질의 그것에 비하여 배 이상 높았고 반면에 16 : 0과 14 : 0의 상대적 함량은 각각 결합 지방질의 그것의 60%, 66% 수준에 머물렀다. 한편, 18 : 3 의 상대적 함량은 총지방질 및 유리 지방질에서는 평균 9.0%, 결합 지방질에서는 이보다 다소 낮은 7.3%였는데 총지방질에서의 광교 품종이 11.1%로 가장 높았고 결합 지방질에서의 은대두 품종이 6.0%로 가장 낮았다. 기타의 지방산들은 지방질 분획간에 별 차이가 없었다. 총지방질 및 유리 지방질에서 18 : 1 의 상대적 함량(16.5-28.0, 18.6-28.6%)은 품종간에 차이가 있었는데 대체로 18 : 1 의 상대적 함량이 높은 품종에서는 18 : 2 와 18 : 3 의 상대적 함량이 낮은 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.119.1-119
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• 2003

The glyoxysomal nature of microbodies was determined in Botryosphaeria dothidea hyphae based on morphology and in situ enzyme characteristics by transmission electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Bound by a single membrane, microbodies had a homogeneous matrix and varied in size ranging from 200 to 400 m in diameter. Microbodies had crystalline inclusion(s) which consisted of parallel arrays of fine tubules in their matrices. Microbodies and lipid globules were frequently placed in close association with each other, forming microbody-lipid globule complexes in hyphae. The cytochemical activities of catalase and malate synthase were localized in matrices of microbodies, showing intense electron-density of the organelle. In addition, the immunogold labeling detected the presence of catalase in multivesicular bodies and hyphal cell walls as well as in matrices and crystalline inclusions of microbodies, supporting the enzyme secretion through cell walls. Meanwhile, isocitrate Iyase was localized only in matrices of microbodies. These results suggest that microbodies, particularly complexed with lipid globules, in the fungal hyphae are functionally defined as glyoxysomes, where glyoxysomal enzymes are biochemically active for the glyoxylate cycle to be a metabolic pathway in gluconeogenesis. (Mycology and Fugus Diseases)

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.507-513
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• 1997

Sequential observations of binding patterns and structural effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were made on fat body tissue of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury. Fat body was cultured in vitro in the presence of purified 62 kDa endotoxin and then examined for protein synthesis and the localization of membrane-bound toxin detected by an antibody against the 62 kDa endotoxin. Protein synthesis was mostly inhibited at concentrations of 15 ${\mu}$g/ml and higher. Immunocytochemical observations suggest that the toxin binds to all exposed basal lamina surrounding the fat body without apparent specificity. The cytopathic effect delectable by scanning electron microscope is disintegration rather than cell swelling. The basal lamina bound toxin was eventually detached from the fat body and followed by an extrusion of cell contents like lipid granules.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2016

Results of free and bound myo-inositol in infant formula (IF) are presented. Inositol was analyzed by HILIC ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The levels of free myo-inositol in 27 Australian and 4 EU originated IF samples were 300-600 mg/kg of powder or 1.6-3.1 mg/100 kJ. The amount of bound inositol in lipid fraction of IF was, on average, 10% of free myo-inositol.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1989

전통적인 염건숭어알(영암어란)의 제조과정을 체계화하여 숭어알을 염지하고 1.2cm 두께로 정형하여 참기름을 바르면서 풍속 3m / see, 70% R.H., $20^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 건조하여 제조한 감건숭어알(음건품)과 저장하면서 지질을 분획, 구성 지방산을 분석한 결과 지질함량이 40.12%인 감건숭어알의 유리지질은 62mg / 100mg, 결합지질은 36mg / 100mg이었으나 9주째는 20mg / 100mg까지 감소하였다. 이들 유리 및 결합지질을 분획하여 얻은 유리중성지질은 40mg / 100mg으로 최대함량이었으나 9주째는 29mg / 100mg까지 감소하였으며 결합중성지질 및 인지질은 각각 13mg / 100mg, 당지질은 10mg / 100mg이었으며 이들은 저장중 감소하였다. 중성지질을 구성하는 주요한 지방산은 유리중성지질에서 $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}$ 및 $C_{20:0}$로 그 합계는 30.05mg / 100mg으로 78.5% 함유되었고 결합중성지절에서는 74.5%를 차지하였다. 또한 불포화도(TUFA/TSFA)는 $1.21{\sim}1.41$로 9주째는 $0.57{\sim}0.61$까지 낮았으며 polyene산비(TPEA/TMEA)는 $0.32{\sim}1.23$이고, 필수지방산 함량(TEFA)은 11.33mg / 100mg에서 9주째는 4.52mg / 100mg까지 감소하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.532-546
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• 1993

