• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the effect of isoflavone on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in growing male rats. Twenty male, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to groups, that underwent 9 weeks of experi-ental treatment. Animals were assigned to one of two diet groups (casein group or casein supplemented with isoflavones). During 9 week of the study, food consumption was determined every other day through the measurement of total food given subtracting the food uneaten from original amount given. Rats in two experimental groups had similar initial body weights. At the end of experiment, however, the casein group had significantly greater body weights compared to casein supplemented with isoflavones group. It was also observed that the casein group had greater food intake comared to casein supplemented with isoflavones group. The difference in the final body weights of the groups was therefore due to difference in amount of food ingested, but could be due to the effect of isoflavones. Total BMD, spine BMD, and spine BMC per weight and femoral BMD per weight were significantly greater in casein supplemented with isolaones group than casein group. ALP and osteocalcin were significantly greater in the casein-fed group. Crosslink value was significantly lower in the casein supplemented with isoflavones group, All other variables were statistically similar between two groups. Overall, it can be concluded that casein supplemented with isoflavones beneficial for acquisition of bone mineral density and content on growing male rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine whether soybean protein isolate with rich isoflavones which was the same amount as used for earlier study prevents bone induced by ovarian hormone deficiency. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 210 $\pm$ 5 g) were divided into two groups, ovariectomy (OVX) and sham surgery groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed casein and soybean protein isolate with rich isoflavones (isoflavones 3_4 mg/g protein). The diets were fed for 9 weeks after operation. The results of this study indicate that body weight gain and food intake were higher in OVX groups than in SHAM groups regardless of diets. Weight gain were higher in soy isolate groups than in casein groups. Serum Ca concentration was lower in OVX rats than in SHAM rats when fed casein diet. Within the OVX groups, serum Ca concentration was higher in rats fed soy isolate diet than in rats fed casein diet. Serum ALP were higher in OVX groups than in SHAM groups. Within the OVX, soy isolate groups, indices of serum osteocalcin, were a trend for greater than those of the OVX casein group. Crosslink value were increased in ovariectomy groups. Spine BMD and femur BMD of ovariectomy groups were significantly lower than SHAM groups. However, soy isolate with rich isoflavones group in ovariectomy groups, spine BMC and femur BMC were significantly increased after 9 weeks. In conclusion, the soy protein with rich isoflavones was beneficial for bone in ovareiectomized rats and the results were similar to the findings of our previous study which showed a beneficial effect on bone in growing rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of soy protein and soy isoflavones on bone and mineral density in young female Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifty eight rats (body Weight 75 $\pm$ 5 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups, consuming casein, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate (57 mg isoflavones/100 g diet) or casein added isoflavones (57 mg isoflavones /100 g diet). All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur on 3, 6, 9 weeks after feeding. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. Diet did not affect weight gain and mean food intake. Food efficiency ratio was lower In soy protein groups. The serum concentration of Ca and P were not changed by soy protein and isoflavones. Urinary Ca and P excretion were not significantly different. Spine BMD was significantly increased by soy protein isolate on 3 and 6 weeks after feeding. Femur BMD was significantly increased in the groups of soy protein isolate and isoflavones adding on after 9 weeks. Therefore, soy protein with rich isoflavones may be beneficial on spine and femur BMD increasement in growing female rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.409-413
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• 2002

성장기 수컷 흰쥐를 대상으로 콩단백질과 콩의 isoflavones의 함량이 골밀도 및 골함량에 미치는 효과를 알아본 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 식이 효율은 대조군인 casein군에 비하여 콩단백질군이 낮았다. 2) 단백질의 종류나 isoflavones의 유무에 따른 혈 중이나 뇨 중 Ca과 P의 함량에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 3) 체중 당 총골밀도는 두 군의 콩단백질군이 대조군 보다 높았고, 콩단백질 내에서는 isoflavones를 함유한 군이 더 높았다. 4) 체중 당 spine의 골밀도나 골함량은 두 군의 콩단백질군이 대조군 보다 높았고, 콩단백질 내에서는 골밀도는 isoflavones를 함유한 군이 유의적으로 더 높았다. 5) 체중 당 femur의 골밀도는 콩단백질군이 대조군 보다 높았고, 콩단백질 내에서는 isoflavones를 함유한 군이 더 높았으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 결론적으로 콩단백질은 체중당 총골함량이나 칼슘함량에 있어서 동물성 단백질인 casein 보다 유익하였고 특히 isoflavones를 함유한 콩단백질은 체중당 총골밀도와 spine 골밀도에서 isoflavones 함량이 낮은 콩단백질에 비하여 더 유익하여 콩단백질과 isoflavones은 성장기 수컷 흰쥐에서 골밀도 향상에 유익함을 확인하였다. 따라서 성장기에 콩의 섭취는 casein 단백질에 비하여 골밀도나 골함량을 높이는데 유익하며 특히 isoflavones를 함유한 콩의 섭취는 골밀도를 높이는데 더욱 유익하다고 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1997

