• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1882-1889
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• 2007

Surveying rocks for engineering aims for prediction of geological feature of the construction site. Conventionally, survey information at outcrops and bore holes are projected to the construction sites, such as tunnel and slopes, and rock properties of the sites are predicted by interpretations of specialists. This system, the "Fracjection", aims to assist the specialist for visualization of the projected fractures from borehole and outcrop survey. The Fracjection accepts the BIPS and outcrop survey data to its database and allows plotting them in AutoCad map. The software also reads elevation data from contours of the topographic map and constructs DEM of the construction sites. With user's guide, it generates 3D excavation sites such as slopes and tunnels at the topographic map. The s/w projects borehole and outcrop surveyed fractures onto the modeled excavation surface and allows analysis of failure criteria, such as plane, wedge, and toppling failures by built-in stereonet function. Projected fractures can further be analyzed for structural homogeneities and rock mass quality. Moving window style correlation comparison of stereonet plots are used for formal analyses, and RQD type counts of the projected fractures are adopted for the latter analyses.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.503-517
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to verfify a more effecive techique for calculating geothermal gradient. this study examines 370 data of temperature-logging having been collected since 1985. The daya are divided into three different grades grades according to the type of temperature-depth plots: 204 data show typical linear gradient (Grade A); 126 data do not explicitily show the gradient becase of various external effects such as water flow (Grade B); and the rest 40 data do not show the gradient at all (Grade D). The new technique for calculating geothermal gradient is to be required to use Greade-B data more effctiviely. This new technique includes (1) calculating the independer depth of atmospheric temperature in the earth; (2) drawing a distribution map of subsurface tempurature by using the distribution map of subsurface temperature by using Grade-A data at the independent depth; and (3) recalculating geothermal gradient of Grade-B data by using the distrbution map of subsurface temperature, borehole depth, and bottom temperature of Grade-B data by using the distribution map of subsurface temperature, borehole depth, and bottom temperature of Grade-B data. As a result, 330 data-both Grade-A and Grade-B data--can be used to draw a distribution map of hot spradient. The map clearly distinguishes anomaly areas, and helps interpret their relations to the distribution of hot springs, geology, geological structures, and geophysical anomaly areas. These new results reveal that the average of geothermal in south Korea is 25.6$^{\circ}C$/km, when calculated to the Kriging method.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

The temperatures with the ground depth, the positions of circulation water in ground heat exchanger were measured and thermal diffusion characteristics with the distances of the direction normal to the borehole was analysed. The deeper the depth of ground, the less the influences of outdoor temperature, but below 10m of ground, there was no influences of ground temperature. When the depth of trench pipe was below the depth of 2m, there was no influence. In the ground of 10m when the distances between the pipe and the other places were above 0.5m, the variations of temperature were less than $1.6^{\circ}C$ and above 2.5m they were less than $0.1^{\circ}C$. When the distances of bore hole were above 5m, there were no. influences of the nearest ground heat exchanger.

• 지질공학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2014

일반적인 영구앵커(마찰형 앵커)는 정착장에서 지반과 그라우트의 마찰력으로 인발에 저항하는 구조이지만, 지압형 앵커는 확공부에서 발생하는 지압력으로 인발에 저항하여 지반변형을 억제하는 방식이다. 본 연구는 확공을 이용한 지압형 앵커 활용 시 합리적인 지압력 산정을 위해 수행되었으며, 지압력 산정 시 도해법, 실내실험, 수치해석적 방법을 수행하고 그 결과를 지반의 일축압축강도와 비교, 분석하였다. 도해법에서는 앵커의 지압력을 천공경($r_i$), 확장되는 천공경($r_e$), 일축압축강도(${\sigma}_c$)의 함수로 정의하였다. 실내실험을 통한 연구에서는 실내 모형을 제작하여 앵커 인장시험을 수행하여 지압력을 확인하였고, Flac 3D를 이용한 3차원 유한차분해석을 통해 지반조건별 지압력을 확인하였다. 실내실험 및 수치해석에서 도출된 지압력은 회귀분석을 통해 지압력 산정식을 제시하였다. 지압력은 실내실험에서 일축압축강도 대비 약 28.5배로 가장 큰 결과를 나타내었는데, 이는 순수 지압력 뿐만 아니라 앵커체 확장에 따른 주면마찰저항력이 함께 작용했기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 도해법과 수치해석에서 확인된 지압력은 일축압축강도의 13.3배, 9.9배로 확인되었으며, 향후 현장실험을 통한 지압력 산정결과와 비교, 분석하여 산정식에 대한 신뢰성 향상이 필요하다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2023

발파공법을 이용한 터널 건설 시 발생하는 진동을 최소화할 수 있는 폭약량의 결정을 위해서는 현장에서 시험발파, 혹은 유사조건에서의 진동기록을 분석하여 발파진동계수 K, n을 도출해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 시험발파를 수행하지 못할 경우, 합리적인 K 및 n을 도출할 수 있는 기법의 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 실규모 시험발파 자료를 수집한 후, 심층학습(DL)을 활용하여 화약류의 종류, 심발공법, 암반의 성인 및 종류, 암반등급에 따라 발파진동계수(K, n)를 예측할 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다. 또한 시추공 시험발파 결과의 한계성을 보완하고, 현실에 좀 더 부합하는 설계 수행을 목적으로 실규모 및 시추공 시험발파 결과 간의 보정값을 산정하였다. 본 연구결과 시추공 시험발파 결과식에 따른 사용 가능한 폭약량을 비교하였을 경우, 심층학습(DL)에 의한 결과는 50%이상, 보정값을 반영한 결과는 기타 발파진동 추정식과 유사하거나 약 20% 더 사용할 수 있어서 보다 경제적 설계가 가능하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.453-459
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• 2014

This paper presents an analysis on the initial ignoring time of SCW type GHX using Mean Square Error method. Line source method is a useful method for estimating the ground thermal conductivity for the vertical type and SCW type GHX in Korea. The line source method for ground thermal conductivity of geothermal in-site test is the basis of linear approximation between the temperature of a borehole and logarithmic time in a GHX. To apply the line source method to the estimation of SCW type GHX, it is necessary to ignore the initial time of data at the stage of a linear approximation. This paper proposed a new initial ignoring time of SCW type GHX among various initial ignoring time at the time for reaching MSE of $0.02^{\circ}C^2$.

