• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.150-159
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• 2012

This study intend to analyze differences between 3D body scanning sizes and direct measurement sizes of same subjects. The subjects of study are female students of university in China. 3D data analyze as a 3D Body Measurement Soft System. The conclusion found is as below: In case of circumferences, error between direct-measurement size and 3D body scanning size is from 4.9mm to 62.2mm. The neck circumference size of directmeasurement is bigger than 3D body scanning size. The height error range is from 0.6mm to 51mm. Height of underbust, waist and hip are that direct-measurement sizes are higher than 3D body scanning sizes. Gap of width is from 3.8mm to 21.9mm. The gap range is too narrow relatively to others. Only direct-measurement size of neck width is wider than 3D body scanning size. Error range of length is from 0.3mm to 41.8mm. 3D body scanning sizes of lateral neck to waistline, upperarm length, arm length, neck shoulder point to breast point, shoulder center point to breast point, lateral shoulder to breast point are longer than direct-measurement sizes. They have a negative margin of error. I intend to set up same measurement point between direct-measurement and 3D body scanning but they have some errors because direct-measurement point is applied by a person. 3D body scanning measurement point is settled by automatic system. A measurement point of direct-measurement and 3D body scanning isn't unite. So we need to make a standard of setting up measurement points.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1244-1254
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to compare the people’s attitude toward 3-D body scanning by their gender and age in order to provide the application of 3-D body scanning data for new services or products. This study collected questionnaire data from 442 Korean females and 258 Korean males who participated in the 3-D body scanning. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Most people had good feelings for 3-D body scanning. Male respondents were more dissatisfied than female, and teenagers had higher dissatisfaction rate than other age groups for the measurement garment. 2. 80.5% of all respondents had the intention for re-measurement of 3-D body scanning. Male respondents and teenagers had low intention for re-measurement. 3. For the use of 3-D body scanning data, 79.6% said "yes" for making avatar, and 88.3% agreed with the custom made clothes. There was no difference between gender and age for this question. The results of the study will demonstrate how clothing retailers and marketers can use the 3-D body scanning data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.137-151
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• 2023

Stationary 3D whole-body scanners generally require 5 to 20 seconds of scanning time and cannot effectively detect armpit and crotch areas. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the accuracy of a photogrammetric technique using a multi-camera system. First, dimensional accuracy was analyzed using a mannequin scan, comparing the differences between the scan-derived measurements and the direct measurements, with an allowable tolerance of ISO 20685-1:2018. Only 2 of 59 measurement items (ankle height and upper arm circumference, specifically) exceeded the ISO 20685-1:2018 criteria. When compared with the results of the eight stationary whole-body scanners assessed by the literature, the photogrammetric technique was found to have the advantage of scanning the top of the head, armpit, and crotch areas clearly. Second, this study found the photogrammetric technique is suitable for obtaining the body scans because it can minimize the perform scanning, resulting in a reduction of measurement errors due to breathing and uncontrolled movements. The error rate of the photogrammetry method was much lower than that of stationary 3D whole-body scanners.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.421-428
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• 2015

This research is to understand customer satisfaction with virtual fitting based on a 3D body scanner and avatars as well as differences between avatars and the 'real me'. To this end, this research examined Korean college students to facilitate 3D body scanning, avatar generation and surveys. The author used 3D body scan data with direct measurements to identify differences between the 3D body scan data-based 'my avatar' and 'real me' in the virtual dress fitting system. The survey results on 'the level of customer awareness on 3D body scanner' found that the majority of both genders did not know about it and indicated a lower usability to incorporate IT technology into the fashion industry. The question in the 3D body scanning and avatar found an affirmative attitude. Satisfaction levels on the 3D avatars' similarity with 'own body' and garment fitting were positive and indicated a need for further technological improvements to express the avatars identical to customers' own body. More research is necessary for the accuracy of sizes for 3D body scanning that measure body sizes while wearing clothes. Avatars based on such datamay be less similar to 'own body' and cause customer dissatisfaction. Thus, further technology development is required to narrow gaps using data to make avatars that provide more accurate virtual fitting simulation services to customers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2008

Three dimensional body scan technology is being targeted for utilization in the apparel industry. The purpose of this study was to test reliability of the body scan data targeting from 20 to 24 year old men by comparing 3DM, 3D body-scanning semi-auto measurement extraction method, Scanworx, 3D body-scanning auto measurement extraction method, and traditional anthropometric method. We found significant differences in 9 out of 25 items in upper body measurements using 3DM and 16 out of 25 items using Scanworx. In the range of difference value of scan measures, it showed 1 item in the absolute value of more than 40mm between two measuring methods, 3 items in 20 up to 40mm, and less than 20mm in other items. Overall, in height items, the numerical value of traditional measure was higher and in girth, width, depth items, 3D scan measure was higher. We found out that reliability of 3D measurements taken from whole body scans was different according to scanners, scanning softwares, programs, and subjects.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-44
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• 2018

