• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.52-55
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• 2005

Complications following a well conducted epidural steroid injection are rare. A 50-year-old man developed a headache and neck stiffness 2 days after a lumbar epidural steroid injection. Under the impression of aseptic meningitis, fluid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy was started immediately after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. The CSF was turbid, and revealed a white blood cell count, protein, glucose and pressure of $550/{\mu}l$ (98% lymphocyte), 107.9 mg/dl, 48 mg/dl (serum 113 mg/dl) and $17cmH_2O$, respectively. The CSF stain and culture, and antibody test and polymerase chain reaction for pathogens were negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed no abnormality, and a chest roentgenogram and the results of the neurological examination were normal. Under the impression of aseptic meningitis, the condition was managed conservatively, without antibiotics. Seven days later, the clinical symptoms had improved, and the patient discharged.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Objectives : HRHDT has been known as a useful prescription with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and immunosuppressive activity. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of HRHDT, we treated HRHDT-skin in Balb/c mice model induced contact hypersensitivity. Methods : Contact hypersensitivity, a local inflammatory respinse of skin, was induced by spreading the back skin of Balb/c mice with 1% DNCB. HRHDT-skin was prepared by dissolving 3% 1,3-butylene glycol extract of HRHDT in solution and treated 2 weeks on the back skin. Results: HRHDT-skin significantly reduced TEWL and erythema by 0.4-1% of DNCB treatment compared with control group. HRHDT-skin reduced IgE on serum obtained from blood of DNCB-treated Balb/c mice. Histopathological examination showed that thickening of the epidermis, hyperkeratosis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were found in Balb/c mice under conventional circumstances. Conclusions : These results showed that HRHDT-skin could be used as a pharmaceutical material with antiinflammatory effects by reducing IgE in contact hypersensitivity dermatitis Balb/c mice by DNCB.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.399-402
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• 2011

In recent years, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from various tissues have been widely tested for developing cell therapies, tissue repair and transplantation. Although there has been much interest in the immunomodulatory properties of MSC and their immunologic reactions following autologous, allogeneic and xenogenic transplantation of MSC in vivo, up to date, the expression of immunogenic markers, such as class I and II human leukocyte antigens (HLA), after differentiation of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived MSC has been poorly investigated and require extensive in vitro and in vivo testing. In this experiment, the expression of the HLA-ABC and HLA-DR on hUCB-derived MSC have been tested by immunocytochemical staining. The undifferentiated MSC were moderately stained for HLA-ABC but very weakly for HLA-DR. In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of allogeneic lymphocytes on proliferation of MSC, the MSC were cultured in the presence or absence of peripheral allogeneic lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A. The allogeneic lymphocytes did not significantly inhibit MSC proliferation. We conclude that hUCB-MSC expressed moderately class I HLA antigen while almost negatively class II HLA antigen. The MSC have an immunomodulatory effect which can suppress the allogeneic response of lymphocytes. These in vitro data suggest that allogeneic MSC derived from cord blood can be useful candidate for allogeneic cell therapy and transplantation without a major risk of rejection.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.115-133
