• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

This paper presents the development process for a bicycle monocoque frame using bolt fastening. Traditionally, bicycle frames have been constructed with metal tubes joined at their ends by welding. These frames have been brazed or soldered onto metal lugs, forming the frame. Because stress loads become greatest at the joint of the bicycle tube frame, joint construction strongly influences frame design and construction. To avoid the inherent problems of material discontinuity at frame joints, numerous designers have attempted to reduce or eliminate the number of joints in tube frames. Nevertheless, the manufacture of high quality, reliable, one-piece and jointless frames has proven difficult and expensive. In this study, a new monocoque frame adapted to a hybrid bike is proposed. The advantage of the monocoque frame, is theat is has a rechargeable battery system that is built into the frame; as a result, the emotional quality for the customer is improved. In order to estimate the design compatibility compared with that of tube frames, structural analysis is performed using finite element method. A prototype based on a modified design has also been made and stability testing has been carried out.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 지반등급 V중에서 막장자립이 곤란한 지반에 대해 지반고유의 지지력을 최대한 이용하기 위한 굴착공법 및 적정벤치길이에 대해 검토하고, 보조공법으로 막장볼트를 적용할 경우 타설 패턴, 타설 개수에 따라 막장 및 막장주변지반에 어떠한 영향이 발생되는지에 대해 3차원 FEM해석을 수행하였다. 보조벤치 병용전단면공법이 조기 단면폐합으로 변위를 크게 줄일 수 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 타설 패턴으로는 격자상, 교호배치형(지그재그형), 원주상순으로 변위억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 타설 개수 증가에 따라 막장축방향 수평변위에 대해 억제효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며 보조벤치 병용 전단면공법굴착시공의 경우 막장부 $1.5m^2$에 1개의 막장볼트(격자상) 타설로 막장면 안정성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.34-64
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• 1989

포장(包裝) 용적(容積) 감소에 따른 수송비(輸送費) 절감(節減) 효과(效果)가 있어 조립시(組立式) 탁자류(卓子類) 가구(家具)의 제작(製作)에 널리 쓰이는 CBA(corner block with anchor bolt) 접합방식(接合方式)은 일정기간(一定期間) 사용(使用)함에 따라 접합부위(接合部位)가 약해지고 그 결과(結果) 구조(構造)가 불안정(不安定)하게 되는 반강접합(半剛接合)(semi-rigid joint) 특유(特有)의 결점(缺點)도 지니고 있다. 따라서 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 CBA 접합(接合) 강도(强度)에 영향하는 주요(主要) 설계(設計) 인자(因子)로서 side rail 규격, corner block의 side rail에의 부착시(時) 보강재(補强材)의 효과(效果) 및 corner block관통 anchor bolt의 사용(使用) 수(數) 그리고 corner block의 형태등(等)의 평가(評價)를 하기 위해 22개(個)의 접합군(接合群) 별(別)로 총(總) 88개(個)의 table section 시험체(試驗體)를 제작(製作)한 후(後)그들의 강성(剛性) 계수(係數)(Z - 값) 및 유효강도(有效强度)를 수평 하중(荷重)에 의한 변형측정(變形測定) 실험(實驗)을 통해 결정(決定)한 후 설계(設計) 인자별(因子別) 효과(效果)를 비교 분석(分析)하였다. 분석결과(分析結果), side rail의 높이 증대(增大) 및 corner block 부착시(時) PVAc 수지(樹脂)의 사용효과(使用效果)가 뚜렷하여 유효강도(有效强度)의 유의적(有意的) 향상(向上)을 나타냈고 anchor bolt의 효과(效果) 역시 2개 사용시(使用時)가 1개 사용시(使用時) 보다 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또 side rail 높이 와 anchor bolt 사용(使用) 수(數)간에는 상호작용(相互作用) 효과(效果)도 있었다. 그러나 side rail의 두께 효과(效果)는 22mm에서 25mm로 증대(增大)시켰을때 뚜렷한 상승 경향(傾向)은 보여주지 못했다. 한편 corner block의 형태는 MDF를 주재료(主材料)로 사용(使用)한 탁자(卓子) 설계시(設計時)는 두께 25mm, 높이 100mm의 side rail에 PVAc 수지(樹脂)로 보강(補强)하고 mitered corner block에 2개(個)의 anchor bolt를 관통시킨 경우가 유효강도(有效强度) 3171.7 kgf-cm로 22개의 접태군(接台群)들 중 최대치(最大値)를 나타냄으로써 miter type이 rectangular type보다 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적(結論的)으로 자재(資材)의 효과적(效果的) 이용(利用)을 통한 생산비(生産費) 절감(節減)과 동시(同時)에 구조(構造)의 안정(安定)된 강도적(强度的) 측면(側面)을 고려할 때, 두께 22mm, 높이 75mm의 MDF side rail에 mitered corner block을 PVAc 수지(樹脂)와 나사못을 이용하여 부착한 후(後) 2개(個)의 anchor bolt를 관통시키는 방법(方法)을 가장 합리적(合理的)인 MDF 사용(使用) 조립시(組立式) 탁자(卓子) 설계(設計) 방안(方案)으로 제시(提示)하는 바이다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.603-606
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• 2006

