• 셀메드
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.8
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• 2020

Standardization of drug deals with confirmation of drug identity and determination of drug quality and purity. Unani herbal formulations are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Cancer is a disease which causes abnormal, uncontrolled growth of body tissue or cells, which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way. Spread of cancer from site of origin to other organs of the body is called metastasis. It is a hyper proliferative disorder involving, transformation, dysregulation of apoptosis, invasion and angiogenesis. The present study aimed to standardize a classical Unani formulation (CUF) described as anticancer properties. The CUF has been used for anti-cancerous activity (Dāfi'-i-saraṭān) in human population by Unani physicians for centuries. The standardization parameters carried out for classical Unani formulation are pharmacognostical studies, physicochemical parameters, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), microbial load, aflatoxins, and heavy metals revealing specific identities and to evaluate Pharmacopoeial standards. Experiment and the data obtained established the Pharmacopoeial standards for this formulation for identification and quality control purpose. The CUF has been successfully standardized and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for its preparation has been laid down which may serve as a standard reference in future. The standardization data of this formulation may be used as a standard guideline for preparation of the formulation in future.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2017

관성항법장치(Inertial Navigation System)는 항법 수행 전 동체 좌표계(body frame)와 항법 좌표계(navigation frame)사이의 좌표 변환 행렬(Direction Cosine Matrix: DCM)을 결정하여 초기자세를 구하는데 이 과정을 정렬(alignment)이라 한다. 정렬을 시작하기 위해서는 INS의 초기 위치 정보가 필요한데 해당 정보가 INS에 미리 입력되어 있지 않거나 당장에 초기위치를 모를 경우 이로 인해 INS에 전원이 인가된 후 정렬에 진입하기까지의 대기시간이 존재한다. 이러한 대기시간을 제거하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 INS 전원 인가 즉시 현재위치와 상이한 가상의 초기위치 값을 장입하여 스트랩다운 INS 정렬을 시작하고 추후에 정확한 위치를 INS에 입력하여 자세오차를 보상하는 정렬 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 항법 좌표계에서의 INS 센서 오차가 시간이 지남에 따라 자세오차에 미치는 영향성을 분석하여 가상의 초기위치 값 입력 시 발생하는 자세오차 만큼을 보상하는 폐루프 정렬 알고리즘의 성능을 검증하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2006

Processing of traditional herbal medicine is one of the pharmaceutical technique in oriental medicine. Most frequently used processing method in oriental medicine are roasting and steaming. In this studies, to elucidate the pharmacological transformation of traditional herbal medicine by means of processing them, Ginseng Radix (root of Panax ginseng, Araliaceae) was used as a sample. Processed ginseng radix (SGR, Sun Ginseng) was prepared by steaming of roots of white ginseng (GR) for 3 hours at $120^{\circ}C$. The biological activities of methanol extract of GR and SGR were investigated. According to DPPH radical scavenging effects, and inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase and AAPH induced hemolysis, PGR exhibited more effective than those of GR in vitro. And, the antifatigue effect of GR and SGR were investigated using a weight-loading forced swimming test by monitoring swimming times and prolonged intensity exercise model rats by measuring blood biochemical parameters. GR and SGR were significantly prolonged swimming times in 8% body weight ratio loaded mice. Also, they had the inhibitory effects on the decrease of blood glucose levels, the elevation of serum creatinine, lactic acid and free fatty acid, and lactic dehydrogenase activities in forces swimming rats with 1% of the body weight attached to the neck for 3 hours. SGR was more excellent than GR on these effect. Also, these effects were transformed to the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract of SGR. From these results, it can be considered that SGR has antifatigue effect.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the kinematical and the kinetical factors that calculated from preflight to postflight of salto forward straight 3/2 turn motion between skitters and less-skitters. four S-VHS video cameras operating at 60Hz were used to record the performances. five elite male gymnasts were participated in this study as subjects. three-dimensional coordinates of 20 body landmarks during each trial were collected using a Direct Linear Transformation method. The digitized body landmarks were smoothed using a Butterworth second order with low pass digital filter and a cutoff frequency of 10Hz. 1. A skitter, got a high score for performance, showed shorter time and faster horizontal velocity than a less-skitter at the board contact. also, a skitter extended quickly his knee and hip joint after contacting board for preflight phase. 2. A skitter revealed faster time and horizontal velocity the vault from taking off board than a less-skiller. A skitter took a long time and high distance to get the vertical peak compared with a less-skiller. 3. For the second phase, a skitter, who executes the most optimal motions among the subjects, displayed a long flight time, a high height, and a far flight distance as well as maintaining consistent horizontal speed even at the peak of post flight. On the other side, a less-scorer displayed a slow vertical velocity, distance and a short time at the point of take-off from vault as well as low height at the peak of post flight.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2002

