• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.839-850
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• 1993

This study investigated the hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects of linolenic acid derived from Korean perilla oil. The experimental rats(male, Sprague-Dawley) were divided into 5 groups using a Randomized Complete Block Design and fed one of the five following diets : DO*/O#. D4/O, D4/4, D4/8, or D4/20(D*/# represents the ratio of linoleic to linoenic acid as the percentage of total dietary energy intake) for 4 or 8 months. Bleeding time and whole blood clotting time were determined and the composition of serum and platelet lipids analyzed. Comparisons from the DO/O to the D4/20 group showed that serum lipids (total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol) gradually decreased with increasing linolenic acid intake - the hypolipidemic effect. The composition of platelet fatty acids[the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)/arachidonci aci(AA)] increased gradually with increasing linolenic acid intake. Higher linolenic acid intake increased bleeding time and whole blood clotting time, and decreased malondialdehyde(MDA) production in the platelets, though no significant differences. These results suggest that linolenic acid derived from perilla oil appears to suppress the conversion of linoleic acid to AA and the EPA transformed from linolenic acid appears to suppress the conversion of AA to TXA2. Since TXA2 is a platelet-aggregating and vasoconstricting agent, the redulction of TXA2 released by platelets with increasing intake of perilla oil containing a lot of linolenic acid confers an antithrombotic effect.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2000

SK-1080 is one of the newly developed orally active nonpeptide angiotensinII $AT_1-receptor$ antagonist that selectively acts at $AT_1$ receptor with high affinity. The cardiac effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury of SK-1080 was compared with those of losartan, a prototype of this class, in isolated rat hearts. Isolated perfused rat heart was pretreated with drug for 10 min and then subjected to global ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion with- or without drug for 30 min. The possible additive effect of SK-1080 on the platelet aggregation and coagulation in human blood was also studied. We investigated whether SK-1080 effects the platelet aggregation induced by ADP, a platelet agonist partially dependent on $thromboxaneA_2$. The clotting times in the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were also examined in human plasma in vitro as coagulation screening test. SK-1080 improved reperfusion function (LVDP, left ventricular developed pressure; PRP, rate-pressure product) in a dose-dependent manner. SK-1080 reduced ADP-induced platelet aggregation compared with vehicle but less than losartan, and did not affect clotting times.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to prepare a binder containing porcine blood transglutaminase (TGase), thrombin and fibrinogen. Extracted TGase, thrombin and fibrinogen were used alone or mixed with different proportions of their volume (v/v/v) by nine combinations as follows were 0.5:1:15, 0.5:1:20, 0.5:1:25, 1:1:15, 1:1:20, 1:1:25, 1.5:1:15, 1.5:1:20 and 1.5:1:25, respectively. Five ml of each combination were mixed with 0.6 ml of 0.25 M calcium chloride before experiment. After storage at 4C for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks, enzyme activity, total plate count, pH value, and SDS-PAGE of TGase, thrombin and fibrinogen were tested and pH value, clotting time and gel strength of the nine combination binders were determined. The results showed that total plate count of thrombin and pH value of TGase were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in other treatments. SDS-PAGE results showed that purified TGase, thrombin and fibrinogen from porcine blood plasma compared with commercial products (Sigma) had the same band patterns and nine different combination binders had no significant effect. Enzymatic activity of TGase and thrombin decreased as storage time increased. Total plate count of TGase, thrombin and fibrinogen and clotting time of the binder increased as storage time increased. The higher amount of fibrinogen in combinations, the stronger the gel strength.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1980

