• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.181-184
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• 2001

The effect of topical application with 10, 20 and 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml cortisone and hydrocortisone to the fifth stadium larvae of the silkworm, B. mori on fat body glycogen, protein, total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and haemolymph trehalose and protein has been studied. The fat body glycogen haemolymph trehalose significantly decreased in all the treated groups except in the 10 and 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml treated groups. The fat body protein increased significantly in all the cortisone and hydrocortisone treated groups except in the group treated with 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ hydrocortisone. Whereas that of haemolymph protein significantly increased in all the groups treated with cortisone and hydrocortisone. The total lipids, phospho1ipids and neutral lipids of the fat body decreased significantly in all the groups treated with cortisone and hydrocortisone when compared with that of carrier control.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wax gourd on body weight, body fat, triglyceride, leptin and fat cell size in rats fed medium fat Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with experimental diet containing total dietary fat at 20% of calorie with wax gourd (WG) for 4 weeks. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups including control, 5, 10, and 15% (w/w) WG supplement The results showed that weight gain was significantly higher in 5% WG than that in control (p<0.05), but was not different among the WG supplement groups. Total fat weight was significantly decreased in both 10 and 15% WG supplement groups than that of control. The levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the plasma were significantly decreased, particularly in 15% WG supplement group (p<0.05). The levels of leptin was not significantly different among the experimental groups. Fat cell size was significantly decreased in WG supplement groups compared to that of control group (p<0.05). Correlation among the parameters demonstrated that weight gain correlated positively with total fat weight, the levels of leptin and triglycerides. Taken these results together, 15% WG supplement diet substantially reduces total fat weight, triglycerides and free fatty acids levels and fat cell size in the rat fed midium fat.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 1996

Three hundred and twenty-four 1 day old chicks were used to determine the effects of fat source and energy to protein ratio on growth performance , carcass composition and the efficiency on nutrient utilization. Chicks were assigned. in a completely randomized design, to 3*3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Chicks received one of three fat sources (n0 fat, tallow, corn oil) and one of three energy to protein ratios(16, 14 and 12kcal ME/g CP). All diets were formulated to be isocaloric(3.2Mcal ME/kg diets) using published ME values for the diet ingredients. Addition of tat to the diet increased ADG, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased percentage body DM and ether extract(EE), but percentage CP was not different, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased efficiency of protein and energy deposition. Addition of fat ad either fallow or corn oil yielded similar results. Reducing the energy to protein ratio of the diet did not affect ADG or gain to feed, but tended to decrease average daily feed intake(p=0.80), as well as resulting in linear(p<0.05) reductions in body percentage DM., EE and also total EE. Increasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect percentage or total body Cp. Adding fat to poultry diets improved growth performance and the efficiency of growth chicks. Decreasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect growth performance, but reduced EE in the body of Chicks.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.565-573
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Monacolin-inoculated rice embryo on the body fat and serum lipid profiles in 61 obese elementary school students. The subjects divided into two groups 31 obese children had the experimental diet (rice embryo inoculated Monacolin) and 30 obese children had the control diet three times a day after meals. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI of 61 subjects were $10.5\pm0.5$ years, $143.6\pm6.8cm,\;55.0\pm8.9kg,\;and\;26.1 \pm3.9$, respectively. The changes of body fat mass (kg) in experimental group and control group after 6 weeks were -0.60kg and -0.03kg, respectively. The changes of body fat $(\%)$ in experimental group and control group after 6weeks were $-1.44\%\;and\;-0.25\%$, respectively. These changes of body fat in experimental group were significantly higher than in control group (p<0.05). The change of total-cholesterol in experimental group and control group during 6weeks were -17.52mg/dL and -1.70mg/dL, respectively. The change of LDL-cholesterol in experimental group and control group during 6 weeks were -17.06mg/dL and - 2.80mg/dL, respectively. The change of triglyceride in experimental group and control group after 6 weeks were -9.58mg/dL and 11.67mg/dL. Total-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride of experimental group after 6 weeks significantly decreased compared to control group (p<0.05). After experimental diet (6 weeks), total-cholesterol was negatively correlated with body water contents, soft lean mass and fat free mass (p<0.05). Triglyceride showed a significantly positive correlation with body weight and body fat mass, however, it was negatively correlated with fat free mass (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol showed a significantly positive correlation with fat free mass (p<0.05). These results show that Monacolin-inoculated rice embryo is effective in decreasing body fat and blood lipid in obese children.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2005