• 지질공학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.163-178
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 지하수내 존재하는 우라늄과 라돈-222와 같은 자연방사성물질 산출과 지화학적 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 연구용 부지(충북 청원군 부용면 갈산리)에 120 m 심도로 시추하고, 심도별로 채취된 지하수의 화학적 특성과 시추코어의 암석화학적 특성을 분석하였다 시추코어상 주요 암종은 흑운모편암과 흑운모화강암이며 일부 구간에서 반상화강암과 염기성암맥이 확인되었다. 더블패커 시스템으로 채취한 6개 구간에서 지하수의 pH는 5.66~8.34 범위를 보이고, 화학적 유형은 Ca-$HCO_3$ 형으로 속한다. 심도별 및 시기별로 수리화학적 특성 차이를 보인다. 지하수내 우라늄과 라돈-222의 함량은 최고 683 ppb와 7,600 pCi/L를 각각 보이며, 심도 50~70 m구간에서 가장 높은 값을 보인다. 암석 및 광물내 우라늄과 토륨의 함량은 각각 0.51~23.4 ppm과 0.89~62.6 ppm의 범위를 보이며, 흑운모편암에서 가장 많은 방사성포유물(radioactive inclusion)이 관찰되었고, 현미경관찰과 EPMA 분석결과 방사성원소를 함유하는 광물로는 흑운모내 함유된 소량광물인 모나자이트, 일메나이트로 확인되었다. 우라늄은 이들 광물의 주요 구성원소를 치환하여 존재하며, 일부 석영과 장석 입자내에도 우라늄의 산출이 확인되었다. 시추공 심도 -50~-70 m 구간 지하수에서 높은 방사성물질 함량을 보이는 것은 이 구간의 지하수의 화학적 특성, 즉, 약알칼리성의 pH와 산화환경이고, 중탄산의 함량이 높아 우라늄의 용존에 좋은 조건이 된 것으로 보인다. 지하수내 라돈가스의 함량은 우라늄 농도와 대체로 비례하므로 우라늄의 붕괴와 관련된 것으로 보이며, 라돈가스의 기원에 대한 하나의 해석방법으로 헬륨과 네온등 영족기체 동위원소비를 이용한 간접적인 추적방법을 적용할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.284-287
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• 2005

The flow of groundwater in fractured medium is related to the geometric characteristics of the fracture system. And a fracture aperture and a fracture density are considered as important factor concerning the permeability. Data acquisition of the properties of fracture such as aperture and density is so difficult and has uncertainty. We also cannot know the fracture characteristics through the in-situ tests. We usually obtain the fracture information from a ultrasonic scan logging or borehole television indirectly. Using the deduced results, we can make the fracture system and simulate the groundwater flow and solute transport in the crystalline rock. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the properties of fracture and hydraulic conductivities obtained at the same interval. The properties of fracture are examined by acoustic televiwer and hydraulic conductivities are obtained by constant Pressure injection test. The distributioin of fracture width and fracture frequency shows the log-normal probability plot. And, Results of correlation analysis explain that opened type fractures have proper relation with hydraulic conductivity. But, as though there are semi-opened type fractures or closed type fractures, those have the permeable structure.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2014

This paper presents a preliminary experimental and computational study on the evaluation of thermal performance and initial cost of U, W and coil type ground heat exchangers (GHEs). Heat exchange rate of the individual GHE was evaluated from the thermal resperformance test (TPT) results, and the construction cost was also calculated. For more information, GLD (ground loop design) simulations of various piping size are carried out. From simulation results, the optimized GHE was suggested based on the thermal performance and construction cost as well. Besides, the required borehole length of U and W type GHEs was calculated considering a real construction condition using GLD program.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.64-81
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• 2016

To analyze the influence of various groundwater flow rates (specific discharge) on BHE system with balanced and unbalanced energy loads under assuming same initial temperature (15℃) of ground and groundwater, numerical modeling using FEFLOW was used for this study. When groundwater flow is increased from 1 × 10⁻⁷ to 4 × 10⁻⁷m/s under balanced energy load, the performance of BHE system is improved about 26.7% in summer and 22.7% at winter time in a single BHE case as well as about 12.0~18.6% in summer and 7.6~8.7% in winter time depending on the number of boreholes in the grid, their array type, and bore hole separation in multiple BHE system case. In other words, the performance of BHE system is improved due to lower avT in summer and higher avT in winter time when groundwater flow becomes larger. On the contrary it is decreased owing to higher avT in summer and lower avT in winter time when the numbers of BHEs in an array are increased, Geothermal plume created at down-gradient area by groundwater flow is relatively small in balanced load condition while quite large in unbalanced load condition. Groundwater flow enhances in general the thermal efficiency by transferring heat away from the BHEs. Therefore it is highly required to obtain and to use adequate informations on hydrogeologic characterristics (K, S, hydraulic gradient, seasonal variation of groundwater temperature and water level) along with integrating groundwater flow and also hydrogeothermal properties (thermal conductivity, seasonal variation of ground temperatures etc.) of the relevant area for achieving the optimal design of BHE system.