• 대한골대사학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.251-266
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• 2018

Background: The causal networks among genes that are commonly expressed in osteoblasts and during bone metastasis (BM) of breast cancer (BC) are not well understood. Here, we developed a machine learning method to obtain a plausible causal network of genes that are commonly expressed during BM and in osteoblasts in BC. Methods: We selected BC genes that are commonly expressed during BM and in osteoblasts from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Bayesian Network Inference with Java Objects (Banjo) was used to obtain the Bayesian network. Genes registered as BC related genes were included as candidate genes in the implementation of Banjo. Next, we obtained the Bayesian structure and assessed the prediction rate for BM, conditional independence among nodes, and causality among nodes. Furthermore, we reported the maximum relative risks (RRs) of combined gene expression of the genes in the model. Results: We mechanistically identified 33 significantly related and plausibly involved genes in the development of BC BM. Further model evaluations showed that 16 genes were enough for a model to be statistically significant in terms of maximum likelihood of the causal Bayesian networks (CBNs) and for correct prediction of BM of BC. Maximum RRs of combined gene expression patterns showed that the expression levels of UBIAD1, HEBP1, BTNL8, TSPO, PSAT1, and ZFP36L2 significantly affected development of BM from BC. Conclusions: The CBN structure can be used as a reasonable inference network for accurately predicting BM in BC.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2024

고령의 환자에서 척추에 단일 병소의 병변을 만나게 되면 골전이를 가장 먼저 염두하게 된다. 골전이는 어느 부위든 가능하지만 척추체에서 가장 많이 발생한다. 그러나 항상 골전이에 전형적인 영상 소견을 보이지 않을 수도 있고 단일 병소로 발견하게 되면 다른 모방하는 병변과 감별이 어려울 수 있다. 그러면 원발암의 진단 및 치료가 늦어지게 된다. 본 종설에서는 골전이의 영상검사 및 임상지침에 대해서 살펴보고 골전이 외에도 고령 환자에서 척추에 단일 병소로 생길 수 있는 다양한 질환들의 영상 소견 및 감별 포인트에 대해서 알아보고자 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.386-389
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• 2001

An endobronchial metastasis is defined as a subsegmental or a more proximal central bronchial metastasis of a nonpulmonary neoplasm in the bronchoscopically visible range. However, the frequencies of endobronchial metastasis range from 2 to 50% of pulmonary metastases from extrathoracic neoplasms by a different definition of an endobronchial metastasis. Primary neoplasms of an endobronchial metastasis including breast cancer, colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and ovarian cancer are relatively common. However, an endobronchial metastasis arising from thyroid cancer, parotid gland tumor, bone tumor, bladder cancer, and stomach cancer has only rarely been reported in the literature. Here we report a case of an endobrochial metastases from a hepatocellular carcinoma.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.433-435
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• 2000

A 6000-year-old male with carcinoma of the prostate and cerebral infarction underwent a Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy for the evaluation of skeletal metastases. Bone scintigraphy (Fig. 1) showed multiple areas of increased uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the skull, spine, and ribs representing skeletal metastases. Two different patterns of uptake occurred in the skull region (Fig. 1A-C); one represents bony metastasis and the ether represents cerebral infarction. The shape, size, location, intensity, and border of the increased uptake differed between the two lesions. An oval-shaped pattern with smaller size, greater intensity and more sharply defined border in the frontal region was consistent with bony metastasis. A rectangular-shaped pattern with larger size, lesser intensity and relatively indistinct border in the temporo-parieto-occipital region was consistent with cerebral infarction. Increased uptake of bone-seeking radiotracers in cerebral infarction has been reported previously.$^{1-4)}$ A suggested mechanism by which bone-seeking radiotracers accumulate in the necrotizing cerebral tissue is an alteration of the blood-brain barrier induced during cerebral infarction, which results in entry of the radiotracers into the extracellular space of the brain.$^{4)}$ Brain CT (Fig. 2) performed 7 days before and one month after the bone scintigraphy revealed lesions on the right temporo-parieto-occipital region consistent with acute hemorrhagic and chronic cerebral infarction, respectively.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2014

