• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2004

To validate and to estimate the chemical hazard playa very important role to environment and human health. The detection of many synthetic chemicals including agrochemicals that may pose a genetic hazard in our environment is of great concern at present. Since these substances are not limited to the original products, and enter the environment, they have become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of chemicals that possibly threaten the public health. Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl [Ethyl-5-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate, $C_{14}H_{18}N{6}O_{7}S,$ M.W. =414.39, CAS No. 93697-74-6], is one of well known rice herbicide belong in the sulfonyl urea group. To clarify the genotoxicity of this agrochemical, Ames bacterial reversion assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast and bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice were subjected. In Ames assay, although pyrazosulfuron-ethyl revealed cytotoxic at 5,000-140 $\mug/plate$ in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, no dose-dependent mutagenic potential in 4.4～70 $\mug/plate$ of S. typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA1535 and TA 1537 both in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system was observed. Using CHL fibroblasts, the 50% cell growth inhibition concentration $(IC_{50})$ of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was determined as 1,243 $\mug/mL,$ and no chromosomal aberration was observed both in the absence and presence of S-9 mixture in the concentration range of 311-1,243 $\mug/mL.$ And also, in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl revealed no remarkable induction of MNPCE (micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes/1000 polychromatic erythrocytes) in the dose range of 625-2,500 mg/kg body weight when administered orally. Consequently, Ames bacterial gene mutation with Salmonella typhimurium, in vitro chromosome aberration with mammalian cells and in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay revealed no clastogenic potential of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in this study.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.56-76
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• 2013

Objective : The aim of this study was to find the literature basis on SuGi-therapy(手氣療法) in Donguibogam. Methods : Anma(按摩), Doin(導引), Angyo(按蹻), Anap(按壓) and Chuna(推拿), the keyword of this study, were researched, analyzed and classified in Donguibogam. Results : 1) In Donguibogam, the keyword Anma(按摩) and Doin(導引) showed up 10 and 33 times, respectively and 7 and 20 times, respectively in the body except the table of contents. In considering the meaningful cases, in short, Anma(按摩) and Doin(導引) appeared 7 and 16 times, respectively. Furthermore we could know Anma(按摩) showed up 4 times with the highest frequency in Oehyeongpyeon(外形篇), and Doin(導引) showed up 11 times with the highest frequency in Naegyeongpyeon(內景篇). 2) Anma(按摩) was mostly used as a separate word and only 2 times was "Anmadoin(按摩導引)" used. In 16 meaningful cases, Doin(導引) was used as "Doinbeop(導引法)" 14 times and 2 times was "Anmadoin(按摩導引)" used in a linked form. Among 14 times when "Doinbeop(導引法)" was referred, it was stated as "Do Doinbeop(導引法)" without any detailed explanations 2 times and it was explained about how to pose when people do Doinbeop(導引法) for prevention and treatment 12 times. 3) Reviewed in Donguibogam, Anma(按摩) and Doin(導引) were the ChoGi-therapy(調氣療法) in all. Because they include both massaging by oneself and getting a massage from someone else, they all could be 'SuGi-therapy(手氣療法)' in a broad sense. 4) In Sikjeokbyeong(息積病), the 12th chapter of Jeokchwimun(積聚文) in Japbyeongpyeon(雜病篇), Doinbeop(導引法) was referred as the treatment of Jeok(積) which belongs to obstinate and incurable diseases. This means SuGi-therapy(手氣療法) could be the basis of using widely on several incurable diseases in modern society. 5) There is few paper about SuGi-therapy(手氣療法). SuGi-therapy (手氣療法) doesn't seem to form a large part in modern Korean medicine but it is a remedy that has been together with the history of Korean medicine so long and has great therapeutic effects and usefulness. From now on, the literature and clinical study on SuGi-therapy(手氣療法) should be conducted continuously and developed for the better.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are present in many consumer products ranging from fabrics to plastics and electronics. Wide use of flame retardants can pose an environmental hazard, which makes it important to determine the mechanism of their toxicity. In the present study, dose-dependent toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a flame retardant, was examined in male prepubertal rats (postnatal day 18) treated orally with TBBPA at 0, 125, 250 or 500 mg/kg for 30 days. There were no differences in body weight gain between the control and TBBPA-treated groups. However, absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased in high dose of TBBPA-treated groups. TBBPA treatment led to significant induction of CYP2B1 and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) expression in the liver. In addition, serum thyroxin (T4) concentration was significantly reduced in the TBBPA treated group. These results indicate that repeated exposure to TBBPA induces drug-metabolising enzymes in rats through the CAR signaling pathway. In particular, TBBPA efficiently produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through CYP2B1 induction in rats. We measured 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in the kidney, liver and testes of rats following TBBPA treatment. As expected, TBBPA strongly induced the production of 8-OHdG in the testis and kidney. These observations suggest that TBBPA-induced target organ toxicity may be due to ROS produced by metabolism of TBBPA in Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2015

