• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1982

In this study, we attempted to make an original pattern of clothing for an abnormal type of figure, especially for the type of kyphosis. We measured the curvature of the spine of a woman with kyphosis with a Martin measuring instrument and a silhouetter in the following ways. First, we counted the rate of shrinkage of the standard lines drawn on the surface of the body according as the body moved. Secondly, placing the front and back darts, the front and back shoulder darts and the side darts according to“Munhwa”pattern, we made cubic cuttings of four moving postures as well as the standing one. Thirdly, we superposed the developed patterns of the standing and the moving postures, measuring the position change and the amount to the change of the darts, and compared them. The results are as follows: 1) In the developed pattern of a cubic cutting of the basic pattern and the standing posture, the neckhole became larger than that of the basic pattern, and the waist line was lowered than that of the basic pattern because the center back line was shortened due to the curved backbone.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2007

Hypertonicity (hypernatremia) of extracellular fluid causes water movement out of cells, while hypotonicity(hyponatremia) causes water movement into cells, resulting in cellular shrinkage or cellular swelling, respectively. In most part of the body, the osmolality of extracellular fluid is maintained within narrow range($285-295 mOsm/kgH_2O$) and some deviations from this range are not problematic in most tissue of the body except brain. On the other hand, the osmolality in the human renal medulla fluctuates between 50 and $1,200 mOsm/kgH_2O$ in the process of urine dilution and concentration. The adaptation of renal medullary cells to the wide fluctuations in extracellular tonicity is crucial for the cell survival. This review will summarize the mechanisms of urine concentration and the adaptation of renal medullary cells to the hyper tonicity, which is mediated by TonEBP transcription factor and its target gene products(UT-A1 urea transporter etc.).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 1983

Adquate amount of calcia was added to the regent-grade Zirconia body. Here the amount and the form of calcia were 7-21 mol% and regent-grade calcium cabonate respectively. The specimens were fired at 175$0^{\circ}C$ for 0, 3, 5 and 7 hours respectively. The phase Strength X-ray diffraction analysis and Scaning electron microscopy. The results were as follows (1) As the additive amount of calcia was increased the firing linear shrinkage apparent density compressive strength and modulus of rupture decreased but the apparent porosity increased. (2) The specimens soaked and containing calcia displayed the grain growth. (3) Monoclinic and cubic zirconia were seen in the sepcimens containing 7 mol% calcia. When without soaking the specimens containing 7-10 mol% calcia had the volume change by monoclinic$\rightleftharpoons$tetragonal transformation. (4) The lattice parameter increased according as the calcia additive was increased. The specimens containing above 19mol% calcia had the costant lattice parameter. The value of that was from 5.1264 to 5.1396 $\AA$ in the case of 7 hours soaking.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1963

粘土鑛物과 滑石과의 關係에 對한 正確한 報告가 거의 없어. 이에 對한 磁器化溫度範圍 및 電氣的絶緣性과 粘土含量의 關係를 究明하였다. 스테아타이트素地의 製造에 使用한 原料는 國産 滑石, 粘土, 長石, 硅石等이며, 吸水率, 燒成線收縮率을 測定 檢討하고, 또 磁器化된 素地들의 電氣的絶緣性을 測定하였다. 그 結果 磁器化溫度範圍는 재겔錐 1乃至 3番內에 있었으며 $MgCO_3$를 添加함에 따라 燒成收縮은 크게 일어났으나, 粘土含量이 20% 以下였을 때는 磁器化溫度範圍가 增大되었다. 耐熱性은 全般的으로 良好하였으며 粘土量을 增加시킴에 따라 膨脹率, 誘電體力率, 絶線耐性은 增加하고, 體積固有抵抗은 減少하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2008

Purpose: Human acellular dermal matrix(ADM) is widely used in the treatment of congenital anomalies and soft tissue deficiencies. But it is rapidly degraded in the body and does not provide satisfactory results. There is a need to improve collagen fiber stability through various methods and ultimately regulate the speed of degradation. Methods: The ADMs were added with various cross-linking agents called glutaraldehyde, dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate to produce cross-linked acellular dermal matrices. 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether solution was applied with a pH of 4.5 and 9.0, respectively. The stability of cross-linked dermal matrix was observed by measuring the shrinkage temperature and the degradation rates. The cross- and non-cross linked dermis were placed in the rat abdomen and obtained after 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Results: The shrinkage temperature significantly increased and the degradation rate significantly decreased, compared to the control(p<0.05). All of cross-linked dermises were observed grossly in 16 weeks, but most of non-cross linked dermis were absorbed in 8 weeks. Histologically, the control group ADM was found to have been infiltrated with fibroblasts and most of dermal stroma were transformed into the host collagen fibers. However, infiltration of fibroblasts in the experiment was insignificant and the original collagen structure was intact. Conclusion: Collagen cross-linking increases the structural stability and decreases degradation of acellular dermis. Therefore, decrease in body absorption and increase in duration can be expected.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1973

