• Title/Summary/Keyword: bone mineral contents

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Comparisons of Dietary Intakes and Body Composition with Different Sexual Maturation Velocities in Korean Girls of Early Pubertal Age (성 성숙 속도가 다른 사춘기 초기 여자 어린이의 체구성 및 식생활 비교)

  • Chang, Hoon;Park, Min-Kyung;Paik, Hee-Young;Joung, Hyo-Jee
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.58-68
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    • 2007
  • The associations between dietary, body composition and sexual maturation were investigated among Korean girls of pubertal age in this study. Dietary intakes were collected by 3 day food records, body compositions were measured by bio-impedence analyzer and sexual maturation stages were determined with a self-administrated questionnaire using Tanner stages in 1,114 girls 9-13 years of age. Girls were divided into early maturation (EM) and late maturation (LM), based on the comparative maturation stages of breast and pubic hair among the same age groups by months. Subjects were excluded if their stage of maturation could not be divided into early and late groups. EM and LM groups consisted of 42.8% and 38.9% of subjects by breast stage and 67.4% and 22.8% by pubic hair stage. Girls in LM group had significantly lower in height, weight and bone mineral contents (p < 0.05). When nutrient densities of average daily intake of the two groups were compared, folate density was significantly higher among the LM group of breast stages (p < 0.01), and Ca, P, K, Vit. $B_1$, Vit. $B_2$ and folate densities were significantly higher among the LM group of pubic hair stages (p < 0.05). These results show that intakes of some micronutrients differ between children with faster and slower sexual maturation velocities at early pubertal stages. More longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether such differences are consistent throughout the pubertal period.

The Effect of Aerobic Dancing on Lipid and Ca Metabolism in College Women (에어로빅 운동이 여대생의 체내지질 및 Ca 대사에 미치는 영향)

  • 김희선
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.23-35
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    • 1988
  • This study was designed to find out the effects of aerobic exercise on lipid and Ca metabolism in seven healthy college women, aged 20 to 22 years. Metabolic studies were conducted before and after a 10-weeks exercise period, during which subjects participated in the planned aerobic dance program every day except Sunday. The initial mean time engaged in the exercise was 28 minutes and it was gradually increased up to 45 minutes around the middle point of the exercise period. During both of metabolic study periods, the subjects ate experimental diets which supplied about 120g of protein and 600mg of Ca daily and during the rest of the experimental period they ate their usual diets. The use of alcoholic beverages and drugs were prohibited. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The effect of exercise on lipid metabolism. (1) Mean body weight decreased significantly after exercise(p<0.01) and it did not show a significant decline in skinfold thickness and total body fat contents. (2) Serum total cholesterol level decreased significantly after exercise(p<0.05) and TG level also tended to be lower than that of pre-exercise period. Exercise did not exert any influence on the level of serum HDL-cholesterol in this study. (3) Exercise did not alter total lipid content in feces and apparent lipid absorption rate. 2) The effect of exercise on Ca and P metabolism. (1) After exercise, focal Ca excretion was slightly reduced, however, urinary Ca excretion was not significantly changed. In the results, a slight increase was shown in body Ca retention after exercise. (2) Exercise tended to increase urinary P excretion, but neither P balance nor fecal excretion was significantly changed after exercise. (3) Bone mineral content was not affected by exercise. In summary, aerobic exercise decreased total cholesterol and TG level in serum and tended to increase body Ca retention. With the results, it can be concluded that the additional physical activities beyond the normal daily life in college women might prevent some degenerative diseases-suchas atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.

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Effect of Addition of β-TCP on Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable PLA/β-TCP Composites (β-TCP 첨가량에 따른 생분해성 PLA/β-TCP 복합체의 생체활성과 기계적 특성 평가)

  • Moon, Hee-Jung;Kim, Seol-Ak;Kim, Dong-Ae
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.609-615
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    • 2021
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanical properties of melt-injected poly lactic acid (PLA) composites with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). The PLA mixed with calcined PLA/β-TCP powder to be contents of 0, 10, 30, 50 wt%, respectively, was dissolved in chloroform solvent under stirring for 24 h. Then the liquid mixtures were dropped into ethanol to extract solvent. After drying, the well-dispersed PLA/β-TCP composites were granulated and melt-injected to prepare specimens for various mechanical testing. PLA/β-TCP induced the precipitation of an apatite bone-mineral phase on the surface after immersion in a human simulated body fluid (SBF) for 90 days, showing in bioactivity. Mean various mechanical properties PLA/β-TCP composite were increased up to 10-30 wt% with significantly in part and composite were decreased 50 wt% of showing in mechanical properties. In conclusion, Over 30 wt% addition of β-TCP to PLA may be not advisable to improve the mechanical properties of melt-injected polymeric composites. Results indicated that β-TCP can be used considered as potential reinforcing agent for increasing mechanical properties for PLA. Therefore, it was suggest that the additional effects of β-TCP and research on a wide range of substances.