Heparin would have been used for preventing clotting of blood during extracorporeal circulation and subsequent use of protamine sulfate and made possible the neutralization of heparin. This procedure has been adopted for eliminating one of the great causes of bleeding, especially in cardiac surgery. In this experiment, the hypocoagulability of blood induced by heparin followed by neutralization with treatment of protamine sulfate were estimated by the Lee-White clotting time [CT], partial thromboplastin time [PTT] and protamine titration test. The results were as follows: 1] Comparison of clotting time between the heparinized [2.0 mg/kg] and non-heparinized dogs was done using CT and PT`I` of the blood. In heparinized group [Group I], the CT lasted infinitively and prolongation of PTT [4 times than normal] until 60 minutes. The CT [2 times] and PTT [3 times] has been shortened after 90 minutes, however they returned to normal limit level within 180 minutes. 2] The determination of appropriate ratio of heparin and protamine In vivo were performed. The group II [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 1.0 mg/kg] revealed rapid decrease of CT and PTT, but returned to normal after 120 minutes. The group III [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 2.0 mg/kg] returned rapidly to normal within 15 minutes. The group IV [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 3.0 mg/kg] recovered its normal level after 60 minutes. The group V [heparin 2.0 mg/kg, protamine 4.0 mg/kg] recovered its normal level after 90 minutes. 3] In the combined experimental study In vivo and vitro, the protamine titration test was done using the dog which were given 2.0 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg of heparin, respectively and coagulation time were checked after 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The complete neutralization was showed to be heparin-protamine ratio of 1:1 to 1.5. 4] In vitro study, fresh blood was drawn into known amount of heparin content [20, 40, 60 and 100/ug per 1 ml of blood] syringe, thereafter protamine titration test was done. In all cases, the complete neutralization was found in heparin-protamine ratio of 1:0.85 to 1.5. 5] It was found by the present experiment that the ideal heparin-protamine ratio was 1:1 within 60 minutes and 1:0.5 after 60 minutes for avoiding the serious side effect due to overadministration of protamine sulfate.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2015

Background: Heart attack is the most common cause of line-of-duty death in the fire service. Daily aspirin therapy is a preventative measure used to reduce the morbidity of heart attacks but may decrease the ability to dissipate heat by reducing skin blood flow. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, firefighters were randomized to receive 14 days of therapy (81-mg aspirin or placebo) before performing treadmill exercise in thermal-protective clothing in a hot room [$38.8{\pm}2.1^{\circ}C$, $24.9{\pm}9.1%$ relative humidity (RH)]. Three weeks without therapy was provided before crossing to the other arm. Firefighters completed a baseline skin blood-flow assessment via laser Doppler flowmetry; skin was heated to $44^{\circ}C$ to achieve maximal cutaneous vasodilation. Skin blood flow was measured before and after exercise in a hot room, and at 0 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes of recovery under temperature conditions ($25.3{\pm}1.2^{\circ}C$, $40.3{\pm}13.7%\;RH$). Platelet clotting time was assessed before drug administration, and before and after exercise. Results: Fifteen firefighters completed the study. Aspirin increased clotting time before and after exercise compared with placebo (p = 0.003). There were no differences in absolute skin blood flow between groups (p = 0.35). Following exercise, cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was $85{\pm}42%$ of maximum in the aspirin and $76{\pm}37%$ in the placebo groups. The percentage of maximal CVC did not differ by treatment before or after recovery. Neither maximal core body temperature nor heart rate responses to exercise differed between trials. Conclusion: There were no differences in skin blood flow during uncompensable heat stress following exercise after aspirin or placebo therapy.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2006

Bacillus subtilis BB-1 (KFCC l1344P)으로부터 분리된 혈전용해효소 유전자 (BCF-1)를 대량발현 벡터인 pEB 벡터에 크로닝하여 순수분리 된 혈전용해효소를 rat 경구 투여하여 출혈시간, 혈액의 응고, serum의 혈전용해능 등에 대한 in vivo 실험을 실시하였으며, 혈전용해효소의 단회경구투여에 따른 독성을 검사하였다. 효소의 경구투여에 따른 rat의 출혈시간에서는 대조군에 비하여 모든 경구 투여군에서 출혈시간이 유의적으로 약 1.75배 이상 길게 나타남을 확인하였고(P<0.05), 혈액의 출혈시간 또한 활발히 진행됨을 관찰하였다. 혈액으로부터 분리된 serum의 혈전용해작용 있어서는 경구투여 후 1시간부터 채혈한 혈액 내에서 혈전용해효소의 활성이 검출되기 시작하여 3시간째까지 높은 활성을 보였으며 4시간째부터 서서히 활성이 감소하는 것을 확인하였고 혈액의 응고 역시 대조군에 비하여 경구 투여군에서 상당히 지연되는 것을 알 수 있었다. Western blot에 의한 효소 검출에서는 경구 투여군에서 30,000 Da 크기의 단일밴드를 확인하였으며, 혈전용해효소의 rat에 대한 단회경구투여 독성실험에서 중량의 변화, 장기의 이상여부, 사망률 등에서 어떠한 이상이나 병변이 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 동물실험을 통한 혈전용해 효소의 경구투여에 의한 작용을 혈액 내에서 확인 할 수 있었으며, 본 효소의 단회 경구투여 시의 독성은 전혀 없음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.862-871
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of ginseng intakes in modifying serum lipid profiles and plasma clotting factors. The participants in this study were 47 normal healthy volunteers(men 24, women 23) with an age range of 35-49 years and a mean age of 41 years residing in Taejon. Based on the diet intakes, subjects were classed into one of three groups : control, vegetarian, and ginseng consumed over 3-4 years. There was no significant difference in their physical characteristics. Dietary calorie intakes were not significantly different in subjects. The ratio of energy intake in the control and ginseng consumed group was 63-64% : 20-21% : 15-16%(Cho : Fat : Pro), but 70-73% : 13-14% :14-15%(Cho : Fat : Pro) in the vegetarians. The intakes of animal food in the vegetarian was significantly lower than the control and ginseng consumed group in men. The ratio of P/S(1.27) was the highest in the vegetarians. Venous blood samples were taken for serum lipid profiling, plasma clotting assay and platelet function. The concentration of serum triglyceride in the men ginseng group is significantly lower than those of the men control group. Serum lipid profiles values of the men ginseng group, such as total cholesterol and phospholipid were lower those of the men control group, but higher those of the men vegetarian group. the serum lipid profile in the women were not significant, but total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels in the ginseng groups were low. The concentration of HDL cholesterol was not significantly different. Platelet cell count and platelet aggregation were low in the ginseng groups. APTT(Activated Partial thromboplastin time) was significantly elongated in ginseng groups in the normal range. In seems that the major beneficial effects of ginseng intakes in especially men were on the blood concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and elongation of plasma clotting time.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2001