Nanotechnology has advanced at an extremely rapid pace over the past several years in numerous fields of research. However, the uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) into the body after administration through various routes may pose a risk to human health. In this study, we investigated the potential ocular toxicity of 20-nm, negatively- charged zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs in rats using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histopathological assessment. Animals were divided into four groups as control group, ZnO NPs treatment group (500 mg/kg/day), control recovery group, and ZnO NPs treatment and recovery group. Ocular samples were prepared from animals treated for 90 days (10 males and 10 females, respectively) and from recovery animals (5 males and 5 females, respectively) sacrificed at 14 days after final treatment and were compared to age-matched control animals. Micro-CT analyses represented the deposition and distribution of foreign materials in the eyes of rats treated with ZnO NPs, whereas control animals showed no such findings. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and energy dispersive spectrometry showed the intraocular foreign materials as zinc in treated rats, whereas control animals showed no zinc signal. Histopathological examination revealed the retinopathy in the eyes of rats treated with ZnO NPs. Neuronal nuclei expression was decreased in neurons of the ganglion cell layer of animals treated with ZnO NPs compared to the control group. Taken together, treatment with 20-nm, negatively-charged ZnO NPs increased retinopathy, associated with local distribution of them in ocular lesions.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권2C호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2007

영상에서 사람의 머리위치를 찾는 문제에 있어서 어깨선 정보를 이용하는 것은 아주 유용하다. 영상에서 머리 외곽선과 어깨선의 형태는 일정한 변형을 유지하면서 같이 움직이므로 이를 ASM(Active Shape Model) 기법을 사용해서 통계적으로 모델링 할 수 있다. 그러나 ASM 모델은 국부적인 에지나 그래디언트에 의존하므로 배경 에지나 클러터 성분에 민감하다. 한편 AAM(Active Appearance Model) 모델은 텍스쳐 등을 이용하지만, 사람의 피부색, 머리색깔, 옷 색깔 등의 차이로 인해서 통계적인 학습방법을 쓰기가 어렵고, 전체 비디오에서 외모(Appearance)가 시간적으로 변한다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 외모(Apperance) 모델을 변화에 따라 바꾸는 대신, 영상의 각 화소를 머리, 어깨, 배경으로 구분하는 분별적 외모 모델(discriminative appearance)를 사용한다. 실험을 통해서 제안된 방법이 기존의 기법에 비해서 포즈변화와 가려짐, 조명의 변화 등에 강인함을 보여준다. 또한 제안된 기법은 실시간으로 작동하는 장점 또한 가진다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 2019

In view of the growing industrial use of Bacterial cellulose (BC), and taking into account that it might become airborne and be inhaled after industrial processing, assessing its potential pulmonary toxic effects assumes high relevance. In this work, the murine model was used to assess the effects of exposure to respirable BC nanofibrils (nBC), obtained by disintegration of BC produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages ($BMM{\Phi}$) were treated with different doses of nBC (0.02 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively 1 and $10{\mu}g$ of fibrils) in absence or presence of 0.2% Carboxymethyl Cellulose (nBCMC). Furthermore, mice were instilled intratracheally with nBC or nBCMC at different concentrations and at different time-points and analyzed up to 6 months after treatments. Microcrystaline $Avicel-plus^{(R)}$ CM 2159, a plant-derived cellulose, was used for comparison. Markers of cellular damage (lactate dehydrogenase release and total protein) and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxidase, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity) as well presence of inflammatory cells were evaluated in brochoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. Histological analysis of lungs, heart and liver tissues was also performed. BAL analysis showed that exposure to nBCMC or CMC did not induce major alterations in the assessed markers of cell damage, oxidative stress or inflammatory cell numbers in BAL fluid over time, even following cumulative treatments. $Avicel-plus^{(R)}$ CM 2159 significantly increased LDH release, detected 3 months after 4 weekly administrations. However, histological results revealed a chronic inflammatory response and tissue alterations, being hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries (observed 3 months after nBCMC treatment) of particular concern. These histological alterations remained after 6 months in animals treated with nBC, possibly due to foreign body reaction and the organism's inability to remove the fibers. Overall, despite being a safe and biocompatible biomaterial, BC-derived nanofibrils inhalation may lead to lung pathology and pose significant health risks.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2021

