• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.81.1-81.10
• /
• 2020

Background: Although previous in vivo studies explored urinary microRNA (miRNA), there is no agreement on nephrotoxicity-specific miRNA biomarkers. Objectives: In this study, we assessed whether urinary miRNAs could be employed as biomarkers for nephrotoxicity. Methods: For this, literature-based candidate miRNAs were identified by reviewing the previous studies. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of a single dose or repeated doses (3 consecutive days) of gentamicin (GEN; 137 or 412 mg/kg). The expression of miRNAs was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 16 h pooled urine from GEN-treated rats. Results: GEN-induced acute kidney injury was confirmed by the presence of tubular necrosis. We identified let-7g-5p, miR-21-3p, 26b-3p, 192-5p, and 378a-3p significantly upregulated in the urine of GEN-treated rats with the appearance of the necrosis in proximal tubules. Specifically, miR-26-3p, 192-5p, and 378a-3p with highly expressed levels in urine of rats with GEN-induced acute tubular injury were considered to have sensitivities comparable to clinical biomarkers, such as blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urinary kidney injury molecule protein. Conclusions: These results indicated the potential involvement of urinary miRNAs in chemical-induced nephrotoxicity, suggesting that certain miRNAs could serve as biomarkers for acute nephrotoxicity.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.148-148
• /
• 2003

The cynomolgus monkey(Macaca fascicularis) is used widely in efficacy and safety assessment of new drugs. The ranges of physiological variables are important end points in the toxicological study. Both the basic physiological variables such as body weight, body temperature, blood pressure, urine pH and blood variables such as biochemical and hematological variables were determined in nineteen male and sixteen female monkey prior to treatment.(omitted)

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.139-148
• /
• 1995

In this paper we report the device of a multi-channel clinical instrument developed for determi¬nation of the levels of the urinary urobilinogen, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, protein, ascorbic acid, nitrite, pH, occult-blood, specific gravity, and leukocytes semiquantitatively. The test parameters are expressed on the dry test strips as a range of color intensities by chemical reactions. The instrument measures the value of each substance by reading the reflectance light emanated from the test strips. We also designed the reagent strip cassette and loader in order to intercept the outside interference. The loader can be operated semi-automatically. The light source is consisted on light emitting diodes at three specific wavelengths (560 nm, 610 nm, 650 nm). Precision of the system was evaluated by testing a series of commercial control urine samples. Furthermore, the performance of the instrument was compared with two other test methods on the urine samples from 100 persons. Our results showed a good repeatability between tests and a satisfactory agreement between the readings by our instrument and visual evaluation.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 1991

For the analysis of mercury in blood and urine, many literatures have been reffered and many kinds of reducing agents for mercury reduction and many acids for pretreatmr are known to be varied. $So HNO_{3}$ and $H_{2}SO_{4}$ among acids and $SnCl_{2}$ and $NaBH_{4}$ as a reducing agent being chosen for the establishment of more efficient and less erroneous analysis, and comparing the absorbance by using vapor generator, the results are followings. 1. The difference of absorbance from concentration of $HNO_{3}$ and $H_{2} SO_{4}$ was not nearly found when mercury reduced by $NaBH_{4}$ after pretreatment. But for more precise analysis, conc acid treatment need to be used. 2. Higher absorbance was shown by using conto acid treatment (P<0.005) when mercury reduced by $NaBH_{4}$ after treating acid primer. And sample which has 99.5% reliability in T-test, treated by conc $H_{2}SO_{4}$(P<0.005) was shown higher absorbance than treat by CORC $HNO_{3}$. 3. The difference of absorbance was not in the slightest in higher 0.1 w/v% $NaBH_{4}$ proved by uruskal-wallis H-Test 4. Some difference of absorbance in $SnCl_{2}$(P<0.005) having 99.5% reliability was found but there was no difference in these 20 w/v% , 25 w/v% and 30 w/v% SnCl$_{2}$ by the experiment of T-test. 5. According to these test results, organic materials were much affect the absorballce when reducing mercury by using $SnCl_{2}$ rather than by $NaBH_{4}$. For bio sample which is contained various organic substances, reduclng agent $NaBH_{4}$ is a lot more efficient to reduce the error then $SnCl_{2}$. 6. analytic method for this study is as following. 7. As the recovery test was done by this, the rate of recovery was shown form 94% to 100.7% .