목적 : 이중광자에너지 전산화단층촬영의 정량적골무기물함량(Dual-Energy Quantitative Computed Tomography, DEQCT)의 실험상수를 구하고, DEQCT에 의한 골무기물함량과 동물척추 해면골의 무기물함량과 일치하는지 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 조직의 CT 번호는 주어진 방사선에너지와 조직상분에 따른 방사선 감약계수의 함수로 얻게 되며, 빙사선감약은 에너지에 따라 달라지므로 본 연구는 CT에서 사용되고 있는 80과 $120kV_p$ X선에서 각 조직의 질량감약계수를 구하여 실험적으로 DEQCT에 의한 골무기물함량을 결정하였다. DEQCT에서 골무기물함량결정에 이용되는 실험상수들은 골등가물질의 표준시료 $K_2HPO_4$ 용액과 연부조직의 물 및 지방등가물질로 무수알코올을 이용하여 구하였다. 골무기물함량 비교는 실험적 상수결정에 의한 DEQCT와 제작회사의 DEQCT를 사용하여 각각 구하였으며, 동물척추해면골 시편의 재의 질량과 각각 비교하였다. 결과 : $80kV_p$에서 골둥가물질의 질량흡수계수는 0.5608, 물 0.2409과 지방등가 조직에서 $0.2206cm^2/g$을 얻었으며, $120kV_p$의 방사선에서는 0.3273, 0.2046 및 $0.1971cm^2/g$을 각각 얻었다. 골등가물질 $K_2HPO_4$ 표준시료를 80과 $120kV_p$ X선으로 스켄한 CT 번호를 이용하여 실험상수 $K_1$는 0.3232, $K_2$는 0.2450를 각각 얻펐다. 이중광자에너지에 의한 골무기물함량측정결과는 동물척추해면골 시편의 재의 질량을 골무기물함량으로 정한 값과 비교한 결과 잘 일치하였으며 상관계수 r=0.998을 보였다. 한편, 동물척추골시편의 골무기물에 대하여 CT에 탑재된 DEQCT에 의한 골무기함량의 비교 결과는 상관계수 r=0.996 을 보여 상호 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 결론 :이중광자에너지 전산화단층영상장친에 대한 조직등가물질의 실험적 질량감약계수에 의한 골무기물함량과 제작사의 DEQCT에 의한 정량적 골무기물함량이 실험적 골무기물함량과 잘 일치함을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

The potential therapeutic action of shikonin in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated. As a RA animal model, DBA/1J mice were immunized two times with type II collagen. After the second collagen immunization, mice were orally administered shikonin (2 mg/kg) once a day for 35 days, and the incidence, clinical score, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and joint histopathology were evaluated. BMD in the proximal regions of the tibia largely increased in the shikonin treatment group compared with the control group. We also examined the effect of shikonin on inflammatory cytokines and cartilage protection. Shikonin treatment significantly reduced the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), markedly abrogating joint swelling and cartilage destruction. Shikonin also significantly inhibited the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and up-regulated tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in mice with CIA. In conclusion, shikonin exerted therapeutic effects through regulation of MMP/TIMP; these results suggest that shikonin is an outstanding candidate as a cartilage protective medicine for RA.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.108-118
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• 1990

It is well known that the glucocorticoid suppresses the osteoblast and the calcitonin suppresses the osteoclast. If the calcitonin prevents the osteoporosis with increased Tc-99m MDP uptake in the long-term use of glucocorticoid, then the calcitonin has some activating effect on the bone formation. The immobilization operation was done on the left hind-leg of 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 300 g each. For 12 weeks after operation,8 rats were injected 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone, and the other 8 rats were injected 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone and $1\;\bar{u}/kg$ eel calcitonin. The bone mineral content was measured by the single photon absorptiometry and the Tc-99m MDP uptake was used as an index of the osteoblastic activity. 1) The Tc-99m MDP uptakes in the dexamethasone treated group were lower than those in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group, and there was no significant difference in Tc-99m MDP uptakes between the immobilized and normal femurs. 2) The bone mineral contents in the dexamethasone treated group were significantly lower than in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group, and the immobilized femurs had tower BMC than normal femurs. 3) The slope of regression between the BMC and Tc-99m MDP uptake was stiff in the dexamethasone treated group, and flat in the dexamethasone and calcitonin group, which shows discrepancy between the bone resorption and formation resulting prevention of net bone loss in the dexamethasone and calcitonin treated group. In conclusion, the calcitonin has some effect on the bone formation, and further studies with urinary hydroxyproline and cyclic AMP are expected.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2009