The study purpose was to investigate the jacket-fit satisfaction level of men in their 20s and 30s, using body-scanning data and a questionnaire. Thirty-five men were scanned using a 3D body scanner. The participants were divided into three groups (Small, Medium, and Large) based on their chest-circumference measurement. Their levels of satisfaction with the fit of their tailored jacket were compared by group. Chest, waist, and hip circumferences increased substantially as group size increased. The M-group was mostly satisfied with all body-site views. The S-group was especially dissatisfied with height, back width, waist circumference, and upper-arm circumference. The L-group was especially dissatisfied with waist circumference and hip circumference. The majority of the participants preferred the jacket closely fitted to their body. More than half of the participants thought finding a jacket of suitable size was difficult. When purchasing ready-to-wear jackets, the S-group and the M-group considered shoulder width important, while the L-group considered chest circumference the most important area. When evaluating the fit of ready-to-wear jackets, the L-group evaluated chest circumference, back width, and waist circumference as poor fits. The M-group evaluated sleeve length and shoulder width as poor fits, and the S-group agreed with respect to sleeve length. Body-satisfaction levels and matching jacket-satisfaction levels differed by body-size group, as did areas that need improvement. The conclusion is that size-group analysis using 3D body scanning can be utilized effectively for jacket-fit analysis. The findings of the current study can be applied to improving jacket fit among young male consumers.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze human upper body surface changes at the shoulder and back area. The body surface data were analyzed in terms of muscle and bone displacement in dynamic postures. Body surface data were collected with a 3D body scanner. The body surface was scanned at the static and four baseball batting postures. The body surface dimensions over the deltoids, scapulae and trapezius were measured. The results show that the vertical measurements of the deltoids increased by 20%. The horizontal measurements of the axilla of the back increased. The surface of the trapezius was elongated by over 10%, and the lower back musculature was elongated by about 50%. The results of this study showed that changes in back body surface caused by upper arm movements. It was influenced by the deltoid articulated with the humeri and the scapulae and trapezius. These body surface changes caused by muscle activities and ranges of motion can be used to design functional clothing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.301-305
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• 2020

Background: Radiographic modalities have been commonly used to evaluate pectus carinatum (PC), and compressive orthotic bracing is the most widely accepted treatment method. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of 3-dimensional (3D) body surface scanning as an alternative modality for the evaluation of PC. Methods: The medical records of 63 patients with PC who were treated with compressive orthotic bracing therapy between July 2017 and February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Using both 2-view chest radiography (posteroanterior and lateral view) and 3D body scanning, the height of maximal protrusion of the chest wall was measured both before and after 2 weeks of bracing therapy. The difference between the pre- and post-treatment measurements was calculated for both modalities, and these differences were compared and analyzed. Results: Based on the comparison between the pre- and post-treatment radiographs, bracing therapy produced favorable outcomes in all patients (p<0.001). The measurements obtained via 3D scanning were strongly correlated with those obtained via chest radiography (r=0.60). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, 3D body surface scanning appears to be an effective, radiation-free, and simple method for the post-treatment follow-up evaluation of PC, and thus can be considered an alternative to radiography.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.719-727
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• 2009

The ultimate success of commercial applications of body scan data in the apparel industry will be consumers' substantial applications such as automated custom fit, size prediction, virtual try-on, personal shopper services (Loker, S. et al., 2004). In this study, we surveyed fifty consumers and forty-seven apparel industry workers about their recognition and interest in 3D body scanning and virtual try-on. The results are as follows: 55% of the apparel industry workers has recognized 3D body scanning as a convenient technology, but do not know how to use it. To the questions regarding virtual try-on, 53% of the workers give positive answers. The consumers have a more positive view on virtual try-on than the workers do. The workers predict that the application of 3D body scan technology to the apparel industry could offer customers helpful information in their clothing selection by using virtual images of various size and style, and increase mass production of MTM(Made-To-Measure). The answers from the male consumers in their twenties indicate that virtual try-on is useful by 88% on offline shopping and by 100% on online shopping. 53% of the workers and 68% of the consumers gave answers that just by virtual try-on they could judge the quality of the apparel products and purchase them. Absolutely 3D virtual try-on is an effective tool for online shoppers. 85% of the workers anticipate applications of the 3D body scanning also in 'body measurement', 'custom pattern development' as well as 'virtual try-on' in the near future. With the positive reactions and the stimulating interests in virtual try-on, the conditions of contemporary world encourage more active researches and wide usages of the technology in apparel industry.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.7_8
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• pp.397-407
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• 2003

In the past decade, significant effort has been made toward increasing the accuracy and robustness in the three-dimensional scanning methods. In this paper, we introduce a novel laser-stripe, 3D scanning system which was developed to digitize a whole human body. We also suggest a new semi-automatic contour registration method to generate robust contours from the 3D data points acquired by our scanning system. A contour triangulation based surface modoling method was also introduced. Experimental result shows that our system is very robust and efficient for reconstructing overall 3D surface model of a human body.