• 한국노년학
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.551-567
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 독거여부와 거주지역에 따라 중년기와 노년기 남성과 여성의 악력에 차이가 있는지를 탐색하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 한국고령화연구패널 5차년도 자료를 활용하였다. 독립변수는 독거여부와 거주지역(도시, 비도시)이며, 종속변수는 악력이다. 통제변수로는 연령, 교육수준, 로그변환된 가구소득, 배우자 여부, BMI(Body Max Index), 주관적 건강, 우울감, 인지기능 수준, 흡연여부, 규칙적 운동여부, 친한 친구와 만나는 횟수, 참여하는 사회적 모임의 수가 모형에 포함되었다. 분석은 중년기 남성과 여성, 노년기 남성과 여성을 대상으로 각각 실시되었으며, 분산분석과 카이검증, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 통해 자료가 분석되었다. 회귀분석 이후 유의한 분석결과에 대한 구체적인 논의를 위해 독거여부와 거주지역의 상호작용항이 유의한 집단을 대상으로 분산분석과 카이검증이 추가적으로 실시되었다. 모든 분석에는 한국고령화연구패널의 5차년도 횡단 가중치가 적용되었다. 본 연구결과 노년기 여성들의 악력 평균이 악력의 이상치를 판별하는 절단점 점수와 유사한 것으로 나타나 노년기 여성들이 다른 생애주기나 노년기 남성들과 비교했을 때 악력과 관련하여 임상적 취약집단에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중년 남성과 노년기 남성, 노년기 여성에게서는 독거여부와 거주지역에 따른 악력 차이가 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 중년 여성들에게 있어서는 독거여부와 거주지역에 따른 악력 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 비도시 지역에 홀로 거주하는 독거 중년 여성이 다른 중년 여성들에 비해 평균적으로 가장 낮은 악력을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 추가적인 분석에 따르면 비도시 독거 중년 여성은 낮은 학력과 낮은 가구 소득 등 다른 중년 여성들에 비해 건강에 더 취약한 요인들을 많이 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 본 연구결과는 노년기 여성과 비도시에 홀로 거주하는 중년기 독거 여성들에게 악력과 관련된 개입이 필요함을 시사한다. 본 연구는 국가 전체를 대표하는 대표성 있는 패널자료를 사용하여 가중치를 적용한 분석을 통해 일반화 가능성을 높였다는 점에서 중노년기 악력과 관련한 정책적 대상자를 선정하는 것과 관련한 신뢰성 있는 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 의의가 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.1037-1041
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• 2006

목 적 : 소아에서 비만 유병률 증가와 함께 비알콜성 지방간염도 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 청소년에서 혈청 아미노 전이 효소 상승 빈도를 조사하고 체지방 분포 및 혈청 인슐린 농도와의 관계를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 3,636명을 대상으로 하였고 이들의 평균 연령은 $15.7{\pm}0.7$세였다. 대상자로부터 신장, 체중, 허리둘레, 둔위를 측정하고 혈액검사를 통하여 AST, ALT및 공복시 인슐린을 측정하였다. 비만 및 과체중군은 성별, 연령별 체질량지수와 비교하여 각각 95 백분위수 이상, 85-94 백분위수로 정의하였다. 결 과 : 비만군은 324명으로 8.9%였으며 과체중군은 414명(11.4%)이었다. 허리둘레와 둔위 및 허리-둔위비는 남녀학생 모두에서 각 군간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. ALT 평균치는 각 군간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(비만군 : $32.1{\pm}34.3U/L$, 과체중 : $19.6{\pm}13.6U/L$, 대조군 : $12.7{\pm}6.7U/L$, P<0.001). AST 평균치 또한 각 군별로 유의한 차이를 보였다(비만군 : $27.8{\pm}16.5U/L$, 과체중군 : $22.8{\pm}8.6U/L$, 대조군 : $20.8{\pm}8.5U/L$, P<0.001). AST 및 ALT는 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 둔위, 허리-둔위비 및 혈청 인슐린 농도와 각각 유의한 상관 관계를 가졌다. 다중회귀분석결과 여러 신체 계측치와 인슐린 농도 중에서 ALT와 유의한 상관 관계를 갖는 것은 허리둘레, 체질량지수, 인슐린 농도 였으며(r=0.435, P<0.001), AST에 영향을 주는 인자는 허리둘레였다(r=0.234, P<0.001). 결 론 : 비만군 및 과체중군에서 혈청 아미노 전이 효소 증가대상자의 비율이 의미 있게 증가되어 있었고 허리둘레는 AST 및 ALT 증가를 예측하는데 유용한 지표로 사용될 수 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.240-255
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• 2014

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제5기 골밀도 검진자 남자 2,692명, 여자 3,294명을 최종분석대상으로 골밀도와 그 관련요인을 분석하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 단변량 분석에서 골밀도에 유의한 차이를 보인 사회인구학적 특성은 성인 남자와 여자 모두 연령, 교육수준, 경제활동상태, 소득사분위수, 거주지였으며, 건강행위 및 건강관련 특성으로는 남자는 흡연, 음주, 비만, 총근육량, 격렬한 신체활동, 중등도 신체활동, 스트레스 인지율, 체중조절 노력, 수면시간, 여자는 음주, 비만, 총근육량, 격렬한 신체활동, 체중조절 노력, 수면시간이었다. 만성질환 특성에 따라서는 고혈압, 당뇨병, 류머티스관절염은 남녀 모두 질환이 없는 군의 골밀도가 유의하게 높았고, 고콜레스테롤혈증, 골관절염은 여자, 빈혈과 우울증은 남자에서 각각 유의한 차이가 있었으며 모두에서 질환이 없는 군의 골밀도가 높았다. 