• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2001

동아정과를 만들 때 동아의 전처리 과정과 전처리된 동아에 당의 종류와 물의 양의 차이, 졸임시간 및 조리방법이 동아정과의 Texture에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 관능검사 결과 color는 전처리한 동아 300g, 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 495$m\ell$로 제조한 정과가 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. Flavor, Hardness, Chewiness는 전처리한 동아 300g, 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$와 설탕 70g으로 제조한 정과가 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. Adhesiveness는 전처리한 동아 300g, 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 515$m\ell$로 제조한 정과가 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. Sweetness는 전처리한 동아 300g, 물 600$m\ell$, 설탕 90g에 꿀 120g으로 제조한 정과가 가장 달다고 평가되었다. 전반적으로 바람직한 기호도는 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 70g을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 당도 74%의 정과가 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 2. 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 70g을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 정과의 최대절단력이 4753.8g으로 가장 높았다. 이 때 당은 74%였다. 당은 설탕과 꿀$\longrightarrow$물엿과 설탕$\longrightarrow$물엿으로 제조한 정과의 순으로 최대절단력이 높았다. 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p＜0.05). 3. 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 정과의 수분향량은 45.54%로 가장 많았다. 당은 물엿과 설탕$\longrightarrow$물엿$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀로 제조한 정과의 순으로 수분향량이 많았다. 4. 동아정과의 L값(Lightness)는 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 50g을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 군이 가장 밝았다. 전체적으로 물엿$\longrightarrow$1물엿과 설탕$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀로 제조한 정과의 순으로 L값이 높아 밝았다. a값(Redness)은 전처리한 동아 300g에 물1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 70g을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 군이 가장 높아 red에 가까웠고 전체적으로 물엿과 설탕$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀$\longrightarrow$물엿으로 제조한 정과의 순으로 red에 가까웠다. b값(Yellowness)은 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 군이 가장 높아 yellow에 가까웠고 전체적으로 물엿$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀$\longrightarrow$물엿과 설탕으로 제조한 정과의 순으로 yellow에 가까웠다. 5. 관능검사에서 단단하다고 평가된 정과가 색도에서 적색도가 높았다. 관능검사에서 색이 좋다고 평가된 정과가 색도에서 붉은 빛과 황색을 나타냈다. 관능검사의 단단한 정도(Hardness)와 씹힘성(Chewinwss)은 기계검사의 Texture인 최대절단력(Maximum cutting force)과 정의 상관관계를 보여 관능검사에서 단단함과 씹힘성이 높다고 평가된 정과가 기계검사에서 최대절단력이 높았다. 관능검사의 전반적으로 바람직한 정도(Overall quality)는 기계검사의 Texture와 정의 상관관계를, 수분향량(Moisture content)과는 부의 상관관계를 보여 최대절단력이 높고 수분함량이 낮을 수록 정과의 관능성이 좋았다. 이상의 연구를 통해 얻은 동아정과의 가장 바람직한 recipe는 동아 300g을 석회가루 20g에 48시간 재운 후 끓는 물에 2분 동안 데쳐 찬물에 1시간 담갔다가 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 70g, 물 1$\ell$를 5시간 동안 졸인 것이었다. 이 때 시럽의 당도는 74%였고, 절단력은 4753.8g이었다. 수분함량은 32%였다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제9권
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• pp.555-652
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• 1996

Up to the present the scholastic achievements in the history of the medical system have been rather scare despite its importance in the Korean History. Hence, this dissertation attempts to examine the significance of the institute in the Korean History, covering the period from the ancient times through the early Chosun-Dynasty. In the ancient times, the medical practice relied primarily upon human instincts and experiences at the same time, shaman's incantations were widely believed to cure diseases, the workings of evil spirits supposedly. For the period from the Old Chosun through Samhan(巫堂), Chinese refugees brought a long medical knowledge and skills of the continent. New Chinese medicine, traditional practices and incantations were generally used at this time. Medicine and the medical system were arranged by the period of the Three Countries(三國時代). No definite record concerning Koguryo remains now. As for Paekje, however, history shows that they set up the system under the Chinese influence, assigning medical posts such as Euibaksa(medical doctor), Chaeyaksa(pharmacist), and Jukeumsa(medicine man) within Yakbu(department of medicine). Scientifically advanced, they sent experts to Japan, giving a tremendous influence on the development of the science on ancient Japan. After the unification of the three countries, Shilla had their own system after the model of Dang(唐). This system of the Unified Shilla was continued down to Koryo and became the backbone of the future ones. In the ancient time religion and medicine were closely related. The curative function of the shaman was absolute. Buddhism played a notable part in medical practice, too, producing