• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.475-480
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• 2009

Purpose: To correct the facial asymmetry and to achieve symmetry and balance, not only the soft tissue restoration of deficits but also creation and facial contour line such as mandible border and angle is important. Micro fat graft has limitation such as high resorption rate and somewhat limited ability to emphasize the rigid bony characteristics of the mandible angle due to its innate soft consistency. We have investigated the advantages of dermal fat graft over micro fat graft to correct asymmetry of the lower face in patients who had undergone mandibular reconstruction or distraction, using comparative analysis. Methods: Total of 12 patients were enrolled in our study: 6 micro fat graft and 6 dermal fat graft. Postoperative results were compared and analyzed at immediate postoperative period and more than 1 year later in each group with photographs, and analysised with image J program. Result: No complications were noted both in the micro fat type and the dermal fat type of procedures such as fat necrosis or micro calcifications. All of the patients who received micro fat graft, however had considerable amount of fat resorption after the procedure which led to two additional fat graft procedures. Although minor contour obliteration due to contracture was seen in patients who had undergone dermal fat graft procedure, no definite resorption was found even after more than one year follow-up. Results of dermal fat graft patients were satisfactory in terms of mandible angle symmetry. Secondary revision was necessary in one case due to overcorrection using dermal fat graft. Conclusion: The dermal fat graft has many advantages over the conventionally more popular micro fat graft to correct asymmetry of the lower face following mandible reconstruction owing to its lower resoption rate, more effective in emphasizing the natural curvilinear anatomical contours of the mandible angle and body and lower complication rates such as fat necrosis or micro calcifications.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2008

Purpose: The anterolateral thigh flap has many advantages over other conventional free flaps. But the anterolateral thigh flap has yet to enter widespread use because perforating arteries exhibit a wide range of anatomic variations and are difficult to dissect when small. The aim of this study is to identify the vascular variability of perforating arteries and pedicle in the anterolateral thigh free flap. Methods: We studied 12 cadavers and dissected 23 thighs. An anterolateral thigh flap ($12{\times}12cm$) was designed and centered at the midpoint of the line drawn from anterior superior iliac spine to the superolateral border of the patella. After we identifed the perforating arteries we dissected up to their origin from lateral circumflex femoral artery along descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery. We then investigated the number and the position of perforating arteries, length and diameter of vascular pedicle and pattern of lateral circumflex femoral arterial system. Results: On average $2.3{\pm}1.1$ perforating arteries per thigh were identified. The musculocutaneous perforators were 63.1%. In those perforators five perforators were arose from transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery and two were arose from rectus femoral artery. Most of the perforators were near the intermuscular septum between rectus femoris muscle and vastus lateralis muscle. The length and diameter of pedicle were $11.9{\pm}3.5cm$ and $3.1{\pm}0.8mm$ on average. Conclusion: This study will be helpful for the success in anterolateral thigh free flap.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2005

In this study, several kinds of volatile amines in ambiant air were collected and their concentrations were expected from the calibration curves prepared by standard solutions of 7 amines by the official measuring method prescribed in Japanese Offensive Odor Law. The obtained calibration curves showed a good linearity and the detection limit of trimethyl amine was found to be about 0.033 ppb (0.040 ng) in case of 50 liters air. It means that trimethyl amine could be detected with the concentration of lower than its permitting level at the border line of companies. As typical examples of measuring amines in air, results of investigation of two sewage works and one rendering plant around the capital area indicated that 4 kinds of amines, i.e. methyl amine, dimethyl amine, trimethyl amine and isopropyl amine were detectable and concentrations of trimethyl amine at the primary sedimentation pond and sludge dewatering building of the sewage plant A showed 9.07 ppb and 7.79 ppb respectively, being over the concentration of odor strength 2.5, And the aeration tank, excrement input facility and indoor of maintenance room of excrement process building in the sewage plant B showed 70.0 ppb of dimethyl amine and 2.44 ppb of trimethyl amine.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2011

To identify unintended vertical gene-transfer rates from the developed transgenic plants, rapid and unequivocal techniques are needed to identify event-specific markers based on flanking sequences around the transgene and to distinguish zygosity such as homo- and hetero-zygosity. To facilitate evaluation of zygosity, a polymerase chain reaction technique was used to analyze a transgenic pepper line B20 (homozygote), P915 wild type (null zygote), and their F1 hybrids, which were used as transgene contaminated plants. First, we sequenced the 3'-flanking region of the T-DNA (1,277 bp) in the transgenic pepper event B20. Based on sequence information for the 3'- and 5'-flanking region of T-DNA provided in a previous study, a primer pair was designed to amplify full length T-DNA in B20. We successfully amplified the full length T-DNA containing 986 bp from the flanking regions of B20. In addition, a 1,040 bp PCR product, which was where the T-DNA was inserted, was amplified from P915. Finally, both full length T-DNA and the 1,040 bp fragment were simultaneously amplified in the F1 hybrids; P915 ${\times}$ B20, Pungchon ${\times}$ B20, Gumtap ${\times}$ B20. In the present study, we were able to identify zygosity among homozygous transgenic event B20, its wild type P915, and hemizygous F1 hybrids. Therefore, this novel zygosity identification technique, which is based on PCR, can be effectively used to examine gene flow for transgenic pepper event B20.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

This paper proposes a detection method of wipes including horizontal wipes with linear moving borders, such as horizontal or vertical wipes, Barn Doors, and Iris Rounds with circular moving borders. The suggested method first obtains a difference image between two adjacent frames, and extracts lines and circles by applying Hough transformation to the extracted difference image. Then, we detect wipe transitions by employing an evaluation function that analyzes the number of moving trajectories of lines or circles, their moving direction and magnitude. To evaluate the performance of the suggested algorithm, experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect wipe transitions with linear and circular moving borders rather than some existing methods.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2303-2315
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• 2008

