• Title/Summary/Keyword: blood glucose level

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Blood Glucose Measurement Principles of Non-invasive Blood Glucose Meter: Focused on the Detection Methods of Blood Glucose (무채혈 혈당 측정기의 혈당 측정 원리: 혈당 검출방법 중심으로)

  • Ahn, Wonsik;Kim, Jin-Tae
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.114-127
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    • 2012
  • Recent technical advancement allows noninvasive measurement of blood glucose. In this literature, we reviewed various noninvasive techniques for measuring glucose concentration. Optical or electrical methods have been investigated. Optical techniques include near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence technique, polarization, fluorescence, occlusion spectroscopy, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Electrical methods include reverse iontophoresis, impedance spectroscopy, and electromagnetic sensing. Ultrasound, detection from breath, or fluid harvesting technique can be used to measure blood glucose level. Combination of various methods is also promising. Although there are many interesting and promising technologies and devices, there need further researches until a commercially available non-invasive glucometer is popular.

Effect of the magnetized water supplementation on blood glucose, lymphocyte DNA damage, antioxidant status, and lipid profiles in STZ-induced rats

  • Lee, Hye-Jin;Kang, Myung-Hee
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.34-42
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    • 2013
  • This study investigated the effects of magnetized water supplementation on blood glucose, DNA damage, antioxidant status, and lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. There were three groups of 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study: control group (normal control group without diabetes); diabetes group (STZ-induced diabetes control); and magnetized water group (magnetized water supplemented after the induction of diabetes using STZ). Before initiating the study, diabetes was confirmed by measuring fasting blood glucose (FBS > 200 dl), and the magnetized water group received magnetized water for 8 weeks instead of general water. After 8 weeks, rats were sacrificed to measure the fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, glycated hemoglobin level, degree of DNA damage, antioxidant status, and lipid profiles. From the fourth week of magnetized water supplementation, blood glucose was decreased in the magnetized water group compared to the diabetes group, and such effect continued to the 8th week. The glycated hemoglobin content in the blood was increased in the diabetes group compared to the control group, but decreased significantly in the magnetized water group. However, decreased plasma insulin level due to induced diabetes was not increased by magnetized water supplementation. Increased blood and liver DNA damages in diabetes rats did significantly decrease after the administration of magnetized water. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities and plasma lipid profiles were not different among the three groups. In conclusion, the supplementation of magnetized water not only decreased the blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels but also reduced blood and liver DNA damages in STZ-induced diabetic rats. From the above results, it is suggested that the long-term intake of the magnetized water over 8 weeks may be beneficial in both prevention and treatment of complications in diabetic patients.

Preparation of Polyphosphazene Diagnostic Membranes for Blood Glucose Measurements (혈당측정을 위한 폴리포스파젠 진단막의 제조)

  • Kwon, Suk-Ky
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.329-335
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    • 2011
  • A new type of diagnostic membranes based on methoxyethoxy and trifluoroethoxy co-substituted polyphosphazene has been prepared to measure blood glucose level of diabetics. Final absorbances at 680 nm through activated polyphosphazene membranes were measured at various concentration of glucose in plasma or blood. The end-point results of varing absorbance values as time (K/S) was found to have a linear relationship toward the blood glucose concentration. The effects of substitution rates with hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups on the measurements of glucose concentration were studied. Dose-response slope (DRS) values between glucose concentration and K/S values increased as the hydrophilic substitution rates increased. However, in more than 30% of the substitution rates, it was difficult to measure exact concentration level of glucose because DRS increased rapidly.

Influence of Pre-operative Fasting Time on Blood Glucose in Older Patients (수술 전 금식이 노인환자의 혈당에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Mi-Suk;Yoon, Hae-Sang
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.157-164
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: This study was performed to identify changes in blood glucose at preoperative fasting time in surgical patients over 60 yr. Methods: Data collection was performed from July, 2008 through July, 2009. Participants consisted of 80 nondiabetic surgical patients. Blood glucose was checked from 3 to 5 times. The 5 times were 2-hr fasting on the pre-operative day (T1, n=80), 8 hr (T2, n=80), 10 hr (T3, n=17), 12 hr (T4, n=34) and 14 hr fasting on the day of the operation (T5, n=29). Results: Of the patients, 27.5% had a blood glucose level of less than 79 mg/dL at T2; 17.6% at T3; 32.4% at T4; and 17.2% at T5. Mean blood glucose levels were 93.8 mg/dL at T1; 88.4 mg/dL at T2; 91.7 mg/dL at T3; 87.4 mg/dL at T4: and 94.1 mg/dL at T5. Blood glucose was the lowest at T2 (p<.001). Conclusion: As 17.6-32.4% of the patients showed the blood glucose level of less than 79 mg/dL at 8-14 hr pre-operative fasting, the authors recommend that surgical patients p>60 yr-of-age be observed for hypoglycemia during pre-operative fasting of more than 10 hr and that surgical patients >60 yr-of-age with risks for hypoglycemia be scheduled for operation within 10 hr preoperative fasting.