In the advanced age, cardiovascular disease is more serious than any other disease. Especially, the thrombus causes the serious disease like apoplexia, carebri and myocardial infarction. Thrombosis is caused by the injury of endothelium and the alterations in normal blood flow. To investigate activities of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen butanol fraction for blood coagulation system, endotoxin (4000EU/kg) was injected (i..v) to rats at 1hr after administration of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen butanole fraction (500 mg/kg, p.o.). Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen butanol fraction was found to have antiplatelet activity in vitro. In vivo it showed a delay of blood clotting time, and prothrombin time, and reduction of fibrinogen and FDP It also increased SOD activity, and decreased MDA content. These results suggest that the antithrombosis effect of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen butanol frac tion results from suppressive activity for a blood coagulation system and antioxidative activity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1969

This experiment was carried out to study the responses of cellular component of blood and bone marrow to cold and also the changes of coagulation during cooling. Forty-two mongrel dogs were subjected to hypothermia by ice-water surface cooling technique. Lowest body temperature ranged from 21-23 degree. Dogs were divided into 3 groups,Group I, 12 dogs: pentothal anesthesia for 3 hours, Group II, 20 dogs;hypothermic group and Group III,10 dogs;postsplenectomy hypothermic group. Results were summarized as follows: 1. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count significantly increased when animals were cooled, and increase was noted in similar magnitude among the animals of Group I. 2. White blood cell count extremely decreased after cooling and effect of splenectomy on white blood cell count was not apparent. No significant changes were seen among Group I. 3. Differential count of white blood cell when cooled showed relative increase of polymorphonuclear neutrophil and decrease of lymphocyte. 4. There was marked decrease of platelets when body temperature reached to 21-23degree and essentially. no changes was noted in Group I. 5. Clotting time, bleeding time, plasma prothrombin time, recalcification time, and fibrinolysis showed no significant changes when dogs were cooled. Clot retration and prothrombin consumption during hypothermia appeared to be poor. In Group II, bleeding time decreased after splenctomy and when body temperature was lowered, plasma prothrombin time, clot retraction, and prothrombin consumption decreased. Decreased bleeding time and poor clot retraction were noted in Group I. 6. It was found that megacaryocyte count decreased even though platelet count of peripheral blood markedly diminsished when animals were cooled. There was some tendency of erythroid hyperplasia noted during hypothermia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 1988

The clinical experience with the activated clotting time[A.C.T.] for the control of heparin and protamine therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass in 40 patients between April, 1987 and September, 1987 is reviewed retrospectively. All of patients used with cold blood potassium cardioplegia for myocardial protection under standard cardiopulmonary bypass, priming and perfusate techniques respectively. This study was divided into 2 groups of patients followed by cardiopulmonary bypass time. Twenty patients, within 60 minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass time[group A] were compared with twenty patients, from 60 to 120 minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass time[group B]. Using blood cardioplegia for myocardial protection, Author observed wide variation of A.C.T. in individual response to initial heparinization[2mg /kg] and no requirement of additional heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass until 120 minutes. Total heparin amount during cardiopulmonary bypass was not related to body weight and body surface area in the both groups. After cardiopulmonary bypass, amounts of protamine for neutralization of heparin were more required in group B.