This study was done to investigate the effects of different dietary oils on hepatic mitochondrial lipid compositon, adenine nucleotide translocase(AdNT) and ATPase activities in carcinogen treated rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 50∼60g, were fed three different types of dietary oil, beef tallow(BT), corn oil(CO) and sardine oil(SO) at 15% by weight for 14 weeks. Three weeks after feeding rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine(200mg/Kg BW). After five weeks rate fed 0.02% acetylaminofluorene contating diet for 6 weeks, and after seven weeks 0.05% phenobarbital containing diet for 7 weeks. At 14th week, rats were sacrificed and hepatic mitochondrial lipid composition, AdNT and ATPase activities were determined. Percent liver weight per body weight was significantly by carcinogen treatment. Analysis of mitochondrial lipid composition showed that body cholesterol and phospholipid contents were not affected by dietary oils but significantly increased by carcinogen treatment. Individual phospholipid composition as well as phosphatidyl ethanolamine/phosphatidyl choline ratio were altered by either dietary oils or carcinogen treatment. Fatty acid composition was changed by dietary oils but not much by carcinogen treatment. AdNT activity was affected by dietary oils in only carcinogen treated groups. ATPase activity was affected by dietary oils in only carcinogen nontreated groups. These data indicate that both dietary oils and caricinogen treatment can change mitochondrial lipid composition and thereby change AdNT and ATPase activities. Particularly effects of carcinogen treatment on cholesterol/phopholipid ratio, phospholipid compositon and ATPase activity were different among dietary oil groups. Therefore it is suggested that different dietary oils can somewhat modulate the changes of mitochnodrial lipid composition and membrane bound enzyme activites during hepatocarcinogenesis.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.175-175
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• 1994

녹용의 유효성분을 분리하기 위하여 지질성분을 분석하고 그 약효를 검색하였다. Folch-Suzuki 분배법, Sephadex G-50, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 Column Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, HPLC로 정제한후 Mass Spectrometer, NMR, FT-IR등을 이용하여 구조를 분석하였다. 이 물질은 분자량이 1065인 polyhydroxyunsaturated lipid임을 확인하였다. Strepthzotocin으로 당뇨병을 유발시킨 쥐에 이 물질을 투여한 후 혈액과 조직에서 생화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 정상군에 비해 투여군에서 혈당이 감소하였으나 혈액에서 insulin의 양은 증가하지 않았다. 당뇨병 쥐의 적혈구가 정상에 비해 용혈이 되지 않으나 투여군의 적혈구는 정상과 비숫한 용혈현상을 보여 주었다. 대뇌조직에서 gangliosides를 분석한 결과 당뇨병에 의해 GM1이 증가하는 양상을 보여 주었으나 투여군의 경우 대뇌 gangliosides 분포는 정상과 같았다. 대뇌 lipid bound sialic acid를 정량한 결과 당뇨병에 의해 그 양이 감소되었으나 녹용을 투여하였을 때는 정상에 비해 그 양이 더 증가하였다. Strepthzotocin으로 유발시킨 당뇨병 쥐에 녹용의 지질성분을 투여하였을 때 치료효과가 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.517-529
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• 2008

Porosomes are supramolecular, lipoprotein structures at the cell plasma membrane, where membrane-bound secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release inravesicular contents to the outside during cell secretion. The mouth of the porosome opening to the outside, range in size from 150 nm in diameter in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas, to 12 nm in neurons, which dilates during cell secretion, returning to its resting size following completion of the process. In the past decade, the composition of the porosome, its structure and dynamics at nm resolution and in real time, and its functional reconstitution into artificial lipid membrane, have all been elucidated. In this mini review, the discovery of the porosome, its structure, function, isolation, chemistry, and reconstitution into lipid membrane, the molecular mechanism of secretory vesicle swelling and fusion at the base of porosomes, and how this new information provides a paradigm shift in our understanding of cell secretion, is discussed.