numerous medical monks. The medical system of Koryo followed the model of Dang with some borrowings from Song(宋). Sangyakkuk(尙藥局) was to deal exclusively with the diseases of the monarch whereas Taeeuigam(太醫監) was the central office to handle the national medical administration and the qualification test and education for doctors. In addition, Dongsodaebiwon(東西大悲院), Jewibo(濟危寶), and Hyeminkuk(惠民局) were public hospitals for the people, and a few aristocrats practiced medicine privately. In 987, the 6th year of Songjong(成宗), local medical operations were installed for curing the sick and educating medical students. Later Hyonjong(顯宗), established Yakjom(clinics, 藥店) throughout the country and officials were sent there to see patients. Foreign experts, mainly from Song, were invited frequently to deliver their advanced technology, and contributed to the great progress of the science in Korea. Medical officials were equipped with better land and salary than others, enjoying appropriate social respect. Koryo exchanged doctors, medicine and books mainly with Song, but also had substantial interrelations with Yuan(元), Ming(明), Kitan(契丹), Yojin(女眞), and Japan. Among them, however, Song was most influential to the development of medicine in Koryo. During Koryo Dynasty Buddhism, the national religion at the time, exercised bigger effect on medicine than in any other period. By conducting national ceremonies and public rituals to cure diseases, Taoism also affected the way people regarded illness. Curative shamanism was still in practice as well. These religious practices, however, were now engaged only when medication was already in use or when medicine could not held not help any more. The advanced medical system of Koryo were handed down to Chosun and served the basis for further progress. Hence, then played well the role to connect the ancient medicine and the modern one. The early Chosun followed and systemized the scientific and technical achievement in medicine during the Koryo Dynasty, and furthermore, founded the basis of the future developments. Especially the 70 years approximately from the reign of Sejong(世宗) to that of Songjong(成宗) withnessed a termendous progress in the field with the reestablishment of the medical system. The functions of the three medical institute Naeeuiwon(內醫院), Joneuigam(典醫監), Hyeminkuk(惠民局) were expanded. The second, particualy, not only systemized all the medical practices of the whole nation, but also grew and distributed domestic medicaments which had been continually developed since the late Koryo period. In addition, Hyeminso(惠民局, Hwarinwon(活人院)) and Jesaenwon(濟生院)(later merged to the first) played certain parts in the curing illness. Despite the active medical education in the capital and the country, the results were not substantial, for the aristocracy avoided the profession due to the social prejudice against technicians including medical docotors. During the early Chosun-Dynasty, the science was divided into Chimgueui (acupuncturist), Naryogeui(specialist in scrofula) and Chijongeui (specialist in boil). For the textbooks, those for the qualification exam were used, including several written by the natives. With the introduction on Neoconfucianism(性理學) which reinforced sexual segregation, female doctors appeared for the female patients who refused to be seen by male doctors. This system first appeared in 1406, the sixth year of Taejong(太宗), but finally set up during the reign of Sejong. As slaves to the offices, the lowest class, female doctors drew no respect. However, this is still significant in the aspect of women's participation in society. They were precedents of midwives. Medical officials were selected through the civil exam and a special test. Those who passed exams were given temporary jobs and took permanent posts later. At that time the test score, the work experience and the performance record of the prospective doctor were all taken into consideration, for it was a specialized office. Most doctors were given posts that changed every six months, and therefore had fewer chances for a goverment office than the aristocracy. At the beginning the social status of those in medicine was not that low, but with the prejudice gradully rising among the aristocracy, it became generally agreed to belong to the upper-middle technician class. Dealing with life, however, they received social respect and courtesy from the public. Sometimes they collected wealth with their skills. They kept improving techniques and finally came to take an important share in modernization process during the late Chosun-Dynasty.