Effect of Buckwheat Supplementation on Blood Glucose Levels and Blood Pressure in Rats (메밀 보충급여가 백서의 혈당 및 혈압에 미치는 영향)

  • Choe, Myeon;Kim, Jong-Dai;Park, Kyung-Suk;Oh, Sang-Yong;Lee, Sang-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.300-305
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    • 1991
  • To investigate possible effects of buckwheat on blood glucose level and blood pressure, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and fed either AIN-76 diet or modified AIN-76 diet with buckwheat flour for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, determinations of blood pressure and blood glucose level(glucose tolerance test) were performed. In order to determine insulin levels in both fasted and glucose loaded serum, the animals in both groups were subdivided into two groups. Blood pressure was slightly decreased in the group fed buckwheat( 6mmHg) but not significantly. Glucose tolerance curve of the animal fed buckwheat flour showed clearly different pattern from that of the control group with decreasing tendency. Mobilization of serum insulin was 1.5 times faster in buckwheat group than in control group 1 hour after glucose loading. Further research is needed to find what substance(s) in buckwheat do this role.

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The Positive Effect of LuoHanGuo as Sugar Substitute on Blood Glucose and Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

  • Lee, Yoon Jeong;Jeong, Jain;Kim, Myoung Ok;Nam, Ju-Ock
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.140-149
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    • 2016
  • This study intended to compare the effects of the sugar-Omija extract tea (SO) and LuoHanGuo-Omija extract tea (LO) to blood glucose levels and metabolism among streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and to prove the positive effects of LuoHanGuo extract as a sugar substitute. According to the results, the rate of blood glucose increase and the blood glucose level was reduced, and the weight was increased. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol was decreased, and albumin, total protein, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased in the STZ/LO group as compared to the STZ group. Compared to the STZ/SO group, the rate of blood glucose increase and glucose tolerance was decreased. AST, ALT, and total cholesterol was decreased, and HDL-C level was high. In conclusion, the LO displayed hypoglycemic effect, prevented weight loss caused by diabetes, recovered liver function, and improved lipid metabolism. In addition, such positive effects were obviously shown during comparison with the experimental group treated with the SO. Therefore, the LO were considered as favorable food supplements that can be safely taken by persons with diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and heart disease; they have to control their sugar intake as well as their diet.

Mode of Action of Water Soluble β-Glucan from Oat (Avena sativa) on Calorie Restriction Effect In-Vitro and In-Vivo Animal Models (In-Vitro, In-Vivo 동물모델에서 귀리 유래 수용성 베타-글루칸의 칼로리 제한 효과 작용기전 규명)

  • Kang, Hanna;Kim, Se-Chan;Kang, Yong Soo;Kwon, Young-In
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.1222-1228
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    • 2017
  • In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of water soluble ${\beta}-glucan$ from oat (Avena sativa) against various digestive enzymes such as ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, sucrase, maltase and glucoamylase. Inhibition of these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharide can significantly decrease the post-prandial increase of blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. The ${\beta}-glucan$ had the highest documented rate of small intestinal sucrase inhibitory activity (2.83 mg/mL, $IC_{50}$) relevant for potentially managing post-prandial hyperglycemia. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of ${\beta}-glucan$ on the level of post-prandial blood glucose in animal model. The post-prandial blood glucose levels were tested two hours after sucrose/starch administration, with and without ${\beta}-glucan$ (100, and 500 mg/kg-body weight). The maximum blood glucose levels (Cmax) of ${\beta}-glucan$ administration group were decreased by about 23% (from $219.06{\pm}27.82$ to $190.44{\pm}13.18$, p<0.05) and 10% (from $182.44{\pm}13.77$ to $165.64{\pm}10.59$, p<0.01) in starch and sucrose loading test, respectively, when compared to control in pharmacodynamics study. The ${\beta}-Glucan$ administration significantly lowered the mean, maximum, and minimum level of post-prandial blood glucose at 30 min after meal. In view of the foregoing, it is felt that our findings suggest that ${\beta}-glucan$ from oat serves to reduce post-prandial blood glucose rise secondary to slower absorption of glucose in the small intestine, via carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes inhibition.

