• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2017

Purpose: The American Society for Apheresis provides clinical guidelines for therapeutic apheresis in adults, but there are no guidelines for children. This study aimed to analyze the effect of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in pediatric patients with various kidney diseases in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 16 children (up to 18 years of age) who were admitted to Severance Children's Hospital with refractory kidney disease. All patients received TPE between 1994 and 2016. Clinical and laboratory characteristics such as age, weight, sex, change in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine level before and after TPE, and complications after TPE were analyzed. Results: The mean age and weight of the 16 patients at the time of TPE was $11.3{\pm}4.0$ years and $34.6{\pm}17.5$ kg, respectively. The BUN level was 35.4 mg/dL before TPE and significantly decreased to 21.5 mg/dL (P=0.025) at 1 week and 20.5 mg/dL (P= 0.01) at 1 month after TPE. The creatinine level significantly decreased from 1.20 mg/dL before TPE to 0.90 mg/dL (P=0.02) at 1 week after TPE. Four complications (hypovolemia, anemia, hypocalcemia, and thrombocytopenia) were reported, but were not fatal. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TPE is an effective therapeutic modality in children with refractory kidney disease and can be indicated for the treatment of various kidney diseases.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.143-153
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• 2006

The purpose of this work was to assess and quantify the beneficial effects of gas exchange, while testingto the various frequencies of the sinusoidal wave that was excited by the PZT actuator, for patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or chronic respiratory problems. Also, this paper considered a simulator to design a hollow type artificial lung, and a mathematical model was used to predict a behavior of blood. This simulation was carried out according to the Montecarno's simulation method, anda fourth order Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the equation. The experimental design and procedure are then applied to the construction of a new device to assess the effectiveness of the membrane vibrations. As a result, the vibration method is very effective in the increase of gas transport. The gas exchange efficiency for the vibrating intravascular lung assist device can be increased by emphasizing the following design features: consistent and reproducible fiber geometry, and most importantly, an active means of enhancing convective mixing of water around the hollow fiber membranes. The experimental results showed the effective performance of the vibrating intravascular lung assist device. Also, we concluded that important design parameters were blood flow rates, fiber outer diameter and oxygen pressure drop. Based on the present results, it was believed that the optimal level of blood flow rates was 200$cm^3$/min.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.771-779
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• 1985

It has been recognized that the proper matching of ventilation and perfusion within the lung is essential for the efficient exchange of gases following open heart surgery. Physiologic shunt reflects the amount of blood going to lung units with inadequate ventilation and these are also areas of the lung with adequate ventilation but inadequate blood flow. This can be quantified by measuring physiological dead space. From January to August 1985, The physiologic dead space and shunt during postoperative course had been taken in 30 patients of open heart surgery in Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Twenty cases had congenital heart disease and acquired valvular heart disease were noticed in 10 cases. The physiological dead space and shunt during postoperative periods were calculated and we made 5 items of conclusion: 1. There is high probability of ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the acquired heart disease group compared to the congenital group. 2. Duration of the CPB can exert significant influences in the physiological dead space but less in the shunt fraction. 3. There is positive relationship between Qs/Qt and Vd/Vt in the group B [CPB>90 min.] but less reliable in correlation. 4. Perfusion impairment is more significant in the diminished pulmonic blood flow group compared to the increased pulmonic blood flow [Qp/Qs>2.0] group. 5. There is no significant ventilation-perfusion mismatch within the lung during all postoperative courses.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2012

Objectives: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are man-made, persistent global pollutants widely diffused throughout the environment. They have been even found in the cord blood and breast milk of humans. Furthermore evidence of developmental toxicity in animals exists. To assess the distribution of maternal and fetal exposure to PFOS and PFOA, we analyzed paired maternal blood, cord blood and breast milk samples. Methods: Maternal blood, cord blood and breast milk were collected from 150 volunteers from the general population (aged 20-40, mean $30.5{\pm}2.9$) of the city of Busan in 2009-2010. The samples were extracted using the weak anion exchange and solid-phase extraction methods and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC, Agilent 1200 Series) coupled with an Triple Quad LC-MS/MS system (Agilent 6410). Results: Median PFOA and PFOS concentrations in maternal blood were 2.18 and 3.32 ng/ml, in cord blood were 0.83 and 0.58 ng/ml, and in breast milk were 0.13 and 0.11 ng/ml, respectively. PFOS and PFOA concentrations were significantly correlated among matrices (Spearson's ${\rho}=0.226$, p = 0.05 for maternal blood; ${\rho}=0.736$, p < 0.01 for cord blood; ${\rho}=0.493$ p < 0.01 for breast milk). The ratio of cord blood/maternal blood was 0.39 for PFOA and 0.19 for PFOS. The ratio of breast milk/maternal blood was 0.07 for PFOA and 0.06 for PFOS. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PFOA and PFOS exposure through the placenta was more prominent than through breast milk among Korean neonates born in Busan. The transfer efficiency of maternal blood to breast milk was similar between PFOA and PFOS, but that of maternal blood to cord blood was higher in PFOA than PFOS.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-103
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• 2015