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation between short stature and obese degree. And we also wanted to know the characteristics of patients visited clinic in the name of 'short stature'. Methods Height, body weight, BMI, fat mass, lean body mass, percent body fat were taken intended for 236 patients in the name of short stature. To all the patient questionnaire for growth clinic was drawn up, and ultrasound scan was taken through calcaneous of the right foot. The patients were classified to three groups - short, average, tall group - according to relative position of mid-parental height. It was analysed that the differences between groups in obese degree. Also was investigated correlation between position of short stature and obese degree, and between obese degree and bony maturity. Results & Conclusion 1. The average ages of patients in the name of 'short stature' were $12.69{\pm}3.93$ years old in boys, $10.66{\pm}3.67$ years old in girls. And it seemed to be just before second rapid maturing period. 2. The average BMI were $20.58{\pm}4.07kg/m^2$ in boys, $18.65{\pm}2.85kg/m^2$ in girls, and average percent body fat were $21.99{\pm}7.35%$ in boys, $26.01{\pm}6.35%$ in girls. 3. The numbers of obese children were 34(31.2%) in boys, 19(14.9%) in girls on the basis of BMI. And the numbers were 39(35.8%) in boys, 53(41.7%) in girls on the basis of percent body fat. There was a big difference in case of girls. 4. The numbers of AG(average group) were 48(44.0%) in boys, 60(47.2%) in girls, the numbers of SG(short group) were 35(32.1%) in boys, 31(24.4%) in girls, and numbers of TG(tall group) were 26(23.9%) in boys, 35(27.6%) in girls. 5. There were no significant differences among the groups in BMI, lean body mass, fat mass, percent body fat. Only significant difference in DI(disease index). 6. There were no significant correlation between PH(percent height) and BMI, leanbody mass, fat mass, percent body fat. Only significant correlation in DI(disease index). 7. There were no significant differences between DA(difference between bone age and chronorogical age) and BMI, leanbody mass, percent body fat. Only significant correlation in fat mass.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.97-112
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study were to evaluate the effects of oriental medical therapy on obesity and different effects according to Body Mass Index(BMI), menopause, obesity treatment experience, age, treatment period in patients. Methods : 46 patients were treated from November 2011 to April 2012 in Oriental Obesity Center, Dong-eui Medical Center. They were measured change of body compositions by bioelectrical impedance analysis every 2~3 weeks and 27 patients out of 46 were checked body compositions every 2 weeks. 46 and 27 patients were divided into two or three groups according to BMI, menopause, obesity treatment experience, age, treatment period. We compared before and after treatment body compositions. Results : Body compositions, except edema index were significantly reduced. Abdominal Visceral Fat(AVF) was significantly reduced in Obese group. Body Weight(BW), BMI, Body Fat(BF), Body Fat Percetage(BFP), Abdominal Visceral Fat Level(AVFL), Abdominal Visceral Fat(AVF), Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat(ASF) were significantly reduced in non-menopause group(43 female patients). But in 26 female patients out of 27, there were no significantly differences between groups in menopause. There were no significantly differences between groups in obesity treatment experience. But in 27 patients, BMI and AVF were significantly reduced in non-experience group and AVFL was significantly reduced in experience group. BW, BMI, BF, BFP, VAF, ASF were significantly reduced in younger age group. But in 27 patients, BW and Muscle were significantly reduced in younger age group. BMI, BF, BFP, Edema, AFVL, Abdominal Visceral Fat Area(AVFA), AVF, ASF were significantly reduced in longer treatment period group. Conclusion : The BF, BMI, BF, BFP, Muscle, AVFL, AVFA, AVF, ASF were almost decreased significantly. It resulted that the effects of oriental medical therapy in obesity was positive. And it was meaningful study to know about different effects between groups.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

