• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.429-443
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine 1) the bone-regenerative effect of porcine bone block materials with or without collagen matrix incorporation, 2) the effect of a collagen barrier, and 3) the effect of adding recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to the experimental groups. Methods: Four treatment modalities were applied to rabbit calvaria: 1) deproteinized bovine bone mineral blocks (DBBM), 2) porcine bone blocks with collagen matrix incorporation (PBC), 3) porcine bone blocks alone without collagen matrix incorporation (PB), and 4) PBC blocks covered by a collagen membrane (PBC+M). The experiments were repeated with the addition of rhBMP-2. The animals were sacrificed after either 2 or 12 weeks of healing. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histologic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: Micro-CT indicated adequate volume stability in all block materials. Histologically, the addition of rhBMP-2 increased the amount of newly formed bone (NB) in all the blocks. At 2 weeks, minimal differences were noted among the NB of groups with or without rhBMP-2. At 12 weeks, the PBC+M group with rhBMP-2 presented the greatest NB (P<0.05 vs. the DBBM group with rhBMP-2), and the PBC and PB groups had greater NB than the DBBM group (P>0.05 without rhBMP-2, P<0.05 with rhBMP-2). Conclusions: The addition of rhBMP-2 enhanced NB formation in vertical augmentation using bone blocks, and a collagen barrier may augment the effect of rhBMP-2.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1996

We investigated the effect of deep-freezed, boiled and autoclaved autogenous long bone graft on the incorporation of the radial diaphyseal reconstruction in 30 rabbits by radiogram and histology for 8 weeks. Immediate histologic changes of 1cm of resected long bone treated by deep freezing, boiling and autoclaving in each 2 rabbits were also observed as control. Resected, boiled ($95^{\circ}C$ for 5 min.) and reimplanted bone was compared with resected, autoclaved ($131^{\circ}C$ for 5 min.) and reimplanted bone, and resected, deep freezed with liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes and thawing in saline and reimplanted bone in the reconstruction of bilateral radial defects in each of 8, and in total 24 adult rabbits. The results were as follows : 1. Immediate histologic changes showed that intracortical osteocytes in lacunae were partially necrotized and the cortex were faintly stained with they Masson trichrome stain in both boiled and deep freezed groups, while they completely necrotized and their cortex stained more weakly with Masson trichrome stain in autoclaved group which means less amount of collagen and protein in cortex of long bone. 2. Radiographies at 8 weeks showed complete union with more marked incorporation and external callus formation in all boiled and freezed groups, whereas there was delayed union in four of sixteen (25%) in autoclaved group. Histologically, at 8 weeks after boiled and freezed, more intense incorporation with new bone formation and neovascularization were observed, whereas transverse clefts consisted with delayed union in 4 cases of autoclaved group (25%) were observed at osteotomy site. Through these studies, the boilod and deeply freezed bones acted as an osteoinductive material as well as osteoconductive, but the autoclaved bone only as osteoconductive. Though boilod and deeply freezed bone showed higher osteogenic potentials than autoclaved bone, the necrotizing effect on cortical and boiled bone was inferior to that of autoclaved. Thus the deeply freezed bone can be used for the treatment of aggressive benign or less malignant bone tumor not involving cortical bone, but the autoclaved bone supplemented with bone graft for the treatment of malignant bone tumor involving cortex of long bone.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

Bones are dynamic structures, being supported by muscles, tendons, and ligaments. When some or all the structures are disturbed i.e. in fractures, the alignment of the bone in respect to the rest of the body is deranged. This gives rise to axial as well as rotational deformity in three dimensional planes. The correct alignment and position of the long bones are to be maintained to heal the bone in the best possible anatomical and functional position. The objective of this research is to address the problems in the current practice involving surgeon, assistant, fluoroscopy and crude mechanical means and to see if a robotic solution exists to solve the problems of manipulating and reducing long bone fractures. This paper presents various design aspects of the proposed surgeon-instructed, image-guided and robotic system including the system design specification, robot design and analysis, motion control and implementation, and x-ray image processing and incorporation in CAD environment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.189-191
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• 2001

Objective : The objective of this study was to determine which forms of iliac cancellous bone grafts better restore alveolar clefts. Study design : Forty consecutive patients who required a unilateral alveolar cleft graft were studied. Group I (20 patients) had reconstruction with iliac cancellous particulate bone grafts and group II (20 patients) had reconstruction with iliac cancellous block bone grafts. The two groups were evaluated radiographically and clinically. Results : The group with the block bone grafts showed less postoperative problems and better incorporation of the bone graft than the group with the particulate grafts. Conclusion : Surgical reconstruction of alveolar process defects in patients with alveolar cleft using iliac cancellous block bone is a more reliable method than particulate bone grafts both for closing the oronasal fistula and for building interalveolar septal height.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 2019

Objectives: To analyze the radiologic results of patients treated with bone defects treated with beta-tricalcium phostphate (β-TCP) in orthopedic surgery. Methods: Medical records of 49 patients, consisting of 24 (49.0%) men and 25 (51.0%) women were retrospectively reviewed. Graft incorporation was evaluated based on Irwin's radiologic staging. Results: The explanatory power of the total regression equation in Irwin's stage at 3 months postoperatively according to three explanatory variables, namely graft tightness, age at diagnosis, and lesion volume, was 65.6%; the explanatory power of Irwin's stage at 6 months postoperatively according to two variables, namely lesion volume and graft tightness, was 32.9%; and the explanatory power of Irwin's stage at 9 months postoperatively for two variables, namely longitudinal lesion length and graft tightness in the total regression, was 30.8%. Conclusions: Graft tightness, lesion volume, age at diagnosis, and longitudinal lesion length are the common factors affecting graft incorporation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.495-511
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• 1996