Some factors had influence upon the grotesque image formation expressed in fashion: for instance, thanatos, religions, fin de siecle (end of the century), the aesthetics of ugliness, subculture group's resistance and technology development, etc. Those factors have formed a grotesque while exchanging influence each other, and have following features: First, the thanatos, which is destructive and aggressive instinct of the inner world of human being, creates frightening object and motif to form the images of grotesque. Second, from religious point of view, the church made the Devil a tool for maintenance of power: They manipulated physical body and give a damage to it to sublimate it in holy existence, so that they could feel catharsis. Third, there was fin de siecle (end of the century) to let people have negative life attitude, such as uneasiness on following century, eschatology, skepticism and nihilism, etc. Fourth, the ugliness having unpleasantness and disharmony occupies governing position when our society becomes corrupted and uneasy, and the aesthetics of ugliness discloses the inconsistency of ideal and beautiful life in the grotesque images. Fifth, subculture groups, i.e., the lower classes, homosexual and the youth's group, etc, form the grotesque images by political and ideological resistance, complaints and specific identity, etc concerning governing culture keeping traditional ethics consciousness. Sixth, recent technology development has destroyed a boundary between human being and machinery, and bio-technology development has created transplant operation, plastic operation and other human body transformation operations, and genome research, etc has raised human being's identity.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2008

Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, has been widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disease. Although olanzapine is less associated with extrapyramidal symptoms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome compared to existing typical antipsychotics, the use of this drug has a problematic side effect of weight gain, which may cause metabolic syndrome such as type 2 diabetes. However, there are few hospitals practicing body weight monitoring of the patients on olanzapine or other atypical antipsychotics. The goal of this study was to identify the incidence and severity of weight gain associated with the use of the drug in Korea. We performed body weight monitoring of the patients who were on the drug in a hospital setting. Mean of the weight gain (as of one-month-transformation) was 4.33 and 3.39 kg for the male and female patients, respectively. The incidence in the young patients was higher than that observed in the old patients, and the severity was the highest in patients in their thirties followed by twenties or younger. This result suggests that the pattern of the weight gain associated with the use of olanzapine in Korea is similar to the reports performed and documented in US and European countries. Therefore, it appears that healthcare professionals in Korea should also watch on the weight gain issue in patients who are on olanzapine or other atypical antipsychotics.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the running motion in the max-velocity phase(150-160m) and the fatigue phase(350-360m) during 400m sprint by performed elementary school athletes. Eighteen elementary school male athletes who achieved at least the 3rd place in the sprint at the Korea Gangwon-Do elementary school track and field meetings during 2004 and 2005 were selected as subjects. The running motions performed by the subjects were recorded using two 8mm high speed cameras at the nominal speed of 100 frames per second. The Direct Linear Transformation technique was adopted from the beginning of filming to the final stage of data extraction. KWON 3D motion analysis package program was used to compute the 3 Dimensional coordinates, smoothing factor in which lowpass filtering method was used and cutoff frequency was 6.0 Hz. The movement patterns during foot touchdown and takeoff for the running stride were related with the biomechanical consideration. Within the limitations of this study it is concluded: In order to increase running velocity, several conditions must be fullfilled at the instant of leg touchdown and takeoff during the fatigue phase(350-360m). First, the body C.O.G(Center of Gravity) height should be raised at the instant of leg touchdown and takeoff during the fatigue phase. Second, the foot contact time should be shortened and the takeoff distance should be increased at the foot takeoff during the fatigue phase. Third, the shank angular velocity with respect to a transverse axis through the center of gravity should be increased during the leg touchdown and takeoff in the fatigue phase. Forth, the active landing style described as clawing the ground with the sole of the foot should be performed during the leg touchdown and takeoff in the fatigue phase) phase. Fifth, In order to increase running velocity in the fatigue phase while taking a slightly greater leg knee angle and body lean angle within the range of the subject's running motion during the fatigue phase would result in greater flight distance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.114-133
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• 2003

