• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.356-360
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• 2009

Purpose: Lipofibromatous Hamartoma(LFH) of nerve is a tumor - like lipomatous process principally involving the young persons. This is rare disease characterized by a soft slowly growing mass surrounding and infiltrating major nerves and their branches of the palm and digits. LFH of nerve usually affects the median nerve, with the most common sites of presentation being the distal forearm and hand in the wrist or palm. It may cause symptoms of compression neuropathy and is associated with macrodactyly. Recently, MRI plays a major role in confirming the diagnosis of LFH. Therefore, we present two cases of LFH in the hand with MRI features and surgical management. Methods: One is 6 - years - old female who presented with macrodactyly involving both the soft tissue and bony parts of the second, third and forth digits of her right hand. The other one is 16 - years - old man who presented involving the soft tissue of the second and third digits of his right hand, with pain and numbness, along with motor and sensory deficits in the median nerve distribution. To evaluation about LFH, we enforced preoperative MRI and physical examination. After confirming the diagnosis of LFH, we proposed decompression of all compromised peripheral nerve to help alleviate pain and paresthesia to reduce the likelihood of permanent motor and sensory sequelae. Results: A characteristic feature on MRI is the appearance of serpentiform nerve fascicle surrounded by fibro - fatty tissue within the expended nerve sheet. Distribution of fat between fascicles is asymmetric. Two cases were treated by limited debulking of the redundant tumor tissue and excision of epineurial fatty tissue. These cases were performed with relief of symptom. Conclusion: MRI not only confirms the diagnosis, it also provides a detailed assessment of nerve involvement preoperatively. Especially, on coronal images, the nerve has a spagetti - like appearance that is pathognomonic of LFH. Recommendations for early treatment include decompression of the carpal tunnel, debulking of the fibro - fatty sheath, microsurgical dissection of the neural elements and excision of involve nerve with or without grafting.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objectives: Cold Hypersensitivity of Hands and Feet (CHHF) has been diagnosed objectively by Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) and has been known to be associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS), which can be assessed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV). This study evaluated the correlation between severity of CHHF and HRV variables.Methods: We studied 155 non-menopausal women with CHHF who visited Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from 01 October 2013 to 30 April 2016. We measured DITI and HRV of each patient. We used DITI to calculate the severity of CHHF with thermal difference between upper arm (L4, 俠白穴) and palm (P8, 勞宮穴) of both hands and anterior thigh (ST32, 伏兎穴) and dorsum of foot (LI3, 太衝穴) of both feet. The correlation between severity of CHHF and HRV variables were analyzed.Results: In time domain analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between the severity of CHHF and both SDNN and RMSSD. In frequency domain analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between the severity of CHHF and TP, HF and HF Norm while there was significantly negative correlation between the severity of CHHF and LF Norm as well as between the severity of cold hypersensitivity of both hands and LF/HF ratio.Conclusions: The more severe CHHF is, the more increased the function of parasympathetic nerve system (PNS) and relatively decreased the function of sympathetic nerve system (SNS) is. Also, it has known that cold hypersensitivity could be caused by deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency has the same ANS tendency as CHHF. Therefore, in practical fields, this result can be helpful in planning treatment and deciding prognosis in respect of deficiency syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2000