단변량 분석에서 골밀도에 유의한 차이가 있었던 식품섭취 특성으로는 남자와 여자 모두 단백질 섭취량, 칼슘 섭취량, 인 섭취량, 탄수화물 섭취량 비율, 단백질 섭취량 비율, 지방 섭취량 비율이었으며, 여성건강 특성으로는 경구 피임약 복용여부, 여성호르몬제 복용여부, 임신횟수, 폐경여부, 초경연령, 첫 출산연령이 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 다변량 분석 결과에서는 남자의 경우 총근육량이 많을수록, 체질량지수가 높을수록, 연령이 낮을수록, 초졸에 비해 대졸 이상, 허리둘레가 적을수록, 초졸에 비해 고졸, 체중조절 노력을 실천할수록, 중등도 신체활동을 실천하는 경우에 골밀도가 유의하게 높았으며, 성인 여자의 경우 연령이 낮을수록, 총근육량이 많을수록, 폐경 전일수록, 초졸에 비해 고졸, 체질량지수가 높을수록, 초졸에 비해 대졸이상, 중졸, 경제활동을 할수록, 초경 연령이 빠를수록, 여성호르몬제를 복용할수록, 지방 섭취량 비율이 권장량 범위 이상일수록, 체중조절 노력을 할수록, 격렬한 신체활동을 하는 경우의 골밀도가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과 성인 남자에서는 총근육량이, 성인 여자에서는 연령과 총근육량이 가장 중요한 골밀도 관련 요인으로 남녀 모두에서 수정 가능한 가장 중요한 요인은 총근육량이었다. 따라서 골다공증의 사전 예방 및 건강증진을 위해서는 성장기부터 지속적으로 최대 근육량 및 골양을 유지할 수 있도록 조기에 적극적인 교육과 중재를 실시하여야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4681-4688
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• 2016

Objective: Our aim was to estimate whether diabetes mellitus (DM) may be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality in Japan. Methods: The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study is a nationwide prospective study, initiated in 1988, which involves 110,585 subjects (age range: from 40 to 79 years; 46,395 males and 64,190 females). Our present analysis population comprised 96,081 (40,510 men and 55,571 women) who provided details on DM history. The questionnaire also included age, sex, weight, height, family history of CRC, smoking, drinking and exercise habits, and education. Cox proportional-hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR). We used SPSS 21 software to analyze all data. Results: Among the participants with DM, we followed up for 71,174 person-years and 640. deaths from CRC were confirmed; and, among the non-diabetic participants, 785 CRC deaths were identified during 1,499,324 person-years. After adjusting for multivariate confounding factors, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), family history of colorectal cancer, smoking habit, drinking habit, physical activity (sports and walking) and education, DM was associated with an increased risk of CRC death (HR 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-2.0). Diabetic women, but not diabetic men, experienced increased mortality from CRC (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-3.0). Conclusion: The risk of CRC mortality is significantly increased in both sexes and women with diabetes, but no significant increase was seen for diabetic men among Japanese.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2001

This study was designed to assess the iron nutritional status and anemia of high school students. 383 female subjects in Ulsan Metropolitan city were evaluated using a questionnaire, and a measurement of hematological indices. The average height and weight of the respondents were 161.24$\pm$4.90 cm and 53.12$\pm$6.37kg, repectively. The average BMI(body mass index) was 20.43$\pm$2.26 which was in the normal ramge. The average hemoglobin(Hb) concentration of the subjects was 13.14$\pm$0.97g/dl, and the average hematocrit(Hct) level was 40.84$\pm$17.40%. Transferrin saturation{TS(%)} was 20.86$\pm$10.32%, and the ferritin by Hct(＜36%), 27.2%by TS(＜14%),26.6% by ferritin(＜12 ng/ml). As for clinical symptoms, the greatest number of respondents reported that they experienced ‘decreased ability to concectrate’. Mean daily intakes of iron were 14.89$\pm$4.48 mg and heme iron intakes were 5.04$\pm$2.13 mg, which was 29.6% of total iron intake. The total iron binding capacity(TIBC) was negatively correlated with Hb concentration(r= -0.222, p＜0.01). Serum ferritin