Objective : The meridian theory in oriental medicine explains that Sp9(Yinlingquan) has been considered very important for gynecological disorders, spleen and stomach disorders, and water metabolic disorders. Functional MRI is the best method of showing the evidences of the effect of the Electro-acupuncture treatment through scientific methods. On this supposition, Electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan) was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). Methods : Electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan), the experiment was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right Sp9(Yinlingquan), 2Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. The Image analysis including motion correction, talairach transformation, and smoothing was done using SPM99. Results : The electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan) activates Brodmann Area 13, 19, 22, 39, 40, 47 which may be the central pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan). We also hypothesize that those brain areas may be directly or indirectly related with the mechanism of the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Sp9(Yinlingquan).

• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2013

This study aims to examine the early use of Da-bo tap and their transformation by analyzing the various meanings of the term pagoda in Chinese translations, the Sanskrit version of the Lotus Sutra, as well as Dabotap in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang. In addition, we aim to highlight changes in Dabotap usage, which started out as residential spaces, but transformed into burial spaces over time. The details can be summarized as follows. First, early Buddhist monuments were usually either pagodas serving as burial places for the dead or shrines that were not. A Dabotap is a type of pagoda enshrining the body of Prabhutaratna, and was initially used as a residential space, rather than a burial place for the dead. Second, the terms stupa and caitya are clearly distinguished from each other in the Sanskrit scriptures, and stupa is also further classified into dhatu, sarisa, and atmabhava based on the object being enshrined. In Gyeon-bo-tab-pum, the preconditions for caitya to transform into stupa is presented by explaining that worshipping the space enshrining the body of Prabhutaratna is worthy of the same status as the space enshrining sarira. Third, the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang had been depicted from the Western Wei of the Northern Dynasties until the time of the Yuan Dynasty. It was used as a residential space until the early Sui Dynasty, but was used as both residence and burial places until the Tang Dynasty when pagodas were first being constructed with wheel or circles forms on top, which then gradually changed into stupa (grave towers).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.868-872
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• 2005

Individual management of the animal is the first step towards reaching the goal of precision livestock farming that aids animal welfare. Accurate recognition of each individual animal is important for precise management. Electronic identification of cattle, usually referred to as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), has many advantages for farm management. In practice, however, RFID implementations can cause several problems. Reading speed and distance must be optimized for specific applications. Image processing is more effective than RFID for the development of precision farming system in livestock. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to attempt the identification of cattle by using image processing. The majority of the research on the identification of cattle by using image processing has been for the black-and-white patterns of the Holstein. But, native Japanese and Korean cattle do not have a consistent pattern on the body, so that identification by pattern is impossible. This research aims to identify to Japanese black cattle, which does not have a black-white pattern on the body, by using image processing and a neural network algorithm. 12 Japanese black cattle were tested. Values of input parameter were calculated by using the face image values of 12 cows. The face was identified by the associate neural memory algorithm, and the algorithm was verified by the transformed face image, for example, of brightness, distortion, noise and angle. As a result, there was difference due to a transformation ratio of the brightness, distortion, noise, and angle. The algorithm could identify 100% in the range from -30 to +30 degrees of brightness, -20 to +40 degrees of distortion, 0 to 60% of noise and -20 to +30 degree of angle transformed images.