• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.648-651
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• 2009

탄소섬유강화플라스틱(CFRP:Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic)용기의 외부에 화재가 발생할 경우 함침된 수지(Resin)가 탄화되면서 자체 강도가 약화되고 충전된 가스가 외부 온도 상승에 따라 압력 상승이 발생하여 용기의 폭발로 이어지는 사고가 발생할 개연성이 높다. 화염 노출조건에서 복합재료 용기의 폭발을 방지하기 위하여 용기용 밸브에 내장된 온도감응식 압력안전장치(TPRD:Thermally activated Pressure Relief Device) 작동 성능을 검증하기 위한 방법으로 화염실험(Bonfire test)를 실시하고 있으나, 개방 공간에서 실시되는 이 실험은 표면 온도 변화가 매우 크게 발생하여 실험에 대한 재현성(Reproducibility)에 의문이 제기되고 있다. 따라서, 표면 온도를 일정하게 유지하기 위한 실험 방법의 개선이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 경유+heptane을 이용한 전체 화염에 노출되는 경우와, 천연가스를 이용한 단일화염에 노출되는 경우의 실험 결과 비교를 통하여 화염 노출 표면 온도를 일정하게 유지하기 위한 가열 방법의 타당성을 검토하였다. 또한, 복합재료 라이너(Liner)의 온도 변화 비교를 통하여 집중화염 노출 조건에서 열전달 특성을 알아보았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3243-3254
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• 2013

It is well known that increased incidences of lung, skin, and bladder cancers are associated with occupational exposure to PAHs. Animal studies show that certain PAHs also can affect the hematopoietic and immune systems and can produce reproductive, neurologic, and developmental effects. As a consequence, several studies have been attempted to investigate the fate of PAHs in atmospheric environment during the past decades. However, there is still a lack of information in regard to the atmospheric concentration of PAHs during the "Bon Fire Night". In this study, twenty-three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and twenty-eight aliphatics were identified and quantified in the $PM_{10}$ and vapour range in Birmingham ($27^{th}$ November 2001-$19^{th}$ January 2004). The measured concentrations of total particulate and vapour (P+V) PAHs were consistently higher at the BROS in both winter and summer. Arithmetic mean total (P+V) PAH concentrations were $51.04{\pm}47.62$ ng $m^{-3}$ and $22.30{\pm}19.18$ ng $m^{-3}$ at the Bristol Road Observatory Site (BROS) and Elms Road Observatory Site (EROS) respectively. In addition arithmetic mean total (P+V) B[a]P concentrations at the BROS were $0.47{\pm}0.39$ ng $m^{-3}$ which exceeded the EPAQS air quality standard of 0.25 ng $m^{-3}$. On the other hand, the arithmetic mean total (P+V) aliphatics were $81.80{\pm}69.58$ ng $m^{-3}$ and $48.00{\pm}35.38$ ng $m^{-3}$ at the BROS and EROS in that order. The lowest average of CPI and $C_{max}$ measured at the BROS supports the idea of traffic emissions being a principle source of SVOCs in an urban atmosphere. The annual trend of PAHs was investigated by using an independent t-test and oneway independent ANOVA analysis. Generally, there is no evidence of a significant decline of heavier MW PAHs from the two data sets, with only Ac, Fl, Ph, An, 2-MePh, 1+9-MePh, Fluo and B[b+j+k]F showing a statistically significant decline (p<0.05). A further attempt for statistical analysis had been conducted by dividing the data set into three groups (i.e. 2000, 2001-2002 and 2003-2004). For lighter MW compounds a significant level of decline was observed by using one-way independent ANOVA analysis. Since the annual mean of $O_3$ measured in Birmingham City Centre from 2001 to 2004 increased significantly (p<0.05), it may be possible to attribute the annul reduction of more volatile PAHs to the enhanced level of annual average $O_3$. By contrast, the heavier MW PAHs measured at the BROS did not show any significant annual reduction, implying the difficulties of 5- and 6-ring PAHs to be subject to photochemical decomposition. The deviation of SVOCs profile measured at the EROS was visually confirmed during the "Bonfire Night" festival closest to the $6^{th}$ November 2003. In this study, the atmospheric PAH concentrations were generally elevated on this day with concentrations of Fl, Ac, B[a]A, B[b+j+k]F, Ind and B[g,h,i]P being particularly high.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2009

Fuel cell vehicles are equipped with Pressure Relief Devices(PRDs) installed in pressure tank cylinder to prevent the explosion of the tank during a fire. PRDs are safety devices that perceive a fire and release gas in the pressure tank cylinder before it is exploded. But if the PRD does not actuate, because either the PRD fails or can't be surrounded by the flame of a fire, the tank will rupture and produce a blast wave and hydrogen fire ball. In this paper, we observed the fire behavior of actual fuel cell vehicle, comparing with that of gasoline vehicle.