was positively correlated with Hb concentration(r= - 0.323, p＜0.05) and negatively correlated with TIBC(r= -0.367, p＜0.01). TS(%) was positively correlated with Hb concentration(r= 0.402, p＜0.01) and positively correlated with serum ferritin(r=0.413, p＜0.01). As for the correlation between blood biochemistry and clinical symptoms related to anemia, the Hb concentration was negatively correlated with ‘shortening of breath when going upstairs(p＞0.05)’ and ‘cold hands and feet’ significantly(r= -0.109, p＜0.05). The level of Mean corpuscular volume(MCV) was negatively correlated with ‘feel dizzy when standing up’,‘tired out easily’, and ‘decrease ability to concentrate’ significantly(p＜0.05). In particular, the level of Fe was negatively correlated with ‘shortening of breath when going upstairs’ and ‘feeling blue’ significantly(p＜0.01). These results suggest That the prevalence of iron deficiency of female high school students is very high, therefore guidelines for diet supports and nutrition education to improve their iron status should be provided.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soymilk and exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in underweight college women of 19-22 years of age, who had lower bone mass. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured for 52 underweight college women. Among them, 33 subjects, whose t-score value was below -1, were selected. Questionnaire survey, anthropometrical measurements, dietary recall, analysis of BMD, fasting serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were conducted before and after the 10 week study. The 33 subjects were divided into 2 groups： soymilk group (n=19), and soymilk ＋ exercise group (n=14). The soymilk group was given 400$m\ell$ soymilk containing 60mg of isoflavones on a daily basis and the soymilk ＋ exercise group exercised three times a week with a daily intake of 400$m\ell$ soymilk for 10 weeks. The average ages of the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group were 21.1 years and 20.4 years, respectively and, there were no significant differences between the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group in the areas of height, weight or Body Mass Index (BMI). At the baseline, the mean daily energy intake of the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group was 1,597.9kcal (79.43％ of RDA) and 1,704.2kcal (85.2％ of RDA), respectively. The mean calcium intake of the soymilk group (408.3mg) was not significantly different from that of the soymilk ＋ exercise group (389.4mg). Despite the 400$m\ell$ soymilk supplementation, there were no significant changes of nutrient intake in either group after treatment. However, there were significant increases in BMD's of lumbar spine and femoral neck in both groups. There were some increases in the serum osteocalcin level and decreases in the urinary deoxypyridinoline level as well. BMD change of the soymilk group was not significantly different from that of the soymilk ＋ exercise group. In conclusion, supplementary intake of soymilk (containing 60mg of isoflavones) resulted in a significant increase in the BMD's of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in underweight college women with low bone mass. However, exercise did not result in any significant changes in the BMD's, implying the necessity for more intensive and specific long-term physical training for any substantial changes. Further investigation is necessary to determine the exercise that most strongly affects BMD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 건강한 여대생 10명을 대상으로 하여 오리육에 농도를 달리한 울금을 첨가하여 섭취한 후 30분, 60분, 120분, 180분 후 혈액을 채취하여 울금 농도에 따른 혈중 지질농도의 변화를 살펴보았다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자는 병적 질환이 없고 신체조건이 한국인 기준에 해당되는 여대생 10명을 대상으로 하여 연구를 시행하였으며 대상자는 $159.6{\pm}2.6cm$, $51.3{\pm}3.5kg$이었으며, BMI는 $20.1{\pm}1.0$으로 정상 범위에 해당하였다. 