우측 유방암이 확진된 66세 여자 환자에서 얻은 수술 전 유방 자기공명영상에서 우측 유방에 약 1.9 cm크기의 조영증강되는 종괴가 보이고, 임파절 전이는 보이지 않아 임상병기는 cT1N0M0 였다. 동시에 좌측 늑흉쇄 부위에 T1-강조영상에서 저신호강도로 보이는 골경화성 변화가, T2-강조영상에서 약간의 골수 신호증가가 보이고, 골스캔에서 강한 신호를 보여 골전이의 가능성을 완전히 배제할 수 없었다. 그러나 조기유방암에서 골전이가 흔하지 않고, 늑흉쇄 부위는 골전이의 일반적인 위치가 아니기 때문에 SAPHO 증후군과 같은 다른 가능성을 염두해 두었다. SAPHO증후군은 축상 혹은 사지의 골염 (osteitis)과 골비대증 (hyperostosis)이 주로 늑흉쇄부위에 오는 경우 의심해 볼 수 있으며 피부병 (dermatosis)이 동반될 경우 좀더 쉽게 진단내릴 수 있다. 늑흉쇄 부위는 유방 자기공명영상에 포함되기 때문에 이 부위에 이상소견이 보이는 경우 골전이와 함께 SAPHO 증후군의 가능성을 생각해 보아야 한다. SAPHO증후군은 특별한 치료가 필요없는 양성의 경로를 보이는 질환이므로 골전이와의 감별은 중요하며 확진을 위해 조직검사를 시행할 수 있다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 1997

We have experienced 5 cases of unusual well differentiated thyroid carcinoma with insular component during the past 5 years. 4 cases were presented with cervical masses but I case (patient 2.) was initiallty with lung and brain metastasis. The tumors from 4 cases showed invasive growths but that of 1 cases(patient 1.) showed intrathyroidal. Total thyroidectomy and cervical lymphnode dissection(CCND or RND) was performed in 4 cases but only RND was performed in spite of mediastinal metastasis of the tumor in patient 5 under the patient's choice. During the follow-up period, we also performed radical nephrectomy and metastatectomy for the kidney and iliac bone metastasis respectively, in patint 2. Microcsopically, the tumors showed the insular growth patterns, focally(less than 50%) in 3 cases and predominantly(more than 75%) in 2 cases. And the insular componentas were combined with papillary carcinoma in 2 cases and follicular carcinoma in 3 cases. Cervical lymphnode metastases were confirmed in 4 cases. Patient 2 died of disease with metastases to lung, brain, bone and kidney, 52 months after initial therapy. Patient 1, 3 and 4 are alive and have no recurrence and distant metastasis. Patient 5 is also alive with the mediastinal metastasis. In our experience, the well differentiated thyroid carcinomas with insular component showed characteristic histologic features, aggressive behavior in initial presentation and unfavorable prognosis regardless of the percentage of the insular component.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2007

A 60 years old female patient presented with $8{\times}6\;cm$ sized painless oval mass in the left parietal region. She had left lobectomy of thyroid gland 10 years ago. Cranial CT, MRI, FGD PET-CT showed a solid mass which invaded left parietal bone. After embolization, craniectomy with tumor excision was performed. Histological examination revealed metastatic follicular cancer originated thyroid gland, with vascular and dura invasion. Postoperatively, neck CT showed right thyroid multiple nodules and right level III multiple lymph node enlargement. Thyroid function test was normal, but level of thyroglobulin was high (72ng/ml). So she had right lobectomy of thyroid gland with lymph node dissection under a diagnosis of follicular carcinoma. But histological examination revealed adenomatous hyperplasia and not lymph node metastasis. After operation, she received radioiodine therapy of 150mCi and then the level of thyroglobulin normalized (8.4ng/ml). The patient is under follow-up since she had operation 4 months ago.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.112-115
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• 2005

저자들은 8세 남아에서 교통사고 후 우연히 발견된 혈흉과 복부 종물의 진단 과정에서 확진된 폐 및 골 전이를 동반한 후복강 내 신외 윌름 종양 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2014

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The most common sites of metastasis include the bone, lymph nodes, lung, liver, pleura, and adrenal glands, whereas metastatic prostate cancer involving the gastrointestinal tract has been rarely reported. A 64-year-old African-American man with a history of prostate cancer presented with anemia. He reported the passing of dark colored stools but denied hematemesis or hematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed circumferential nodularity, and histology demonstrated metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed hypertrophic folds in the gastric fundus, and microscopic examination revealed tumor cells positive for prostate-specific antigen. Bone scanning and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis did not show metastasis. It is crucial to distinguish primary gastrointestinal cancer from metastatic lesions, especially in patients with a history of cancer at another site, for appropriate management.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2003

포상 연부 육종(Alveolar soft part sarcoma)은 성인에서 하지 대퇴부, 소아에서 두경부에 주로 발생한 것으로 알려져 있고, 비교적 천천히 성장함에도 불구하고 전이된 후에 발견된 경우가 많아 예후는 좋지 않은 매우 드문 종양이다. 조직학적으로 가포상(pseudoalveolar pattern)의 종양 세포들이 특징적으로 관찰되며 폐, 뇌, 골격 순으로 전이된다. 저자들은 비교적 드문 부위인 골반골에서 발생해 뇌에 전이된 1예와 하퇴부에 원발성으로 발생한 1예에 대한 치료를 경험하였기에 그 희귀성에 비추어 문헌과 함께 보고하고자 한다.