As far as we know, there were no studies of the effect of L-arginine on bone metabolism in post-menopausal women or ovariectomized rats. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether arginine supplementation was associated with alterations in femoral and spinal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, Ovx and sham groups, which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed control and arginine supplemented diet. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. Bone resorption was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co, Wisconsin, USA) in spine and femur. The serum and urine concentrations of Ca and P were determined. The plasma was analyzed for arginine. Diet did not affect weight gain, mean food intake, and plasma arginine concentration. Urinary Ca excretion was decreased by arginine supplementation in Ovx rats, but statistically not significant. The Ovx rats fed arginine-supplemented diet were not significantly different in ALP, osteocalcin, crosslinks value, PTH, calcitonin and IGF-1 compared to those fed control diet. The arginine-supplemented group had significantly higher serum Ca and growth hormone than control group. Spine and femur BMD were significantly increased by arginine supplementation on 5th and 9th weeks after feeding. Our findings indicate that dietary L-arginine supplementation decreased bone mineral density loss in Ovx rats. Therefore, dietary arginine supplementation may represent a potentially useful strategy for the management of osteoporosis.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2013

In this study, we examined the effects of organic types of calcium derived from oyster shell (OS-Ca) and nano-calcium (Nano-Ca) on the bio-availability and physiological responses associated with bone health in ovariectomised rats. Increased body weight, which is one of the physiological effects of ovary removal, was significantly recovered by Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05). The reduced calcium level in the liver in ovariectomised rat was increased significantly with OS-Ca and Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05), suggesting improved calcium bio-availability. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were analysed as biochemical markers of bone metabolism and health in the presence or absence of OSCa and Nano-Ca. ALP, osteocalcin, and DPD levels increased following ovary removal and tended to decrease after treatment with Nano-Ca, indicating that Nano-Ca induces favourable bone metabolism. This result was reflected in the recovery of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the femur after Nano-Ca treatment following ovary removal. Taken together, our data show that the tested calcium treatments, especially using Nano-Ca, enhanced the bioavailability or absorption of calcium and positively affected bone metabolism in ovariectomised rats.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

PET/CT에 사용되는 방사성의약품 FDG와 CT 조영제가 DXA를 이용하여 측정하는 BMC, BMD, TFM, LBM 등의 결과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 2011년 12월부터 2012년 3월까지 본원 PET/CT를 시행한 환자 중 본 연구에 참여를 동의한 환자 총 22명을 대상으로 하였다. 실험은 두 집단으로 나누어 실험을 진행하였는데 첫 번째 집단은 17명으로 PET/CT 용 방사성의약품인 FDG 정맥 주사 전에 WB DXA를 시행한 다음 FDG 정맥주사 1시간 후 CT 조영제 사용 없이 PET/CT (Non-Contrast Enhancement $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT)시행 후 즉시 다시 WB DXA를 진행하였다. 두 번째 집단은 총 5명으로 첫 번째 집단과 마찬가지로 FDG 정맥 주사 전 WB DXA를 시행한 다음 FDG 정맥 주사 1시간 후 CT 조영제 사용하여 PET/CT (Contrast Enhancement $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT)시행 후 즉시 다시 WB DXA 진행하였다. 결과는 PET/CT 전 후 DXA에서 WB-BMC, WB-BMD, TFM 그리고 LBM 등을 측정하였고 각 항목의 변화율을 산출하여 비교하였다. Non-Contrast Enhancement $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 전 후의 골밀도 및 체성분의 변화율은 WB-BMC, +2.4%; WB-BMD, +1.8%; TFM, -6.8%; LBM, +2.2%였고 각 항목의 변화는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. Contrast Enhancement $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 전 후의 변화율은 WB-BMC, +13.7%; WB-BMD, +9.3%; TFM, -34.1%; LBM, +13.6%였고 Contrast Enhancement $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT 전과 후의 골밀도 및 체성분 측정치의 변화는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구에서 Non-Contrast Enhancement $^{18}F$ PET/CT 후에는 DXA 시행은 결과에 영향이 없어 가능할 것이라 생각되어지나 Contrast Enhancement $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT검사 후에 시행한 DXA 검사의 결과는 신뢰도가 감소될 것으로 사료된다.