공복시 혈당과 지질농도, GGT, GPT, GOT, CRP, 헤모글로빈 농도는 모두 정상 수준이었다. 2) 식후 혈중 포도당의 공복 시 혈당에 비해 증가된 ${\Delta}-AUC$값에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 3) 식후 혈중 총콜레스테롤은 울금 0.2%, 0.4% 첨가하였을 때 공복 시에 비한 ${\Delta}-AUC$값에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 4) 혈중 중성지방의 농도는 식후 90분 까지 0.4% 첨가군에서만 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 5) 식후 LDL의 공복 시에 비한 ${\Delta}-AUC$값은 울금 0.2%, 0.4% 첨가하였을 때 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 6) 식후 HDL의 공복 시에 비한 ${\Delta}-AUC$값은 울금 0.2%, 0.4% 첨가하였을 때 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 본 연구는 혈중 지질상태가 정상인 여대생을 대상으로한 인체실험으로 0.2% 이상의 울금 첨가가 고지방식인 훈제오리육가공품의 섭취 시 혈중 지질농도에 영향을 미치고 있음을 밝힌 연구로 그 의미가 있다 할 것이다. 그러나 이의 기전을 보다 명확히 제시할 수 있는 다양한 조건에서의 추후 연구가 필요하다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

Adrenergic receptors play a major role in thermogenesis and lipolysis in brown and visceral adipose tissues, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of $\beta$2-adrenergic receptor ($\beta$2AR) and $\beta$3-adrenergic receptor ($\beta$3AR) genotypes on hyperglycemia and obesity in the Korean population. A representative sample consisting of 530 Korean men and women were measured for height, weight, BMI, WHR, obesity index and body composition. The genotypes of $\beta$2AR polymorphism in codon 27 and $\beta$3AR polymorphism in codon 64 were analyzed by the PCR RFLP method. Serum concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were determined. The frequencies of $\beta$2AR and $\beta$3AR genotype were: both wild type, 62.5% ; only $\beta$2AR variant type, 12.8% ; only $\beta$3AR variant type, 18.8% ; and both variant type, 5.8% ; the frequency of E and R alleles were 0.098 and 0.137, respectively. Among the physiological parameters, fasting glucose level was significantly higher in subjects with both variant type compared with the three other types (p <0.05), Subjects with both variant type had 12%, 12% and 9.3% increases in serum glucose levels compared with wild type, only $\beta$2AR variant type, and only $\beta$3AR variant type, respectively. When logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the risk for hyperglycemia, the subjects were selected for fasting blood glucose concentrations of more than 6.105 m㏖/L (110 mg/dL), and the odds ratios were 1.215 (p=0.636) for only $\beta$2AR variant type,1.659 (p=0.089) for only $\beta$3AR variant type, and 3.078 (p=0.011) for both variant type. These results suggest that the interaction of $\beta$2AR and $\beta$3AR variant genotypes has a strong association with increased glucose levels, and might be a significant risk factor for hyperglycemia among Korean subjects.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2016