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• 1974

Although considerable research has been done on the changes associated with age in the blood picture of domestic and laboratory animals, little work has been made of the changes occurring at different age in the blood picture of goats. And a comprehensive survey of the bood picture of Korean native goats has not been made. The object of the present investigation was to suggest standards for the blood picture of Korean native goats at frequent intervals from birth to maturity. The goats were kept under average farming conditions in this country. Observations were made at the following ages: at birth; 2,4 and 7 days; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 weeks; 2.5, 3,6 and 12 months. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein. It was taken between 8 and 9 a.m. except those for the at-birth period. Erythrocyte and leukocyte enumerations and, determinations of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit value were made in the usual manner. Reticulocytes were enumerated per 1,000 erythrocytes in blood smears stained with briIliant cresyl blue and counterstained with Wright's stain. Erythrocytes counts declined from $8.7{\times}10^8/mm^3$ at birth to a low of 7.0 at 4 days of age. These values increased to 11.5 at 5 weeks and reached a maximum of 14.0 at 3 months of age; it then fell to 11.5 at 12 months of age. Concentrations of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit values were not related to the changes of erythrocyte counts. The values at birth were higher than at any other period during the first year of life. These fell from highs of 12.3 g/100 ml and 38.0 ml/100 ml to lows of 9.2 and 29 at 4 weeks for concentration of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit value, respectively. There was a common pattern for the hematocrit value and hemoglobin in blood which showed three phases-a fall during the first month, a rise to the third month, and a fall to the mature level at 12 months of age. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin showed a common pattern. The values were $44.2{\mu}m^3$ and 14.2 pg at birth and fell, at first slowly and then rapidly, to reach adult levels of 24.1 and 7.9 at 6 weeks of age for mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, respectively. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was little affected by age. Reticulocyte was observed from birth to 4 weeks of age. Percentage of reticulocyte decreased from 0.85% at birth to 0.06% at 4 weeks of age. Total leucocyte counts increased from $5.64{\times}10^3/mm^3$ at birth to a maximum of 13.4 at 3 months; it then fell to 11.5 at 12 months of age. In differential counts myelocyte, juvenile and band form decreased with advancing age. No myelocyte and juvenile were seen after the age of 7 and 9 weeks, respectively, and band forms were rare after the age of 3 months. Percentage of mature neutrophil showed a quick decline from 52.5% at birth to reach a minimum level (34.5%) at 3 months of age; it then rose to 38% at 12 months of age. Percentage of lymphocyte increased from 39.2% at birth to maximum of 59% at 3 month of age; it then fell to 54.9% at 12 months of age. Percentage of monocyte was not affected with advance of age. Percentage of eosinophil and basophil were increased with advance of age to reach a maximum at 2 to 3 month of age. It then fell to adult level at 12 month of age.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.599-606
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• 2001

