• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.617-625
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• 2007

Samul-Tang (SMT) has been used for nourishing of the blood, hematopoiesis as a herbal medicine history. The purpose of this study is to find out anti-allergic inflammatory reaction of SMT. To clarify the mechanism, the effect of SMT on vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue and histamine and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-${\alpha}$) release from mast cells were observed. The results are the pretreatment with SMT significantly decreased the compound 48/80-induced degranulation and histamine release from RPMC, SMT also inhibited the anti-DNP lgE-induced increment of vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue. SMT significantly reduced the PMA plus A23187-induced increment of expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in HMC-1 Cell. The Present study provide evidence that SMT inhibits mast cell-derived inflammatory allergic reactions by blocking histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and suggest the mechanisms of action. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro anti-allergic effect of SMT suggests a possible therapeutic application of this agent in inflammatory allergic diseases.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1103-1110
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Several epidemiological studies have validated the association of interleukin gene polymorphisms with acute pancreatitis (AP) in different populations. However, there have been few studies in Asian ethnic groups. We aimed to investigate the relationships between inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms and AP as pilot research in a Korean ethnic group. Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed with AP were prospectively enrolled. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and DNA sequencing was subsequently performed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL1B), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNFA) genes of patients with AP were compared to those of normal controls. Results: Between January 2011 and January 2013, a total of 65 subjects were enrolled (40 patients with AP vs. 25 healthy controls). One intronic SNP (IL1RN -1129T>C, rs4251961) was significantly associated with the risk of AP (odds ratio, 0.304; 95% confidence interval, 0.095 to 0.967; p = 0.043). However, in our study, AP was not found to be associated with polymorphisms in the promoter regions of inflammatory cytokine genes, including IL1B (-118C>T, c47+242C>T, +3954C/T, and -598T>C) and TNFA (-1211T>C, -1043C>A, -1037C>T, -488G>A, and -418G>A). Conclusions: IL1RN -1129T>C (rs4251961) genotypes might be associated with a significant increase of AP risk in a Korean ethnic group.

• 대한융합한의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Objectives: TSepsis and subsequent acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical state of health caused by infection or endotoxins. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Water Extract of Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (AR) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to induce sepsis and ALI. AR was orally fed twice at 30 min and 180 min after LPS injection. At 24 h post injection, mice were sacrificed, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood was collected, and lung tissue was harvested. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed in lung tissues, wet/dry ratio of the lung tissue was measured, and the serum cytokine and chemokine levels were analyzed. Results: AR revoked the LPS-induced pathological changes in lung tissues, such as abnormal histological structures, immune cell infiltration and lung edema. Also, AR suppressed the neutrophil infiltration into the lung which was greatly increased by LPS injection based on the cell content of collected BALF. Serum cytokines and chemokines were measured, and AR reversed the LPS-induced increase of cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and chemokines including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 and 2. Conclusion: TAR showed a protective effect in the pathological progress of LPS-induced ALI. Especially, AR suppressed lung edema and infiltration of neutrophils by inhibiting cytokine and chemokine expressions. Such results demonstrate the potential of AR as a therapeutic agent for sepsis and sepsis-induced ALI.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune activation effect of Sasamsaengmaek-san (SSSMS) consisted of a mixture of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica, Liriope platyphylla, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Schisandra chinensis. in Balb/c mice. Measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic acid transaminase (AST) levels in Balb/c mice was performed to analyze the cytotoxicity. Cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) which regulate the immune activation in Balb/c mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activated T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), spleen, lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry using percentages. All tests were compared with red ginseng 100 ㎍/mL (RG 100), which is the most used for immune activity. As a result, cytokine activity was significantly increased at SSSMS 300 group. Activated T lymphocytes in PBMC, spleen, lymph nodes were significantly increased at SSSMS 300 group. These results suggest that there is a possibility of SSSMS activating an immune system by activating the cytokines, and it is confirmed that SSSMS also effective for generation and differentiation of T, B lymphocytes which activate the immune response.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Eungapbang extract (EGB). Methods: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of EGB, we nourished RAW 264.7 cell lines in the laboratory dish. Next, inflammatory cytokine concentrations were analyzed. Then, sera were prepared from blood after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in chemically induced mouse models of intestinal inflammation, and Interleukin-1${\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) were measured using ELISA kits. Results: 1. EGB significantly suppressed the expression levels of IL-1${\beta}$ and NOS-II genes at 100, 50 and 10 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations, and IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and COX-2 mRNAs at 100 and 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations. 2. EGB significantly reduced the production level of IL-1${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ at 100${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations, and IL-6 at 100 and 50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations. 3. EGB significantly decreased the production level of IL-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 in sera of acute inflammation induced mice. 4. EGB could suppress the expression level of IL-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 mRNA in spleen tissues in acute inflammation induced mice. Conclusion: On the basis of the above results, it is confirmed that the anti-inflammatory effects of EGB were recognized. Therefore, EGB is recommended as promising therapy for treatment of such ailments as pelvic inflammatory disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2024