Age quadratically affects intestinal calcium and phosphorus transporter gene expression in broiler chickens

  • Lv, Xianliang;Hao, Junfang;Wu, Lihua;Liu, Mengyuan;He, Lei;Qiao, Yingying;Cui, Yanyan;Wang, Guan;Zhang, Chunmei;Qu, Hongxia;Han, Jincheng
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.35 no.12
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    • pp.1921-1928
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    • 2022
  • Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of age on growth, tibia development, and intestinal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) transporter gene expressions in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 224 male Arbor Acres broilers were fed with nutrient-adequate diets and reared in eight cages (28 broilers per cage). Eight broilers (one broiler per cage) were selected and killed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days of age, respectively. Results: Body weight continuously increased with age of broiler chickens from 5 to 40 days. The bone weight, ash weight, diameter, and length of the tibia also increased with broiler age. By contrast, the tibia ash, Ca, and P percentages quadratically changed with age (p<0.001), and the highest values of mineral contents were observed at 20, 25, and 25 days of age, respectively. The mRNA abundances of calcium-binding protein 28-kDa (CaBP-D28k), sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), and plasma membrane ATPase 1b (PMCA1b) increased from 5 to 25 days and then decreased up to 40 days. Similar results were noted in the mRNA abundances of IIb sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb), inorganic phosphate transporter 1 (PiT-1), inorganic phosphate transporter 2 (PiT-2), nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR), and membrane vitamin D receptor (mVDR). The mRNA abundances of Ca and P transporters and VDRs were the highest at 25 days of age. Conclusion: These data indicate that age quadratically affects intestinal Ca and P transporter gene expression and mineral absorption capacity in broiler chickens.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Silky Fowl(Gallus domesticus var. silkies) (백봉오골계육의 이화학적 특성)

  • Cho, Chae-Min;Park, Chung-Kil;Lee, Min-Young;Lew, In-Deok
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.306-314
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    • 2006
  • In this study, the anatomic characteristics and the contents of nutritional ingredients and minerals of silky fowl and yeonsan ogolgye was investigated. Silky fowl is covered with white silky feather. There is a pinch of vertical white tassel on peak of the head, especially a silky fowl cock. The crown of a silky fowl has a nickname of phoenix crown, the crown of a cock is mostly like a rose, while that of a hen like strawberry or mulberry. The ear of silky fowl is mostly peacock green(Light blue turquoise), bronze for a small part. Peacock green is most common for Silky Fowl with a age of $60{\sim}150$ days, over the age of 150 days, the peacock green will be gradually replaced by purplish red. Beaks are leaden blue, short and stout while the face is smooth and fine. The lower jaw of silky fowl has comparatively long tiny hair, similar to beard. The two legs of silky fowl are covered with a handful of feather, or known as 'Putting on trousers'. Each leg of silky fowl has five talons. The whole skin, eyes, mouth, talons of silky fowl are grey black The bone and marrow of silky fowl are light black the periosteum is black. The whole meat, internal organs and abdominal fat of sillry fowl aye black the heart and leg meat are light black. Silky fowl meat had lower moisture and lipids content, but higher Ash and protein content than meats of yeosan ogolgye and general chickens. For mineral contents of leg muscle and breast muscle, silky fowl had higher contents of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), potassium (K), zinc (Zn) than those of yeonsan ogolgye, while yeonsan ogolgye had higher contents of calcium (Ca) than that of silky fowl. The contents of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is higher in leg muscle than in breast muscle for the silky fowl and yeonsan ogolgye. Leg muscle of silky fowl contains a lot of iron (Fe), about 4 times as much as that of leg muscle of yeonsan ogolgye. For the silky fowl and the yeonsan ogolgye, leg muscles contains a lot of zinc (Zn), about 5 times, 4 times respectively as much as that of breast muscle.

Effects of antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen on body weight, bone mineral density, organ weight and histological change in ovariectomized rats (녹용, 홍삼, 홍화, ipriflavone 및 estrogen이 난소적출 rat의 체중, 골밀도, 장기중량 및 조직학적 변화에 관한 연구)