연구배경 : 기존의 결핵진단 방법이외에 신속하고, 정확한 결핵진단법으로 결핵환자의 말초혈액에서 결핵균 PCR 검사를 시행하여 검사의 유용성과 말초혈액 결핵 PCR 검사 양성인 환자의 면역학적 상태 및 방사선학적 소견을 살펴보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 1998년 7월부터 1999년 8월까지 한림대학교 의료원에 내원하여 결핵이 의심 되었던 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 검체에서 항산균 도말검사 및 결핵균 배양 검사를 시행하였고 진단에 필요한 경우 조직검사를 시행한 환자들 중에서 3개월 이상 경과관찰이 가능하였던 59명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자 모두에서 말초혈액 결핵 PCR검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자 59명중 남자 39예, 여자 20예였으며, 평균 연령은 44.7세였다. 45예에서 결핵으로 최종 진단되었고, 이중 41예는 결핵균 배양검사 및 조직검사로 확진되었고, 4예는 임상적으로 진단되었다. 활동성 폐결핵이 아닌 14예 중 13예는 비활동성 결핵, 1예는 폐암으로 진단되었다. 말초혈액 결핵균 PCR 양성환자는 14예였으며, 이중 활동성 결핵이 13예, 폐암이 1예였다. 이들 말초혈액 결핵균 PCR 양성인 13예의 결핵 환자의 6예(46%) 에서 면역상태의 저하를 보였다. 결핵의 진단에 있어서 말초혈액 결핵균 PCR 검사의 민감도 29%, 특이도 93%, 양성 예측도와 음성 예측도가 각각 93%, 29% 였다. 결 론 : 말초혈액 결핵균 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사는 특이도가 높은 반면 민감도는 낮아 결핵 선별 검사로는 유용하지 않을 것으로 보인다. 그러나 양성예측도가 높아 검사가 양성인 경우 활동성 결핵의 조기 진단에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Carthami Flos herbal-acupuncture (CF-HA) at Joksamni($ST_{36}$) on arthritis in mice induced by Collagen II. Methods : The author performed several experimental items, including arthritis evaluation, change in weight, spleen size and stenosis rate, change in cytokine level, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II, change of immunocyte count and histological change of the CIA mouse joint. Conclusions are as follows: Results : 1. In the CF-HA, the arthritis index and rate and the incidence of arthritis were decreased as the experiment proceeded. 2. In the CF-HA, spleen swell and stenosis, joint edema and change were decreased. 3. In the CF-HA, the level of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in blood serum were significantly decreased. 4. In the CF-HA, the level of IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II were decreased. 5. In the CF- HA, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IFN-{\gamma}/IL-4$, IL-10 of the culture fluid was decreased. 6. In the CF-HA, the cell rate of $CD3e^+$ and $CD45R^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ in spleen was similar to the cell rate of the normal group. 7. In the CF-HA, the cell rate of $CD4^+/CD25^+$, $CD45R^+/CD69^+$ in a lymph node was decreased as in the normal group. 8. In the CF-HA, the cell rate of $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ in joints was decreased as in the normal group. 9. In the CF-HA, the cartilage destruction and the inflammation cell growth in the H&E stain were decreased. The collagen fiber in the M&T stain were less destructed, therefore the result was similar to the normal group. Conclusions : These results suggest that CH-HA at $ST_{36}$ has an effect in controlling immune reaction and suppressing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis therefore, the continuous flow of the following study is expected.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2006

동양의학 이론의 주요 관심사인 경락의 연구에 있어 생체 내 신호전달 체계와 해부학적 실체에 대한 단서를 확인하기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 1960년대 이루어졌던 봉한학설의 이론과 문헌을 근거로 하여 토끼의 복막에 존재하는 봉한관으로 생각되는 반투명의 회백색의 탄성이 있는 섬유상 구조물을 분리하여 조직학적으로 관찰하였다. 각 조직 샘플은 봉한관 확인을 위하여 hematoxylin eosin과 Masson's trichrome 염색, 교원섬유는 Van Gieson's 염색, 신경은 Kluver Barrera's luxol fast blul 염색을 하여 비교함으로써 구성성분에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 광학현미경상에서 관찰된 조직들은 교원섬유와 신경으로 구성된 집합체였으며 다발의 형태를 이루고 있었고, 여러 개의 myoid spindle형태의 세포들이 종으로 배열되어 있었다. 이러한 세포들은 신경의 슈반세포이며 봉한관의 myoid형태의 세포들과 같은 소견이었다. 같은 부위를 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 잘 배열된 교원섬유와 신경을 관찰할 수 있었으며 신경다발 사이로 교원섬유가 둘러싸고 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 복막에 존재하는 봉한관은 교원섬유와 어우러진 신경임을 확인할 수 있었고 신경과 어우러져 존재하는 교원섬유의 절연성과, 침의 치료에 있어 교원섬유가 주위의 신경과의 신호전달 체계에 영향을 미치는 점을 고려하여 볼 때 교원섬유와 신경 그리고 혈관의 유기적인 관계 속에서 교원섬유의 새로운 역할 규명에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate effects of Angelica gigas Nakai(AGN) on the ischemic injury by intraluminal filament insertion in the rats. Methods : The ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. AGN herbal acupuncture into SP10 was carried out during 3 weeks after ischemic injury. Eight-arm radial maze was designed for the behavioral task. AGN herbal