Purpose : We investigated the correlation between body composition and lung function in healthy adults. Methods : This study included 204 healthy adults in whom all measurements were obtained once, and all data were analyzed using the SPSS software for Windows, version 22.0. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between body composition (represented by the total body water, protein mass, soft lean mass, mineral mass, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat percentage) and lung function (represented by the forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV₁], the FEV₁/FVC ratio, maximum voluntary ventilation [MVV], maximum expiratory pressure [MEP], and the maximum inspiratory pressure [MIP]). All measurements were obtained by two investigators to improve reliability. A significance level of α=.05 was used to verify statistical significance. Results : Among the lung function measurements obtained in both men and women, the FVC, FEV₁, MVV, and MIP were positively correlated with the total body water, protein mass, soft lean mass, mineral mass, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass in men (p<.05). The FEV₁/FVC ratio was negatively correlated with the total body water, soft lean mass, mineral mass, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass and the body fat percentage (p<.05). Notably, the FVC, FEV₁, and MVV were positively correlated with the total body water, protein mass, soft lean mass, mineral mass, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass in women (p<.05). Conclusion : This study showed a significant correlation between body composition and lung function in healthy adults. In combination with future studies on lung function, our results can provide objective evidence regarding the importance of prevention of lung disease, and our data can be utilized in rehabilitation programs for patients with respiratory diseases.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the change of bone mineral density(BMD) after 1 month Kirindiet therapy including very low calory diet(VLCD) in middle-aged obese women$(65>age{\geqq}40,\;BMI{\geqq}25)$ under normal $BMD(T-score{\leqq}0)$. Methods : We examined body weight, body fat, protein mass and BMD of 13 middle-aged obese women who visited to Kirin Oriental Hospital from Sep. 7. 2004 to Oct. 12. 2005 before and after 1 month Kirindiet therapy. Body weight, body fat and protein mass was checked by Inbody 4.0 and BMD was checked by quantitated computed tomography. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for analyzing changes of body weight, body fat, protein mass and BMD before and after treatment. Results : Alter 1 month treatment body weight(-4.89Kg, -6.74%, p=0.001), body fat(-3.47Kg, p=0.001) and protein mass(-0.97Kg, p=0.006) was significantly reduced. BMD was significantly increased in all cases(+4.87mg/cc, +4.16%, p=0.001). Though body weight, body fat and protein mass were significantly reduced, BMD was significantly increased(p<0.01). Conclusions : In this study, we can conclude that after 1 month Kirindiet therapy including VLCD, BMD in middle-aged obese women under normal BMD was significantly increased inspite of reduction of body weight, body fat and protein mass.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2023

Recently, as various examples of machine learning have been applied in the healthcare field, deep learning technology has been applied to various tasks, such as electrocardiogram examination and body composition analysis using wearable devices such as smart watches. To utilize deep learning, securing data is the most important procedure, where human intervention, such as data classification, is required. In this study, we propose a model that uses a clustering algorithm, namely, the K-means clustering, to label body fat according to gender and age considering body size aspects, such as chest circumference and waist circumference, and classifies body fat into five groups from high risk to low risk using a convolutional neural network (CNN). As a result of model validation, accuracy, precision, and recall results of more than 95% were obtained. Thus, rational decision making can be made in the field of healthcare or obesity analysis using the proposed method.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.787-793
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of kochujang and red pepper on energy intake, body fat content and energy expenditure in rats fed on high-fat(30%) diet. Kochujang and red pepper power were added in the high-fat diet, adjusting the level to 95 and 22g/kg diet, respectively, The level of red pepper addition was corresponding was corresponding to the level of the content of red pepper powder in the kichujang-added diet. Kochujang induced a 30% reduction in body fat gain which was associated with a significant increase in energy expenditure. However, red pepper reduced body fat gain by only 15%. Furthermore, energy expenditure was not affected by red pepper. Metabolizable energy intake, apparent digestibility and body protein gain were not affected by either kochujang or red pepper. It has been known that capsaicin, a pungent component of red pepper, enhances activity of brown adipose tissue through increasing protein content. In the present study, in addition of protein content, DNA content of interscapular brown adipose tissue was also increased by kochujang. Therefore, it appeared that the anti-obesity effects of kochujang was greater than those of red pepper, indicating more than red pepper was involved in the expression of the anti-obesity effects of kochujang(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 787-793, 2000)