  • 유상식;김상근;이명헌;송운재;문병천;김무강
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.235-245
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    • 2000
  • This study was peformed to elucidate the effects of antler, red ginseng, safflower seed, ipriflavone and estrogen on ovariectomized rats. The rats were fed with Ca and P deficient diet for five weeks to induce osteoporosis. After this period, these animals were fed with normal for and treated every other day with antler(600mg/kg, PO), red ginseng(200mg/kg, PO), safflower(200mg/kg, PO), ipriflavone(80mg/kg, PO) and estrogene(400$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, IM) for S weeks. During the treatment, the rats were examined for body, organ, femur and femur ash weights. And electron-microscopical examinations were also performed on femora. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The body weights of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated groups after five weeks of treatment, were 303.0$\pm$3.0g, 273.3$\pm$4.4g, 288.3$\pm$5.1g, 300.5$\pm$5.2g, 320.5$\pm$4.2g, respectively. They, except the red ginseng-treated group, were significantly higher than 278.4$\pm$2.7g of normal control group(P<0.05). And the body weight of non-treatment group was 29it.2$\pm$5.5g which was higher than that of control group, too. 2. The weights of left femur after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.83$\pm$0.2g by antler, 0.89$\pm$0.2g by red ginseng, 0.87$\pm$0.2g by safflower 0.83$\pm$0.1g by ipriflavone and 0.78$\pm$0.1g by estrogen-treated group. They were a little lower than 0.97$\pm$0.1g of normal control group. Non-treatment group showed 0.83$\pm$0.1g which was lower than that of control group but not significant. 3. The weights of ashed left femora after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.36$\pm$0.01g by antler, 0.40$\pm$0.01g by red ginseng, 0.41$\pm$0.01g by safflower, 0.36$\pm$0.01g by ipriflavone and 0.35$\pm$0.01g by estrogen-treated group. Those results were significantly lower than 0.43$\pm$0.01g of normal control group. And non-treatment group showed 0.29$\pm$0.01g of femoral ash which was significantly lower than that showed by control group(p<0.05). 4. The femoral Ca contents of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated rats were 19.6$\pm$0.7%, 17.8$\pm$1.1%, 18.8$\pm$0.9%, 18.0$\pm$1.1%, 15.3$\pm$1.1%, respectively, after five weeks of treatment. The femoral Ca contents of antler and safflower-treated groups were higher than that of control group which showed 18.2$\pm$0.9% of Ca The non-treatment group, showing 15.3$\pm$0.7%, had significantly lower content of Ca than normal group(p<0.05). 5. The weights of liver, spleen, and kidney in the osteoporosis-induced rats during the treatment with antler, red ginseng, safflower, jpriflavone and estrogen showed not significant changes. 6. The connections among the trabeculae of control group were maintained well, showing no bone loss. However, the connections among the trabeculae of non-treatment group were thinner than those of control group and were almost disconnected and the lacunae were found to be broadened. Antler and safflower-treated group showed only slight changes. The recovery rates were prominent in antler, safflower, estrogen-treated groups but they were insignificant in red ginseng and ipriflavone-treated groups.

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Anti-climacterium Effects of Gagamguibiondam-tang in Ovariectomized Rats (난소적출로 유발된 랫트 갱년기 장애에 대한 가감귀비온담탕의 생리활성 효과 평가)

  • Han, Sang-Gyeom;Kim, Dong-Chul
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.18-44
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The object of this study was to observe the anti-climacterium activity of Gagamguibiondam-tang (GGOT) on ovariectomized (OVX) rats, a well-documented rodent models resembles with women postmenopausal climacterium symptoms, as including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, organ steatosis and mental disorders. Methods: In this study, anti-climacteric effects were evaluated separated into three categories; 1) anti-obese, 2) anti-uterine atrophy and 3) anti-osteoporotic effects. Five groups were used (8 rats in each group); sham control, OVX control, GGOT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg administered groups. Twenty-eight days after bilateral OVX surgery, GGOT were orally administered, once a day for 84 days, and then the changes on the body weight and gain during experimental periods, serum estradiol levels, abdominal fat pad and uterus weights with histopathology of abdominal fat pads (total thickness and mean adipocyte diameters) and uterus (total, epithelial and mucosal thickness, percentages of uterine gland regions) for anti-obese and estrogenic effects. In addition, femur, tibia and fourth or fifth lumbar vertebrae (L4 or L5) wet, dry and ash weights, mineral density (BMD), bone strength (failure load), serum osteocalcin and bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) contents, histological and histomorphometrical analyses - bone mass and structure with bone resorption, were monitored for anti-osteoporosis activity. Results: As a result of OVX, noticeable increases of body weight and gains, food and water consumption, weights of abdominal fat pad deposited in dorsal abdominal cavity, serum osteocalcin levels were demonstrated in this experiment with decrease of uterus, femur, tibia and L5 weights, serum bALP and estradiol levels. In addition, marked hypertrophic changes of adipocytes located in deposited abdominal fat pads, uterine disused atrophic changes, decreases of bone mass and structures of femur, tibia and L4 were also observed in OVX control rats with dramatic increases of bone resorption markers, the Ocn and OS/BS at histopathological and histomorphometrical analysis in this study as compared with sham-operated control rats, suggesting the estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms - obese and osteoporosis were induced by OVX, respectively. However, these estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms induced by bilateral OVX in rats were significantly inhibited by 84 days of continuous oral treatment of GGOT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, respectively. Especially, GGOT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg showed clear dose-dependent inhibitory activities on the OVX-induced climacterium signs. Conclusion: The results suggest that oral administration of GGOT 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg has clear dose-dependent favorable anti-climacterium effects - estrogenic, anti-obese and anti-osteoporotic activities in OVX rats in this experiment.