This study was designed to compare the effect of dietary intakes on different quality protein & levels of caloric consumption supplemented by sugar at the level of 26% of total caloric intakes. 30 males and same number of females of Albino rats, aged 30-40 days were devided into following six groups, 5 rats each. ACO Group: Ad libitum, Casein, no sugar group ACS Group: Ad libitum, Casein, 26% sugar supplemented group RBO Group: 50% restriction,Bean, no sugar group RBS Group: 50% restriction, Bean, 26% sugar supplemented group RAO Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, no sugar group RAS Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, 26% sugar supplemented group The rats were kept in individual cage and given 6 different diet for 12 weeks. The result of this study were elucidated as follow. Body weight gained and organ weight showed no significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. It was noteworthy that the shrinkage of female sex organ supplemented by sugar in the diet showed lower degree than that of compared groups in this study. In other word, degree of shrinkage due to protein-caloric restriction was decreased by sugar supplementation. Nitrogen Metabolism and total nitrogen retention were not observed any significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. Dental caries showed higher incidence for sugar supplemented groups. Hematology and bone growth showed no differences in this study. The similar results on the metabolic effects concerned the above view Points were obtained in the different protein groups such as bean & anchovy as protein sources in the diet. Caloric restriction Produced a lower growth-rate, lower body weight and poorer long bone growth. But composition of bone ash, concentration of nitrogen, calcium and blood glucose, liver fats and liver water content maintenanced at the same levels of standard group.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.801-811
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• 2007

This study attempts to propose a pattern design of snug fitting midi briefs for women. Each briefs made of two kinds of fabric, cotton 40's and cotton 40's spandex, was produced for the research in a different shrinkage rate. The result of wearing test of the briefs-sold-in-the-market (BSM) and the briefs-specially-made-for-this-research (BSMR) were as follows: BSMR showed a higher mark than that of BSM in the sense of close fit on the torso, comfortableness, sense of being tight, satisfaction and beauty. In particular, the back design line of BSM gave a lower satisfaction to test wearers, while that of BSMR gave a more comfortableness to them, making their hip comfortably being wrapped by making smoother the angle of the straight line linking sidelines with clutch part, and making sidelines into curve. In a forward research, further studies about grading and other patterns but midi pattern of briefs would be examined.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.919-927
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• 2002

표면층과 내부간의 기공구조가 다른 다공질체를 제조하기 위해 입자크기가 다른 두 종류의 분체를 이용하여 다공질 성형체를 제조하였다. 두 층간의 소결 수축율을 동일하게 제어하기 위해 성형밀도 변화에 따른 소결밀도 변화를 예측할 수 있는 Ford＇s equation을 도입하여 소결 수축율을 동일한 조건을 구하였다. 제조된 다공질체는 미세구조와 통기도를 조사함으로서 기공의 이중 구조화 여부를 평가하였다. SEM 관찰결과 기공크기가 다른 두 층으로 구성되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 각 층의 통기도는 출발 입자크기와 기공율이 클수록 증가하였으며, 이중 기공구조를 갖는 시편의 통기도는 기공크기가 작은 층의 특성에 의존하였다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of sprue joint form on castability in dental prosthetics. The researcher carried out experimental study according to the type was divided by sprue joint form. Therefore type A was made thicken than sprue diameter of type B and type C was made it conversely. The results were as follows: 1. In the order of castability, type C(87.8%) was first and then type A(87.0%) and type B(79.2%) was last. However there was no significant difference statistically. 2. If reservior was located at the correct position and in sufficient size, internal shrinkage porosity in the casting bodies were not generated in the type of all. 3. At the reservoir, internal shrinkage porosity was generated first in type A, followed by type Band type C in the order named. Although it gives no impact on casting body, porosity seems to appear the least when it's produced in the form of type C.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2019

Recently, metal cases are widely used in smart phones for their luxurious color and texture. However, when a metal case is used, electric shock may occur during charging. Chip capacitors of various values are used to prevent the electric shock. However, chip capacitors are vulnerable to electrostatic discharge(ESD) generated by the human body, which often causes insulation breakdown during use. This breakdown can be eliminated with a high-voltage chip varistor over 340V, but when the varistor voltage is high, the capacitance is limited to about 2pF. If a chip capacitor with a high dielectric constant and a chip varistor with a high voltage can be combined, it is possible to obtain a new device capable of coping with electric shock and ESD with various capacitive values. Usually, varistors and capacitors differ in composition, which causes different shrinkage during co-firing, and therefore camber, internal crack, delamination and separation may occur after sintering. In addition, varistor characteristics may not be realized due to the diffusion of unwanted elements into the varistor during firing. Various elements are added to control shrinkage. In addition, a buffer layer is inserted in the middle of the varistor-capacitor junction to prevent diffusion during firing, thereby developing a co-fired product with desirable characteristics.