This study was carried out to determine the influencing of electrical stimulation to cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion(CTSG; stellate ganglion) u the sympathetic tone. For the purpose of this study. the stimulation was given to both the interferential current stimulation(ICS: AMF 100Hz) group consisting of 10 person(males 8, females 2) and the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation(TENS: 100 Hz) group of 10(males 7, females 3) in the right side of the trachea with probe electrodes. Then. the temperature changes on the surfaces of the forehead. cheek, neck and internal ear of cephalocervix, which is subject to the influence of the cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion, and the palm. which is the end of the upper limbs. measured before. immediately alter. 10 minutes after and 20 minutes after experiment. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The emergence of remarkable Horner's symptoms which appear due to the changes of the tone of cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion was not seen. However, in the interferential current stimulation group there were two felt the sense of warmth in the facial region and one person who felt it in the upper limbs, and in the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group there was each one person who felt the sense of warmth in the facial region and in the upper limbs, respectively. Both groups have each one person who felt the sense of oppression in the eyelids. Three persons of the interferential current stimulation group and two persons of the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group have the sense of hoarse voice or numbness in the neck. These are the symptoms that appeared during stimulation, so it is difficult for them to be considered as the direct effects of the changes of the tone of cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion. 2. The t-test was performed to determine the significance between the right, which is the experimental side, and the left, which is the non-experimental side. Significance between the right, which is the experimental side, and the left, which is the non-experimental side. Significant changes were seen in the necks of the interferential current stimulation group and in the cheeks and internal ears of the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation immediately after experiment(P<.05). And the interferential current stimulation group showed a very high significance in the cheeks immediately after experiment and in the necks ten minutes after experiment(p<.01). Therefore, it could be seen that the electrical stimulation had an influencing on the changes of body temperature of the cephalocervix. 3. In both the interferential current stimulation group and the transcutaneous nerve electrical stimulation group, the forecheads, checks and necks of the cephalocervix in the experimental side(right) rather than the non-experimental side(left) had mostly a statistically significant rise in temperature immediately after experiment. The one-way ANOVA was carried out to determine the temperature change of on the surface of the body with the lapse of time; before, immediately after, ten minutes after and tewenty minutes after experiment. But no statistical significance was found from both the right and left sides.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.114-122
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• 2016

EIS (Electro interstitial scan) is a non-invasive and simple method to find the physio-pathological information inferred by electric current response with respect to low direct current applied between remote sites of the body. Although a few EIS-based devices for diagnosing diabetes were commercialized, they were not successful in offering clinical validity nor in confirming diagnostic principle. In this study, we measured the voltage responses of diabetic patients and normal subjects with a commercialized EIS device to test the usefulness of EIS in screening diabetes. For this purpose, voltage was measured between pairs of electrodes contacted at both palm, both soles of the feet and left and right forehead above both eyes. After feature extraction of voltage signals, the AUC (area under the curve) between the two groups was calculated and we found that seven variables were appropriately shown above 60% of accuracy. In addition, we applied the k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) method and found that the accuracy of classification between the two groups reached the accuracy of 76.2%. This result implies that the voltage response analysis based on EIS has potential as a diabetics screening method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2007

A total of 160 d-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were brooded for three weeks and then maintained at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Commencing from d 21, chicks were assigned to one of four feeding regimens: (1) diet with 8% palm oil (PO), (2) diet with 8% soybean oil (SO), (3) diet without added fat (control), (4) a choice of PO, SO and control (CH). The diets were formulated to maintain a constant ratio of energy and protein. From d 28 to 41, all birds were exposed to $34{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The PO, SO and CH birds had greater body weight than controls on d 42. The PO but not SO diet reduced mortality rate, body temperature and serum creatine kinase level of broiler chickens during heat exposure. Although the total intake of control, PO and SO diets was not significantly different during heat exposure, the CH birds had lower creatine kinase activity and mortality rate than those provided SO diet but not significantly different from the birds fed control and PO diets. The relative abdominal fat weight and breast intramuscular fat content percentage were significantly lower in the control birds than those of PO, SO and CH groups. There were no significant differences in both parameters among the three latter groups. These findings suggest that the uncertainty of how much dietary fat to put into diets for heat stressed broilers can be overcome by allowing them to select their own consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.2 s.92
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• pp.116-128
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to understand problems with both fit and sizing system of gloves by analyzing the glove production industries with an emphasis on the sizing system, production measurement system, and general marking situation. Also, to suggest the basic raw materials for improving sizing system for gloves, actual glove control sizes were compared to the anthropometric data of the previous study Fifteen domestic production companies were participated in this study-Domestic glove production companies established their own sizing system by copying inter-national brand's glove sizing system or by their experience. The Korean Standard of gloves and the 1997 Korean Standard Anthropometrics Measurement for producing glove patterns are not considered because of its discordance with the reality of the required measurements. Domestic glove production companies used different size designation and labeling system. Size measurement unit also showed difference among the glove production companies. Some companies used 'cm', some used 'mm', some used 'inch' for the measurement unit. In general, companies produced 5 to 4 sizes in one design of glove and the production was the highest in M and L size. In 9 out of 15 companies preferred control size as hand length and hand circumference. For reference size, most of the companies preferred finger circumference, finger length, palm length, hand breadth, crotch height, and hand thickness. Actual glove sizes were compared to the anthropometric data of the previous study. The results indicated that most of the measurements of actual glove sizes were significantly larger than the anthropometric data.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13
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• pp.27-42
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• 1996