A Study on the Bioavailability of Organic Ca in Growing Rats (성장기 흰쥐에서 유기태 칼슘의 체내 이용성 연구)

  • Park, Mi-Na;Cho, Su-Jung;Kim, Hee-Kyong;Kim, Jae-Hong;Kim, Min-Ho;Kim, Wan-Sik;Lee, Yeon-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2012
  • We evaluated the bioavailability of a novel organic Ca supplement chelated with milk protein (CaMP) in growing rats and compared it with those of Ca carbonate and Ca citrate. Four-week-old male rats were divided into six groups (n=6/group) and fed AIN-93G-based experimental diets containing three Ca sources, Ca carbonate, Ca citrate, and CaMP at two levels, normal (0.5%, w/w) and high (1.5%, w/w), for 6 weeks. Growth, mineral contents of serum, Ca content and breaking force of femur, and Ca absorption were measured. There were no significant differences in weight gain or food intake, but food efficiency ratio (FER) of CaMP in the high Ca group was higher than those of other groups. Ca and P concentrations in serum were within normal range in all experimental rats. There was no difference in Ca content of the femur among all of the groups. Although there was no statistical significance in bone breaking force of the femur among the groups, the CaMP groups had a higher breaking force compared to other groups. Further, Ca absorption rate significantly increased in the CaMP groups (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that the CaMP supplement did not exhibit any negative effect on growth or Ca metabolism of the rats. Therefore, CaMP can be recommended as a good Ca supplement with regard to bone metabolism and Ca bioavailability.

Time Cource Variation of Metatarsus Mineral Content after UV Exposure to Dorsal Skin of Broiler Chicks (브로일러 병아리의 등 피부에 자외선 조사후 중족골 무기물 함량의 경시적 변화)

  • 장윤환;강훈석;김강수;원지웅
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.35-45
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    • 1992
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different dose of 312nm UV irradiation on ash and phosphorus contents in metatarsus of broiler chicks, whose dorsal skins were exposed to the UV light. Day old Hubbard line broiler chicks were fed with vitamin D deficient diet for 3 weeks and the defeathered dorsal skins were exposed to different dise (0.32, 0.65, or 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$) of 312nm UV light. The metatarsus bones were collected on 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days after irradiation and defatted, dried, ashed and dissolved in 6N-HCI. The P concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry. When the 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ dose was applied, the ash contents in metatarsus bones o( chicks were 42, 46 and 40% on 0, 1 and 3 days after irradiation, respectively. The maximum level, 46% was appeared at 2 days after exposure as 0.65 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was treated. When 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ irradiation was applied, the high concentrations, 47 and 47% were shown on 1 and 2 days after irradiation, respectively. The 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ among three levels of dose increased the most amount of ash in metatarsus bone. In respect to the P content in the chick bone the increased level, 19.4% was shown on 3 days after UV treatment with 0.32 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The maximum levels, 18.1 and 20.0% were present on 3 and 2 days after exposure to the 0.65 and 0.98 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of UV dose, respectively. It was shown that the higher dose of UV irradiation increased the more P concentration in matatarsus of chicks and the production rate was faster than those from 0.32 and 0.65 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ treatments.

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Nutritional Characteristics of Water Extract from Kangaroo Tail. (캥거루 꼬리의 영양학적 특성)

  • Ha, Soon-Ok;Park, In-Hye;Lee, Yong-Seok;Kim, Jae-Kyu;Chung, Soo-Yeol;Choi, Yong-Lark
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.958-962
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    • 2008
  • To get the nutritional data of hot water extract from imported kangaroo tails, research was done about contents of collagen, chondroitin sulfate, protein, fat, mineral ions, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in tails. Collagen content of sulfuric acid digested sample was way higher at bones than meats in both kangaroo tail and cow tail. Comparing kangaroo tail and cow tail, meat of kangaroo tail have 1.7 times higher collagen content than that of cow tail. Content of collagen in bone parts of kangaroo tail was also higher 1.2 times than that of cow tail. Meat sample of kangaroo tail (liquid extraction) have 1.3 times higher content of muco-polysaccharide than that of cow tail. In the born part, kangaroo tail was 2.4 times higher than cow tail in its content of muco-polysaccharide. The CLA content of the kangaroo tail showed the content that was higher than 0.9% of the cow tail for 4.9% and showed about 5.3 times high ratios. Especially in kangaroo tail, a band with high content of CLA was found between C18:1 and C18:2.