To investigate the effectiveness of the freeze-dried allografts and fibrin glue in bone grafts, the status of new bone formation and union of the grafted bone were observed in three types of grafting bones; autogenic bone(AT), allogenic bone(AL), and allogenic bone particles mixed with fibrin glue(FG). These were transplanted into non-union fracture model of 7 adult dogs with 2cm defect made in the proximal metaphysis of both fibulae. The autogenic and allogenic grafting bones had been treated by a modified freeze-dried method. The serial radiogram were observed the repair process of grafted bones biweekly until 17 or 21 weeks after transplantation and the observation of histological aspects, tetracycline double labeling and microradiography in the grafted bones were undertaken at 17 or 21 weeks after transplantation. The incorporation of bone minerals to the non-union fracture models were accomplished in 4 of 5 cases grafted with AL and in 2 of 4 cases grafted with AT. None of 5 cases grafted with FG were incorporated. The process of new bone formation and resorption in the grafted bones were observed three types; resorption of the grafted bones after newbone formation(type A) in 4 cases, new bone formation after resorption(type B) in 2 cases and complete or incomplete resorption without new bone formation(type C) in 8 cases. The modified freeze-dried method used in this study contributed to inhibite the rejection in allogenic grafts but the union period of the grafted freeze-dried bone was more prolonged than that of fresh autografts. Fibrin glue did not contribute to induce a new bone formation ofbone grafts.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.442-449
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• 1998

Freeze-dried cortical bones of the goat were transplanted to the experimental fibular defect of 10 dogs for valuating the possibility of xenogeneic bone implantation and the specificity of BM(Bone Morphogenetic Protein). The . freeze-dried cortical bone eliminated antigens and defatted with chloroform and methanol were freeze-dried at $-80{\circ}C$ for preservation of BMP and then sterilized with 50 gas and storaged in room temperature. Ten freeze-dried cortical implants of the goat were transplanted in experimentally defected regions of bilateral fibula of 5 dogs in clinically normal. The transplanted region had been radiographed for observing state of bone union and BALPOone Alkaline Phosphatase) in the serum of the host was measured for valuating activity of oteoblast per 2 week-interval after transplant procedures. New bone formation had been observed early in one of ten regions around implants about the same time as autoimplant regions. It was incorporated with its host bone during 4-12 weeks after transplantation. In another 2 cases of 2 dogs, new bone formation and absorption of implant had been observed from 4 weeks but they were not incorporated completely until 20 weeks. The rest of the freeze-dried bone implants, 7 cases of 4 dogs had not been observed new bone formation nor absorption of implants. The freeze-drying method for implants means to not influence bone incorporation. Although less of union percentages the union form of this experiment were similar to alloimplantation and it may mean to block immunity reaction that disturbs the bone induction by BMP. It demonsknted that the possibility of the xenogenous bone implantation is recognized by reason of the low specificity of BMP between goat and dog.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1982

Potential toxicity of 15 medicinal plants used for herbal drugs, which were also described as being tonic for hematopoietic system or being toxic for the system in a oriental book 'Dong Ee Bo Gam', were evaluated in mice. Six plants among 15 plants tested appeared to exhibit acute toxicity along with bone marrow depression or with abnormally enhancing the $^3H-thymidine$ incorporation into DNA biosynthesis in bone marrow cells. Six plants were Paeonia albiflora, Pharbitis nil, Cemphalia lapidescens, Scutellaria baicalensis, Akebia quinata and Glycyrriza uralensis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.34.1-34.8
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• 2018

Background: Radiation therapy is widely employed in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Adverse effects of therapeutic irradiation include delayed bone healing after dental extraction or impaired bone regeneration at the irradiated bony defect. Development of a reliable experimental model may be beneficial to study tissue regeneration in the irradiated field. The current study aimed to develop a relevant animal model of post-radiation cranial bone defect. Methods: A lead shielding block was designed for selective external irradiation of the mouse calvaria. Critical-size calvarial defect was created 2 weeks after the irradiation. The defect was filled with a collagen scaffold, with or without incorporation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) (1 ㎍/ml). The non-irradiated mice treated with or without BMP-2-included scaffold served as control. Four weeks after the surgery, the specimens were harvested and the degree of bone formation was evaluated by histological and radiographical examinations. Results: BMP-2-treated scaffold yielded significant bone regeneration in the mice calvarial defects. However, a single fraction of external irradiation was observed to eliminate the bone regeneration capacity of the BMP-2-incorporated scaffold without influencing the survival of the animals. Conclusion: The current study established an efficient model for post-radiation cranial bone regeneration and can be applied for evaluating the robust bone formation system using various chemokines or agents in unfavorable, demanding radiation-related bone defect models.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.295-301
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• 1994

The movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment requires bone remodeling process in periodontal tissue. To find out the changes occuring in the cell itself, mechanical force was applied to the cultured periodontal ligament cells. Following results were obtained from measuring the changes in cyclic AMP and $PGE_2$, $^3H$-thymidine incorporation amount in time lapse after application of mechanical force. 1. When mechanical force was applied to cultured PDL cells, the amount of cAMP in cells were increased significantly after 15 min. of force application, but were decreased gradually as time lapsed. 2. When mechanical force was applied to cultured PDL cells, the amount of PGE2 were increased at 20,40,60 min. and was significantly increased at 20 min. 3. When mechanical force was applied to cultured PDL cells, the amount of $^3H$-thymidine incorporation was some increased, but was not statistically significant.