We present a study on the development of a practical and quantitative technique for the assessment of the structural health condition with using piezoceramic(PZT) sensors. The electro-impedance-based technique with the PZT patches is very sensitive for evaluation of the incipient and small damage in a high frequency range, and however the commonly traditional modal analysis method is effective only for considerably larger damages in low frequency range. The paper presents the technique in detecting and characterizing real-time damage on the specimen that is an aluminum plate fastened with bolts and nuts by different torques and as well a plate with a crack. By using the special arrangement of the PZT sensors, the required longitudinal wave is generated through the specimen. A large number of experiments are conducted and the different conditions of the specimens, i.e. the location and extent of loosening bolts, and the plate with a crack are simulated. respectively. Since fixing and loosening the loosened bolt is controlled by a torque wrench, we can control exactly the experiment of the different torques. Compared with the simulated healthy condition, we can find whether or not there is a damage in the specimen with using an impedance analyzer with the PZT sensors. Several indices are discussed and used for assessing the different simulated damages. As for the location of bolt loosening, the RMSD is found to be the most appropriate index for numerical assessment and as well the RMSD shows strongly linear relationship for assessing the extent of the bolt loosening, and the frequency peak shift ${\Delta}F$ is used to assess the cracked plate. The possibility of repeatability of the pristine condition signatures is also presented and the appropriate frequency range and interval are uniquely selected through large numbers of experiments.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

터널 굴착은 응력해방을 발생시키기 때문에 연약한 지반에서의 터널 굴착 시에는 막장의 안정성 확보가 무엇보다도 중요한 사안으로 대두되고 있다. 이에 대한 대책 공법 중 굴착대상 막장면을 일정한 강성을 가진 강봉이나 유리섬유 파이프를 이용하여 선행 보강하는 페이스 볼트 공법이 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 페이스 볼트를 이용한 막장 보강공법의 적용성을 검토하기 위해 페이스 볼트 공법이 필요한 연약한 지반에서 타설 되는 볼트의 개수를 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100개의 6가지 Case와 길이를 0.5D (2가지), 1.0D, 1.5D, 2.0D의 5가지 Case에 관하여 $FLAC^{3D}$ Ver.2.1을 이용해 3차원 연속체 해석을 실시하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.613-620
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• 2009

The thermal stresses of a ceramic heat exchanger were analyzed numerically since the ceramic material is good in heat resistance but weak in the thermal stress. The analysis of thermal stress was conducted in the ceramic core with two boundary conditions depending on bolt jointing. The thermal stresses were computed by applying temperature and pressure distributions obtained from the numerical results of conjugate heat transfer to ANSYS WORKRBENCH. When number of bolt joining halls was reduced from $8\times2$ to $4\times2$, the maximum principal stresses decrease by 47.6~50.5% and increase in safety factors by 2.18~2.5 for ultimate tensile strength. Thus, it can be said that bolt joining halls should be minimized in ceramic heat exchanger to be efficient in reducing thermal stress. In addition, the width of particular gas flow passages were revised from 52 mm to 42 mm to reduce maximum thermal stresses since certain passages experienced high thermal stresses. From the revision, safety factors were increased by 13.8~14.1% for the boundary condition of $4\times2$ bolt joining halls. Therefore, it is suggested that thermal stress can be reduced by changing local geometry of a ceramic heat exchanger.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2021