With the rapid development of nowadays technologies, the environment of product development is experiencing structural changes than ever. Manufacturers are put under never-experienced pressures to launch their products in the market both faster and less expensively than their competitors while continuously improving product quality These pressures have given birth to so-called, Concurrent Engineering which is a systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of products and their related processes, including manufacture and support. Most manufactiring companies now recognize the importance of concurrent engineering and put heavy emphasis on the research and impementation of concurrent engineering. However, with this fundamental change in the process of product development, designers rarely pay attention to this newly demanding process. Designers still stay in the middle of process, satisfying their roles in dealing with aesthetic points of product. Designers badly need to incorporate the concept of concurrent engineering to design to design process and to adapt to this new environment. With these backgrounds, the study sets the objective to understand the nature of concurrent engineering and explore the possibility of it's application to industrial design. Particularly this study focuses on how the concept of concurrent engineering can be applied from the stage of form development to prototyping. At first, background, objectives, and scope of the study are discussed as an introductory part. It is followed by reviewing theories of concurrent engineering such as definition, history, technologies, examples, state of art and so on. Subsequently industrial design is viewed in terms of concurrent engineering and problems in industrial design are identified. Base on the findinss of precedent part of study, new process of industrial design incorporating concurrent engineering is developed. For the demonstration of new process, a case study of design of palm-top printer is introduced. Case study shows how the sketch, and forms can be transformed into prototyping with the simultaneous cooperation with engineering and other related specialists. Finally the study in summarized and future studies are prospected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-14
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• 1982

Effect of the oil mixture on physical properties in soft capsule preparation with ginseng extract contained $36{\pm}1%$moisture content was investigated. The optimum condition was reached when it was emulsified for 5 minutes in $40^{\circ}C$ water bath at 10.000 r.p.m. by mixing with both palm shortening oil and corn oil in equal amount under agitation. Addible amount of ginseng extract was 50% for the total.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2012

This review summarises the biology, discovery and applications of single nucleotide polymorphisms in complex polyploid crop genomes, with a focus on the important oilseed crop $Brassica$ $napus$. $Brassica$ $napus$ is an allotetraploid species, and along with soybean and oil palm is one of the top three most important oilseed crops globally. Current efforts are well underway to $de$ $novo$ assemble the $B.$ $napus$ genome, following the release of the related $B.$ $rapa$ 'A' genome last year. The next generation of genome sequencing, SNP discovery and analysis pipelines, and the associated challenges for this work in $B.$ $napus$, will be addressed. The biological applications of SNP technology for both evolutionary and molecular geneticists as well as plant breeders and industry are far-reaching, and will be invaluable to our understanding and advancement of the $Brassica$ crop species.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.247-262
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• 2015

The few lignin biomarker studies conducted in tropical environments are hampered by having to use references signatures established for plants and soils characteristic of the temperate zone. This study presents a lignin biomarker analysis (vanillyls (V), p-hydroxyls (P), syringyls (S), cinnamyls (C)) of the dominant plant species and soil horizons as well as an analysis of the interrelated terrigenous organic matter (TOM) dynamics between vegetation and soil of the $Tapaj{\acute{o}}s$ river region, an active colonization front in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected and analyzed samples from 17 fresh dominant plant species and 48 soil cores at three depths (0-5 cm, 20-25 cm, 50-55 cm) from primary rainforest, fallow forest, subsistence agriculture fields and pastures. Lignin signatures in tropical plants clearly distinguish from temperate ones with high ratios of Acid/aldehyde of vanillyls ((Ad/Al)v) and P/V+S. Contrary to temperate environments, similarly high ratios in tropical soils are not related to TOM degradation along with pedogenesis but to direct influence of plants growing on them. Lignin signatures of both plants and soils of primary rainforest and fallow forest clearly distinguish from those of non-forested areas, i.e., agriculture fields and pastures. Attalea speciosa Palm trees, an invasive species in all perturbed landscapes of the Amazon, exhibit lignin signatures clearly distinct from other dominant plant species. The study of lignin signatures in tropical areas thus represents a powerful tool to evaluate the impact of primary rainforest clearing on TOM dynamics in tropical areas.