최근 AR, VR 및 스마트 디바이스 기술의 발전에 따라 피트니스 산업에서도 비대면 환경을 기반으로 한 서비스 수요가 증가하고 있다. 비대면 온라인 홈트레이닝 서비스는 기존의 오프라인 서비스에 비해 시간과 장소의 제약이 없다는 장점이 있으나 운동 기구의 부재 및 사용자의 정확한 운동 자세 유지여부, 운동량의 측정이 어려운 단점이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있는 표준 운동 프로그램을 개발하고 딥러닝 기반 신체 자세 추정 영상처리를 통하여 새로운 비대면 홈트레이닝 어플리케이션 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 연구의 알고리즘 기반 어플리케이션을 활용한다면 표준 운동 프로그램 영상의 트레이너를 사용자가 직접 보고 따라하면서 사용자 스스로 자세를 교정하며 정확한 운동이 가능하다. 나아가 본 연구의 알고리즘을 용도에 맞게 커스터마이징 한다면 공연, 영화, 동아리 활동, 컨퍼런스 분야로의 적용도 가능할 것이다.

• 청정기술
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2022

나노입자는 화학, 의학, 환경, 정보통신 등 다양한 생활 분야에 활용되고 있다. 나노물질 사용량의 증가는 작업장 및 환경중 나노물질 노출을 증가시킨다. 그러나 관련 연구는 이제 초기연구에 그치고 있다. 나노제품내 함유된 100 nm 이하의 나노입자가 비의도적으로 배출되게 되면, 호흡이나 피부노출을 통해 인체에 잠재적인 위험을 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 실험실로부터 사무실로의 나노입자의 잠재적 노출 가능성을 확인하였고, 나노입자 안전 가이드라인을 제언하고자 한다. 실험 진행 중 대기로의 나노입자 발생을 확인하기 위해 나노입자 포집기를 사용하였으며, 실시간 입자측정기를 통해 실험실과 사무실에서 나노입자 농도가 유사한 경향을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 실험복에 부착 된 나노입자가 실험실 외부로 이동한다고 가정하고, 나노 카본블랙을 부착시킨 실험복을 일정시간 털어준 뒤 실험복내 잔류된 입자의 농도를 확인하였다. 실험 결과, 실험복에 부착된 나노입자는 실험자의 동선을 따라 실험실에서 사무실로 충분히 이동할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 나노입자를 취급하는 실험실의 의복에 관한 안전 가이드라인이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2024

Background and Purpose: Dementia subtypes, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), pose diagnostic challenges. This review examines the effectiveness of ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET) in differentiating these subtypes for precise treatment and management. Methods: A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted using databases like PubMed and Embase to identify studies on the diagnostic utility of ¹⁸F-FDG PET in dementia. The search included studies up to November 16, 2022, focusing on peer-reviewed journals and applying the goldstandard clinical diagnosis for dementia subtypes. Results: From 12,815 articles, 14 were selected for final analysis. For AD versus FTD, the sensitivity was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.98) and specificity was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-0.92). In the case of AD versus DLB, ¹⁸F-FDG PET showed a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.88-0.98) and specificity of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.70-0.92). Lastly, when differentiating AD from non-AD dementias, the sensitivity was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80-0.91) and the specificity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.91). The studies mostly used case-control designs with visual and quantitative assessments. Conclusions: ¹⁸F-FDG PET exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating dementia subtypes, particularly AD, FTD, and DLB. This method, while not a standalone diagnostic tool, significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy in uncertain cases, complementing clinical assessments and structural imaging.