Objectives: To investigate the effect of a worksite-based dietary intervention program for the management of metabolic syndrome (MS) among male employees. Methods: A dietary intervention program combining individual and environmental approach was implemented targeting white-collar employees at a worksite located in Seoul for 10 weeks. Out of 104 employees having agreed to participate in the program, those having three or more out of five components of MS and having two components, including a waist circumference component were classified into "the high risk group" (n=41) and received group nutrition education and individual nutrition counseling three times each. The rest of the study subjects were considered as "the low risk group" (n=63). The food environment at the worksite, where both the high and low risk groups were exposed, was changed to promote healthy eating. Physical data including MS components were collected and a questionnaire on dietary behaviors was administered before and after the intervention. The data from the high risk group (n=17) and the low risk group (n=20), excluding the subjects ineligible for or failed to complete the study (n=67), were analyzed. The difference before and after intervention was tested for significance by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, and HbA1c and the healthy dietary practice score improved significantly after intervention in the high risk group. The median number of MS components decreased significantly from 3.0 to 1.0 in the high risk group. In the low risk group, only HbA1c significantly decreased. Conclusions: The 10-week worksite-based dietary intervention program combining individual and environmental approach was found to be effective for managing MS of male employees.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

This study was designed to assess the nutritional iron status and anemia of middle school girls. Three-hundred-fifty- three female subjects in Ulsan metropolitan city were evaluated using a questionnaire, and hematological indices. The average height and weight of the respondents were 157.19 $\pm$ 5.57 cm and 51.06 $\pm$ 9.42 kg respectively. The average Body Mass Index (BMI, $kg/m^2$) was 20.63 $\pm$ 3.23, which was within the normal range. With regard to clinical symptoms, the greatest number of respondents reported that they experienced 'decreased ability to concentrate'. The total caloric intake of each subject was 1743.28 $\pm$ 343.47 kcal(83.01% of the Korean RDA) and the calcium intake was 634.98 $\pm$ 201.43 mg (79.37% of the Korean RDh) . The mean daily intake of iron was 14.76 : 4.36 mg (92.25% of the Korean RDh) and the heme iron intake was 6.12 $\pm$ 2.30 mg, which was 41.5% of the total iron intake. The average hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of the subjects was 13.24 $\pm$ 1.01 g/dl, and the average hematocrit (Hct) level was 37.79 $\pm$ 4.10%. The transferrin saturation {TS (%)} was 19.41 $\pm$ 9.21%, and the ferritin level was 26.26 $\pm$ 18.60 ng/ml. The iron deficiency anemia among the subjects was estimated at 6.1% by using Hb (< 12 g/ml), 20.5% by using Hct (< 36%), 30.8% by using 75 (< 14%) , and 23.1% by using ferritin (< 12 ng/ml) The total iron binding capacity (TIBC) showed a negative correlation with the Hb, iron, ferritin and 75. With regard to the correlation between blood biochemistry and clinical symptoms related to anemia, the Hb concentration was negatively correlated with 'pale face'(p < 0.05) . In addition, the level of iron was significantly and negatively correlated with 'poor memory' (p<0.01) and the ferritin concentration was negatively correlated with 'no appetite '(p < 0.05) ,'pale face (p < 0.05) . These results suggest that the prevalence of iron deficiency among middle school girls is very high; therefore, guidelines on dietary support and nutritional education to improve their dietary iron status should be provided.