In oral and maxillofacial surgery, many complications associated with nasotracheal tube can be caused. In this case, we reported ballooning tube damage of nasotracheal tube during orthognathic double-jaw surgery and replacement of tube through cut down of tube and tube exchange using airway exchange catheter. The patient scheduled for high Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was intubated nasotracheally with nasal endotracheal tube. During maxilla osteotomy, air bubble was detected in the oral blood. In spite of our repeated ballooning, the results were the same so we changed damaged tube using airway exchange catheter aseptically. Tiny and superficial cutting site was detected in the middle of pilot tube. As we know in our case, tiny injury impeded a normal airway management and prevention is important.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 1996

In order to compare the suppressive effect of quercetin and several its glycosides, such as quercitrin (quercetin-3-rhamnoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside), hyperin (quercetin-3-galactoside) and tutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside), on the genotoxicity by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU), in vitro sister chromatid exchange(SCE) test using mouse spleen lymphocytes and in vivo micronucleus test using mouse peripheral blood were performed. MNU-induced SCEs in vitro were not decreased by the simultaneous treatment of test compounds. Among them, quercetin and hyperin showed significant suppressive effects at high dose(10-5M). On the other hand, MNU-induced micronucleated reticulocytes(MNRETS) in vivo were significantly decreased with good dose-dependent manner in all compound tested. However, there were not significant differences between quercetin aglycone and its glycosides in the suppressive aglycone and its glycosides may act as an antigenotoxic agent in vivo and may be useful as a chemopreventive agent of alkylating agent.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.494-499
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• 2005

Transportation routes by land like a human being blood vessel should exist for economic and trade exchange in Northeast Asia. Thinking from this point of view. I believe that TSR(Trans Siberian Railroad) and TCR(Trans Chinese Railroad). which will be connected with I would like to talk about .not only the effects of various international railroads and their connections but also economic activation TKR(Trans Korean Railroad). can play important roles. In this study, and effects in Northeast Asia which will be resulted from various international railroads construction. I tried to figure out comparative superiority and comparative advantage of the trade structure and industries in South and North Korea to find out the possibility of economic unification in East Asia. especial1y in Northeast Asia. This study also includes the effort to find out how trade exchange between South and North Korea can be expanded as a result of being a member of East Asia economic zone.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2002

An improved kinetic assay for prekallikrein activator (PKA), a potential vasodilator, has been developed to be used as an indicator for quality control during production of human albumin preparations. It consists of two reaction stages. In the first stage, PKA and prekallikrein are incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 45 min to allow the transformation into kallikrein. Kallikrein, a serine protease, catalyzes the splitting of p-nitroaniline (pNA) from its substrate H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA(S-2302). The rate at which pNA is released was measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. Prekallikrein, a substrate of PKA was purified by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography and the major potential variations in the assay were optimized; pH 8.0 and 150 mM sodium chloride were chosen to give a proper ionic strength. Reaction times in the range of 10 to 360 min provided linear dose-response curves. The concentration of prekallikrein was adjusted to fall between 1:1 and 1:3 dilutions to generate a linear standard calibration curve. Under the optimized conditions, reproducibility was checked. In a precision test, the coefficient of variation (CV) stayed within ${\pm}4%$ and the dose-response curve showed a good correlation (${r^2}=0.999$). An accuracy test with an international standard of PKA afforded a mean recovery of 97.5%.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 2001

A $Ca^{2+}$_dependent PLA$_2$activity termed rPLA$_2$, was detected in the cytosol of bovine red blood cells (RBCs). The rPLA$_2$was characterized as a similar form to Group IV cPLA$_2$, but different in several column chromatographic profiles including an anion exchange column. To examine whether this rPLA$_2$is different from the well characterized cPLA$_2$, a quinone derivative, BJ50, was developed and tested for the inhibitory effect on the two PLA$_2$enzymes. The rPLA$_2$activity was inhibited by a quinone derivative (BJ50) with ID$_{50}$ of 20 $\mu$M., but had no effect on the cPLA$_2$, suggesting that rPLA$_2$may be a novel type of cytosolic PLA$_2$in RBCs.s.s.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2024

The development and differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) are fundamental processes with significant implications for both health and disease. ECs, which are found in all organs and blood vessels, play a crucial role in facilitating nutrient and waste exchange and maintaining proper vessel function. Understanding the intricate signaling pathways involved in EC development holds great promise for enhancing vascularization, tissue engineering, and vascular regeneration. Hematopoietic stem cells originating from hemogenic ECs, give rise to diverse immune cell populations, and the interaction between ECs and immune cells is vital for maintaining vascular integrity and regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of vascular development pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer, where tumor-specific ECs promote tumor growth through angiogenesis. Recent advancements in single-cell genomics and in vivo genetic labeling have shed light on EC development, plasticity, and heterogeneity, uncovering tissue-specific gene expression and crucial signaling pathways. This review explores the potential of ECs in various applications, presenting novel opportunities for advancing vascular medicine and treatment strategies.