Background: Although the survival outcomes of childhood cancer patients have improved, childhood cancer survivors suffer from various degrees of immune dysfunction or delayed immune reconstitution. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on T cell recovery in childhood cancer patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) from the perspective of inflammatory and senescent phenotypes. Methods: This was a single-arm exploratory trial. The KRG group (n = 15) received KRG powder from month 1 to month 12 post-ASCT. We compared the results of the KRG group with those of the control group (n = 23). The proportions of T cell populations, senescent phenotypes, and cytokine production profiles were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-ASCT using peripheral blood samples. Results: All patients in the KRG group completed the treatment without any safety issues and showed a comparable T cell repopulation pattern to that in the control group. In particular, KRG administration influenced the repopulation of CD4⁺ T cells via T cell expansion and differentiation into effector memory cell re-expressing CD45RA (EMRA) cells. Although the KRG group showed an increase in the number of CD4⁺ EMRA cells, the expression of senescent and exhausted markers in these cells decreased, and the capacity for senescence-related cytokine production in the senescent CD28^- subset was ameliorated. Conclusions: These findings suggest that KRG promotes the repopulation of CD4⁺ EMRA T cells and regulates phenotypical and functional senescent changes after ASCT in pediatric patients with cancer.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Onion, particularly onion peel, is a quercetin-rich food with, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, the effect of onion peel extract (OPE) in humans is unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether OPE improves natural killer (NK) cell activity and cytokine concentration in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Eighty participants aged 19-64 yrs old with a white blood cell count of 4,000-10,000 cells/µL, symptoms of upper respiratory infection at least once within the previous 12 mon, and perceived stress scale (PSS) over 14 were included. Participants were randomly assigned to take either 1,000 mg/day OPE or a placebo for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compliance were 87.4 ± 8.6% and 86.9 ± 79.0% in OPE and placebo groups. Compared to the placebo, OPE supplementation improved "Hoarseness" (P = 0.038) of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS)-21 symptom, and stress scores (P = 0.001; 0.021) of PSS. Supplementation of OPE had no significant effect on NK cell activity and concentrations of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α. At baseline, the WURSS-21 symptom and PSS score (P = 0.024; 0.026) were higher in the OPE group than the placebo group. Among participants with higher than median WURSS-21 symptom score, OPE supplementation increased NK cell activity (P = 0.038). Supplementation of OPE had no significant effects on safety measurements and adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggested that OPE supplementation improves NK cell activity in participants with moderate upper respiratory symptoms without any significant adverse effects.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.583-598
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• 2020

Objective: The aims of this study were to analyze deficiency-excess pattern identification and to compare the blood cytokines in patients with asthma. Methods: A total of 112 patients with asthma who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome groups. Blood was examined for eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA), a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and heart rate variability (HRV) tests were administered to both groups. Results: Pattern identification divided the 112 patients into two categories: a deficiency syndrome group (N=52) and an excess syndrome group (N=60). Analysis of blood cytokines showed higher levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the deficient pattern than in the excess pattern group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Analysis of the HRV revealed a significantly higher mean value for the very-low-frequency (VLF) and high-frequency (HF) bands in the deficiency than in the excess syndrome group. The morbidity duration was longer in the deficiency than in the excess syndrome group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Analysis of the QLQAKA and VAS scores showed a negative correlation, whereas BMI and VAS showed a positive correlation. Conclusions: Levels of blood cytokines, including eotaxin, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α, did not differ statistically between the deficiency and excess syndrome groups. The development of a more accurate asthma-specific pattern identification tool would be useful in asthma control.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2011

본 연구는 구멍갈파래 급여가 육계 혈액 내 항산화, 면역조절 효과에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 실시 하였으며, 이를 위해 LPS로 염증반응이 유도된 육계에서 혈액 SOD 유사 활성, immunoglobulin 농도 및 비장 조직 내 cytokine mRNA 발현을 조사하였다. 공시계로는 1일령 Ross종 육계수컷 96수를 선별하여, 육계전기(0~3주), 육계후기(3~5주)의 5주 동안 사양시험을 실시하였다. 처리당 24수(3수${\times}$8반복)씩 4처리구에 총 96수를 임의배치 하여 실시하였다. 시험구 배치는 무첨가구(Negative Control ; NC), 시판 면역증강제 첨가구(Positive Control ; PC, ${\beta}$-glucan 25 ppm), 구멍갈파래 분말 3% 첨가구(Ulva pertusa kjellman Powder ; Ulva P) 및 구멍갈파래 추출물 0.3% 첨가구(Ulva pertusa kjellman Extract ; Ulva E)로 배치하였다. 혈액 내 SOD 유사 활성을 분석한 결과 구멍갈파래 첨가구 (Ulva P, Ulva E)는 무첨가구와 면역제제 첨가구보다 높은 항산화 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). immunoglobulin 농도에서 IgA와 IgG 농도는 처리구간의 차이가 나타나지 않았지만 IgM농도에서 구멍갈파래 추출물 처리구가 무첨가구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 이는 구멍갈파래 추출물이 LPS에 대한 면역자극을 조절하여 과잉면역반응을 억제한 것으로 사료된다. 비장 조직 내 cytokine mRNA 발현량을 조사한 결과 IL-1, IL-2 및 IL-6에서 처리구별 공통적인 차이를 나타내었는데 구멍갈파래 처리구(Ulva P, Ulva E)의 mRNA 발현 비율이 무첨가구와 면역제제 처리구에 비해 낮았으며, 구멍갈파래 처리 간 비교에서 구멍갈파래 추출물이 분말보다 더 낮았다(P<0.05). iNOS의 경우 구멍갈파래 분말 첨가구는 무첨가구와 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 구멍갈파래 추출물 첨가구는 모든 처리구보다 iNOS의 발현이 낮았다(P<0.05). 구멍갈파래 분말과 추출물은 LPS 주입에 의한 염증 관련 사이토카인 mRNA 발현을 억제하는 경향을 나타내며, 특히 구멍갈파래 추출물이 발현억제 효과가 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과 육계에서 구멍갈파래 급여는 염증, 질병의 원인인 활성산소 제거에 효과가 있다고 사료된다. 특히 구멍갈파래 추출물은 혈액 내 IgM의 농도를 조절하여 외부항원에 대한 과잉면역반응을 억제하고 염증 관련 cytokine mRNA 발현을 억제하여 육계 면역조절에 긍적적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.502-508
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• 1998