This paper presents the robust design of each component used in the development of an induction bolt heating system for dismantling the high-temperature high-pressure casing heating bolts of turbines in power plants. The induction bolt heating system comprises seven assemblies, namely AC breaker, AC filter, inverter, transformer, work coil, cable, and CT/PT. For each of these assemblies, the various failure modes are identified by the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method, and the causes and effects of these failure modes are presented. In addition, the risk priority numbers are deduced for the individual parts. To ensure robust design, the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), switched-mode power supply (SMPS), C/T (adjusting current), capacitor, and coupling are selected. The IGBT is changed to a field-effect transistor (FET) to enhance the voltage applied to the induction heating system, and a dual-safety device is added to the SMPS. For C/T (adjusting current), the turns ratio is adjusted to ensure an appropriate amount of induced current. The capacitor is replaced by a product with heat resistance and durability; further, coupling with a water-resistant structure is improved such that the connecting parts are not easily destroyed. The ground connection is chosen for management priority.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권2_3호
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• pp.141-158
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• 2005

The new version of Code for Design of Steel Structures (GB50017-2003) and other design standards in China were released over the last two years. Comparing with the previous version (GBJ17-88), many clauses covering the connection design have been revised. A number of additional provisions are supplemented to specify the design requirements for beam-column moment connections, as well as gusset plates for truss joints. In this paper, a summary on the design rules on connections specified in the current Chinese code is presented, and relevant commentary and background information is provided whenever appropriate. The design criteria governing weld and bolt resistance is examined and reviewed. Moreover, several issues such as detailing requirements for stiffeners and end-plate connections are discussed.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제13권6호통권58호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대직경 고장력볼트 이음부의 안전성 및 경제성을 검토할 목적으로 F10T-M30 대직경 고장력볼트를 사용한 시험편을 대상으로 정적 인장시험을 실시하여 미끄러짐 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 유한요소해석을 실시하고 볼트의 강도등급 및 직경에 따른 소요볼트 개수를 산정하였다. 그 결과 M30 고장력볼트의 평균 미끄러짐 계수는 도로교설계기준의 기준인 0.4를 초과하며, M22 고장력볼트와 동등한 미끄러짐 성능을 확보하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고장력볼트의 강도등급 및 직경에 따른 경제성 분석을 실시한 결과, F10T-M22 고장력볼트를 기준으로 하여 F13T-M22 고장력볼트를 적용하면 소요볼트 개수가 21% 감소하며, F10T-M30 고장력볼트를 적용하면 46% 감소하는 것으로 나타나 고장력볼트의 대직 경화에 따른 경제성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.385-403
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• 2017

In recent years, the wind energy has played an increasingly important role in national energy sector of many countries. To harvest more electric power, the wind turbine (WT) tower structure becomes physically larger, which may cause more risks during long-term operation. Associated with the great development of WT projects, the number of accidents related to large-scaled WT has also been increased. Therefore, a structural health monitoring (SHM) system for WT structures is needed to ensure their safety and serviceability during operational time. The objective of this study is to develop a hybrid damage detection method for WT tower structures by measuring vibration and impedance responses. To achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. Firstly, a hybrid damage detection scheme which combines vibration-based and impedance-based methods is proposed as a sequential process in three stages. Secondly, a series of vibration and impedance tests are conducted on a lab-scaled model of the WT structure in which a set of bolt-loosening cases is simulated for the segmental joints. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed hybrid damage detection method is experimentally evaluated via its performance during the damage detection process in the tested model.