Influence of Age and Fasting on the Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of Onion in Normal and Diabetic rat (정상 및 당뇨 흰쥐에서 주령과 절식에 의한 양파의 혈당조절작용 변화)

  • 문창현;정이숙;김민화;이수환;백은주;박세원
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.364-368
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    • 1997
  • Onion (Allium cepa Linn) has been reported to have hypoglycemic activity in human and several animal models. In the present study, we performed intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in young (1.5mo) and aged (5 mo) rats treated with onion in order to determine whether aging can influence on the anti-hy-perglycemic effect of onion. In addition, we investigated the hypoglycemic effect of onion in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous extracts of onion (500 mg/kg, i.p., daily) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose level was determined in fasted and fed rats by using a glucometer (Johnson & Johnson). In glucose tolerance test, blood glucose level was maximally increased 15 min after glucose load (2 g/kg, i.p.), and recovered to the basal level 3 hr after glucose challenge in young and old rats. The maximum blood glucose levels of young and aged rat were 184$\pm$7.49 and 225.2$\pm$ 12.55 mg/dl, respectively. A single i.p. injection of aqueous extract of onion (1 g/kg) 30 min before glucose challenge significantly decreased blood glucose levels at 15, 30, 60, 90 min after glucose load in aged rats, while the administration of onion did not show any significant effect in young rats. In onion-treated diabetic rats, significant hypoglycemic effect (p<0.05) was observed, and the effect was greater in fasted rats than in fed. In conclusion, these results suggest that anti-hyperlycemic effect of onion can be changed by age and fasting.

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Effects of Web-based Health Education on Blood Glucose and Blood Pressure Improvement in Postmenopausal Women with Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose (공복혈당장애 폐경여성을 위한 웹기반 건강교육의 혈당과 혈압 개선 효과)

  • Oh, Jeong-Ah;Kim, Hee-Seung;Park, Min-Jeong;Shim, Hye-Sun
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.724-731
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention that used both cellular phones and the Internet to provide a short messaging service (SMS) relating to blood glucose, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods: Twenty-eight postmenopausal women were assigned to an intervention group and twenty-one postmenopausal women to a control group. The intervention was provided for 12 weeks. Patients in the intervention group were asked to access a web site by using a cellular phone or to use the Internet directly and input their blood glucose and blood pressure levels weekly. Participants were sent the optimal recommendations weekly by both cellular phone and Internet. Results: The intervention group had a mean decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) level of 8.1 mmHg but changes for the control group were not significant. There was a significant mean change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level for the intervention group (-7.7 mmHg). The mean change in the control group was not significant. Conclusion: This educational intervention using the Internet and a SMS by cellular phone improved levels of SBP and DBP in postmenopausal women with IFG.

Urtica Dioica and Lamium Album Decrease Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 beta and Increase K-Ras in Diabetic Rats

  • Abedinzade, Mahmood;Rostampour, Mohammad;Mirzajani, Ebrahim;Khalesi, Zahra Bostani;Pourmirzaee, Tahere;Khanaki, Korosh
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.248-252
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: The aim of the present work is evaluating the special effects of Urtica Dioica and Lamium Album on the serum level of K-Ras and GSK-3 beta in diabetic rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 4 groups (Group I: normal control rats; receiving daily PBS, Group 2: diabetic control rats; receiving single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and daily PBS, Group 3: Diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of the U. dioica, Group 4: Diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of L. Album. Diabetes-induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/ kg). On the 14 th day of treatment, the weight, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and on 28 th day blood glucose, K-Ras and GSK3 beta was measured. Results: In diabetic group blood GSK- 3 beta increase in comparison to control group (P < 0.05), also blood K-Ras decrease in the diabetic group (P < 0.05). Both extracts reduced GSK-3 beta level, however, this reduction was only statistically significant by U.dioica (P < 0.05). Compared to diabetic group, blood K-Ras level increased by both extract (P < 0.05). Also diabetes induction increase blood glucose levels and both extracts decrease its level significantly (P < 0.05).there is no significant differences among both extract effects on blood glucose, and K-Ras. Conclusion: For the first time shown that both extracts by regulating GSK-3 beta and K-Ras improve blood glucose level. More studies are needed to determine all the effects of these herbs.