인공 심폐기를 이용한 체외순환은 우리 몸에 전신적인 염증반응을 일으키므로 수술후에 여러장기의 기능부전을 초래할수 있다. 이러한 염증반응은 체외순환후 체액성, 세포성 및 보체계등의 면역계가 활성화 되어 전체적인 염증반응을 일으키는 것으로 일부연구에서 보고하고 있으며, 이러한 염증반응에는 Tumor Necrosis Factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$)를 비롯한, Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 등의 cytokine등 이 전구물질로써 중요한역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 교실에서는 이러한 cytokine의 유리를 억제함으로 체외순환후 염증반응을 줄일수 있다는 가정하에 항염증작용이 있는 부신피질 호르몬을 체외순환전에 투여함으로서 염증반응이 현저히 감소하는지를 혈청내 TNF-$\alpha$를 측정하여 비교 연구하였다. 1996년 6월부터 1996년 8월까지 심장수술환자 20명에서 전향적 연구를 했다. 10명의 비교군은 수술 하루전, 마취전, 체외순환 시작 5분후, 대동맥 차단시작 5분후, 대동맥 차단 끝나기 5분전, 체외순환 끝나기 5분전, 재관류후 2시간, 4시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간 별로 10cc씩 채혈하여 TNF-$\alpha$의 수치를 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였고 10명의 스테로이드군은 마취 1시간전에 부신피질 호르몬(Dexamethasone 1mg/Kg)을 정맥주사하고 채혈은 비교군과 같게 했다. 그리고 양군에서 수술전 심전도 및 혈청내 LDH, CPK 효소치와 백혈구 수치를 측정하고 수술후 1일째, 3일째 재측정하였으며, 수술후 3일째내에 환자의 혈압동태 ,폐기능 상태 및 회복상태를 관찰하여 비교하였다. 환자군 간에 LDH 및 백혈구 수치간에 의미있는 차이는 없었으나 CPK 수치가 수술후 첫째날/세째날 비교군이 1122$\pm$456/864 $\pm$42 이고 스테로이드군은 567$\pm$471/325$\pm$87로 큰 차이를 보였고(P=0.002), CPK-MB 효소는 술후 1일째 비교군이 106.4, 스테로이드군이 29.5로 이의있는 차이를 보여주었으나(P=0.02) 수술후 3일째에는 두 군간의 차이가 없었다. 수술후 72시간 관찰기간중 비교군에서 4명의 환자가 3번 이상의 저혈압으로 처치가 필요했고 38$^{\circ}C$ 이상의 발열은 3명의 환자에서 있었다. 환자군 간에 대동맥 차단시간과 체외순환 시간간에 의미있는 차이는 없었고, 인공호흡기 부착시간과 중환자실 체류기간, 입원기간 비교에 있어 스테로이드군이 적은 수치를 보였으나 통계학적 의미는 없었다. TNF-$\alpha$는 대동맥 차단 5분후부터 체외순환 끝나기 5분전까지 양군에서 현저히 증가하였는데 비교군은 체외순환 끝나기 5분 전에 측정한 수치의 평균은 22.3$\pm$6.8 pg/ml였고, 스테로이드군은 대동맥 차단 끝나기 5분 전에 측정한 수치의 평균은 11.9$\pm$4.7 pg/ml였다. 이상의 연구결과에서 수술전 부신피질 호르몬을 정주함으로 체외순환시 Cytokine의 분비를 억제하여, cytokine으로 인한 심장수술후 발생할수있는 전신적 염증반응을 감소시킬것으로 기대되므로 수술후 환자의 중환자실 체류기간, 입원기간 및 합병증률을 줄일 수 있으리라 생각된다.