Finally, Musan-Bongdong section in Kyeong-Ui corridor opened on 11. DEC.2007, which is a historical event, because this connection means the restoration of 56 yrs' disconnection since 1951 and also starting point launching to connect china, Mongolia, Russia for continental railway logistic infrastructure. This is also one of master plans about the northern line in TAR, carried out by UNESCAP, so this study will touch up each country's railway status and the next tasks related with trans-continental railway such as North Korea, Russia, China. Also, this study reveal a mid-long term development strategy to improve the North Korea railroad for a continent rail link and international railroad transportation between China and Russia, and also checks the way of confrontation to the domestic infrastructure for the activation of the continent railway and the north and south, investigates concretely how to establish TAR northern part routes as soon as possible.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.74-86
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• 1997

This investigation has been conducted based on the medical chart of 344 patients who have been diagnosed of fibromyalgia syndrome during Oct. 9, 1996 through Nov. 20 at the Rheumatism Hospital of H. University located in Seoul. 280 which have been included in the analysis. 1. Only one patient was male in 280 patients, age distribution was from 28 to 76, in which the average age was 52.4. 2. Percentage of treatment duration was 6 months in 46.1%, 3 years in 22.1% and 2 years in 12.5%. Considering these results, it can be predicted that the number of patients might be increased and accumulated in the future. 3. Percentage of patients having primary fibromyalgia syndrome was 39.3%, having combination with osteoarthritis was 36.7% and the rest case have combination with rheumatoid arthritis at the same time. 4. The percentage of cases having patients 10-12 tender points was 37.1%, while the most of cases have pain at 12-19 tender points. The common locations of the tender point were at lateral epicondyle of elbow in 92.0%, at midpoint of upper border Trapezius in 84.8%, at upper part of scapula Supraspinatus in 82.9%, at medial fat pad proximal to the joint line knee in 81.85%, at intertransverse of $C_{5-7}$ Low cervical in 73.4% and at 2nd distal costochondral Junction 2nd rib in 72.0%. And most of the patients had joint functional disability at all in 47.1% with average 2.41 joint functional disability. 5. Age was not a variable influencing the number of tender points and the number of joint functional disability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.47-56
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• 2003

There are no specific criteria deciding what type of crosswalk installs although 4 typed crosswalks at signalized intersections classify according to number of stop line, spacing from the border of intersections and existence of traffic islands or not. Accidents involving pedestrians at signalized intersections are classified by type of crosswalks by traffic volume, pedestrian volume at crosswalk, intersection geometry and phase in view of pedestrians' safety at 50 intersections in Gwangju. The Multiple regression models are applied to express the pedestrian accident rate. In addition, process deciding what type of crosswalk installs which includes accident rate involved pedestrian is changed into number of accident is represented to reduce number of accidents. This paper presents what type of crosswalk installs in order to reduce pedestrian involved accidents at new or existing crosswalk.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

Background: For reconstruction of the mild to moderate medial orbital wall fractures, various surgical approaches have been used. Prior existing W-shaped incision was a direct local approach through a 3 cm incision on the superior medial orbital area with a titanium mesh implant. In this study, the authors modified W-shaped incision and reconstructed the defect with silastic sheet to improve the result and the postoperative scar. Methods: This study included 20 patients who had mild to moderate size of medial wall defect and therefore relatively suitable for reconstruction with silastic sheets from July, 2009 to December, 2011. A modified W-shaped skin incision approximately 1.2 to 1.5 cm in length was made along the superior medial orbital rim from approximately 1 cm medial to the medial canthus to the lower border of the medial eyebrow. The angles of the limbs of the W ranged from 150 to 160 degrees. Results: By using soft flexible silastic sheet, the authors reduced the incision from 3 to 1.5 cm, and by widening the angle of the W limbs, scars were more effectively hided in the relaxed skin tension line. Scar assessment was done with modified patient and observer scar assessment scale and mean score from patients was 2.08 and mean score from observers was 2.12. Conclusion: Although this method will not be suitable for every case, it can be a consistent method to obtain the surgical goal in treatment of mild to moderate blowout fractures of the medial orbital wall.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.499-504
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• 2019

Head-lice infestation, pediculosis capitis, remains a public-health burden in many countries. The widely used first-line pediculicides and alternative treatments are often too costly for use in poor socio-economic settings. Ivermectin has been considered an alternate treatment for field practice. This study was composed of 2 parts, a cross-sectional survey and an intervention study. The main objectives were to determine the prevalence and potential factors associated with head-lice infestation, and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral ivermectin administration. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 890 villagers in rural areas along Thai-Myanmar border. Females with infestations were eligible for the intervention study, and 181 participated in the intervention study. A post-treatment survey was conducted to assess acceptance of ivermectin as a treatment choice. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and a generalized-estimation-equation model adjusted for cluster effect. The study revealed the prevalence of head-lice infestation was 50% among females and only 3% among males. Age stratification showed a high prevalence among females aged <20 years, and among 50% of female school-children. The prevalence was persistent among those with a history of infestation. The major risk factors were residing in a setting with other infected cases, and sharing a hair comb. The study also confirmed that ivermectin was safe and effective for field-based practice. It was considered a preferable treatment option. In conclusion, behavior-change communication should be implemented to reduce the observed high prevalence of head-lice infestation. Ivermectin may be an alternative choice for head-lice treatment, especially in remote areas.