acupuncture showed neuroprotective agents in cresyl violet, acetylcholinesterase(AchE), choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) and nerve growth factor(NGF)-stain. Then check the effect of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) according to AGN herbal acupuncture in rats. Results : The errors in the eight-arm radial maze task were significantly decreased in normal group compared with control group on 1~6days, AGN2(0.02g/kg) herbal acupuncture group on 1~5days, AGN3(0.1g/kg) on 1~3days, AGN4(0.5g/kg) on 1, 3~6days. The rate of correct choice was significantly increased in AGN1(0.01g/kg) and AGN4 herbal acupuncture groups. The density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 was the most increased in normal group and AGN1, AGN3, AGN4 herbal acupuncture groups compared with control group. The density of AchE in the hippocampal CA1 had a tendency to increase in all the groups when they were compared with control group, but not significant. The density of ChAT in the hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased in normal group and AGN1, AGN4 herbal acupuncture groups compared with control group. The density of NGF in the hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased AGN4 herbal acupuncture group compared with control group. The rCBF was significantly increased in AGN1, AGN3 and AGN4 herbal acupuncture groups without the change of blood pressure. Conclusions : These results suggest that AGN herbal acupuncture can be used for controlling stroke in early stage as herbal medication.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2000

Purpose : 백서의 간에서 나타나는 방사선조사에 의한 조직손상에서 IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, TNF 등의 cyokine과 apoptosis와의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 백서의 전신에 8 Gy의 방사선조사 후 각 1일, 3일, 5일, 7일, 14일에 간 조직의 변화를 현미경으로 관찰하고, apoptosis의 발현빈도를 확인하였으며, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6군 및 TNF 등의 cytoklne에 대해서 면역조직화학염색 방법과, 간 조직과 혈액에서의 IL-6의 생물학적 활성도 측정 및 방사선 면역측정 등의 실험을 하였다. 결과 : 방사선조사에 의한 간 손상은 광학현미경 소견상 방사선조사 후 1일부터 관찰되어, 3일과 5일에 염증세포의 침윤과 함께 가장 심하게 나타났고, 7일 이후부터는 섬유화가 시작되었다. Apoptosis의 발현빈도는 광학현미경 소견과 in situ detection method 모두에서 방사선조사 후 1일에 가장 높게 나타났다. 면역조직화학 염색소견상, IL기과 TNF의 발현은 조사 후 1일과 3일에 보였고, IL-4는 모든 군에서 발현되지 않았다. IL순는 방사선조사 후 1일과 3일에 강양성으로 나타난 후 점차 감소하였고, 간 조직과 혈액에서의 IL푼의 생물학적 활성도와 방사선면역측정에서도 방사선조사 후 1일에 가장 높고 이후 점차 감소하였다. 결론 : 간에 방사선조사를 시행한 결과 IL-1, IL-6군 및 TNF와 같은 cytokine의 발현이 증가되었으며, 이들 cylokine의 분비가 apoptosis를 유도함으로써 apoptosls가 방사선조사에 의한 간 손상에 중요한 기전의 하나로 작용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of Achyranthes Radix(AR) and electroacupuncture(EA) in rats with rheumatoid arthritis induced by type II collagen for 28 days. Control group was daily administered 0.9% NaCl 0.5 $m{\ell}$, Group I was daily administered 0.9% NaCl 0.5 $m{\ell}$ to arthritic rats, Group II was orally administered with Achyranthes Radix 500 mg/kg 0.5 $m{\ell}$ to arthritic rats. Group III was given 2 Hz EA of chok samni acupoint(ST36) in the test group for 30 min/days to arthritic rats. Group IV was daily orally administered with Achyranthes Radix 500 mg/kg 0.5 $m{\ell}$ and 2 Hz EA of chok samni acupoint(ST36) in the test group for 30 min/days to arthritic rats. This studies have been designed to evaluate the hind paw edema, assessment of arthritis indices, analgetic effects by analysis of blood chemistry(WBC, CRP, ALP, AST). In each group, histologic observations, Safranin O-fast green stain were observed and analyzed. The following results were obtained. Group II, III, IV were significantly decreased arthritis indices and the rate of paw edema compared with Group I . Especially group IV was the most significantly decreased. The WBC, CRP, AST, ALT was that Group II, III, IV were significantly decreased compared with Group I . In conclusion, Achyranthes Radix and Ea contribute to the improvement of blood chemistry and change in safranin O-fast green by knee joint of arthritic rats.