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 2005

목 적 : 기저귀를 사용하는 어린 유소아들의 소변검체를 얻기 위해 멸균 비닐백을 이용하고 있으나 현실적인 불편함 때문에 보다 간단한 채뇨방법을 모색하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 일차적인 선별검사를 위해 일회용 기저귀를 이용한 소변채취 방법이 기존의 멸균 비닐백을 이용한 방법을 대체할 수 있는지 알아보았다. 방 법 : 99명의 환자들을 대상으로 중간뇨(이하 신선뇨) 60 mL을 채취하여 절반은 고분자 흡수체가 포함되지 않은 일회용 기저귀에 흡수시킨 다음 압착하여 소변검체(이하 재수거뇨)를 얻고 나머지 신선뇨와 함께 일반 소변검사, 현미경적 요 세포검사 및 요 화학검사 등을 시험하였다. 결 과 : 신선뇨 99개와 재수거뇨 99개를 검사하였으며 요 비중, 요 산도, 요 당, 요 단백, 요 잠혈 등은 상관분석 결과 높은 상관관계(R>0.930, P<0.001)를 보였으며 요 백혈구(R=0.738, P<0.001)는 상대적으로 상관관계가 낮았지만 요 나트륨, 요 칼륨, 요 염소 및 요 크레아티닌 등은 두 방법간의 차이가 거의 없었다(R>0.995, P<0.001). 현미경적 요 세포검사에서는 적혈구(R=0.740, P<0.001)와 백혈구(R=0.602, P<0.001) 모두 상대적으로 상관관계가 낮았지만 통계적으로 유의한 수준이었다. 결 론 : 일회용 기저귀를 이용해 채취한 재수거뇨는 신선뇨보다 세포성분의 손실은 있지만 신선뇨의 일반 소변검사 및 요 화학검사 결과를 잘 반영하고 있어 일차적인 선별검사 목적의 채뇨방법으로 유용할 것이다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.392-399
• /
• 2019

Wilson disease a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper metabolism, is characterized by excessive deposition of copper in the liver, brain, and other tissues. Wilson disease is often fatal if it is not recognized early and treated when it is symptomatic. Gitelman syndrome is also an autosomal recessive kidney disorder characterized by low blood levels of potassium and magnesium, decreased excretion of calcium in the urine, and elevated blood pH. Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN-IV), a very rare condition that presents in infancy, is characterized by anhidrosis, absence of pain sensation, and self-mutilation. It is usually accompanied by developmental delay and mental retardation. We report a case of Wilson disease manifested as fulminant hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury in a 15-year-old boy comorbid with HSAN-IV and Gitelman syndrome. Such concurrence of three genetic diseases is an extremely rare case.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1989

The present experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of heat exposure on water metabolism and the passage of indigestible particles in sheep. Water intake, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and pH of ruminal fluid and urine were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the hot environment ($32\;^{\circ}C$) than in the control environment ($20\;^{\circ}C$). Urine osmolality and blood volume were increased, while glomerular filtration rate was decreased, in the hot environment. The liquid flow rate from reticulo-rumen and the excretion of indigestible particles of specific gravity 0.99 (but not 1.27 or 1.38) were increased in the hot environment. From these findings, it is suggested that an increased water intake evoked by heat exposure might affect the flow rate of digesta in sheep.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.534-540
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on methane emission, nutrient digestibility, energy utilization and blood metabolites by Holstein cows fed silages. In two sequential digestion and respiratory trials, two non-lactating Holstein cows were arranged to a balanced incomplete block design. Experimental diets consisted of two silage types; orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) based silage (OS), mixed silage (orchardgrass based silage and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage) (MS), while two GOS levels were without supplementation (0) and 2% of dry matter intake supplementation (2). Four combination diets were OS-0, OS-2, MS-0 and MS-2. Significant effects of silage types and GOS supplementation levels were not observed for DM and OM intake. Whereas the digestibility of OM, NDF and ADF was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cows fed OS with and without GOS compared cows fed MS diets. As percentage of GE intake, fecal energy loss for OS diets was significantly (p<0.05) declined than for MS diets. In contrast, cows fed MS diets had lower (p<0.05) urine energy loss as a proportion of GE intake compared to OS diets. Energy loss as CH4 and heat production was numerically increased when cows fed both OS and MS with GOS supplementation. Compared to OS, CH4 emission in cows fed MS was numerically decreased by 10.8 %. Methane conversion ratio (energy loss as CH4 per unit of GE intake) for OS-0, OS-2, MS-0 and MS-2 were 7.1, 7.2, 6.8 and 7.0, respectively. Plasma of glucose and urea-N concentration were significantly (p<0.05) elevated from 1 h to 6 h after feeding, otherwise total protein in plasma was declined (p<0.01) at 6 after feeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2011

Twenty-four Holstein dairy cows were used to evaluate the single and combined effects of different levels of crude protein (CP) and monensin treatment during early lactation on blood metabolites, milk yield and digestion of dairy cows. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block with a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were three concentrations of CP supplement (19.5, 21.4, and 23.4% of dry matter) and two levels of monensin (0 and 350 mg per cow per day). The experiment consisted of three phases and each phase was 3 wk in length. Monensin did not affect milk yield, lactose, solids-non-fat (SNF), blood glucose, triglyceride and DMI, but increased blood cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin and reduced blood ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), milk fat and protein percentage. Monensin premix significantly decreased rumen ammonia, but rumen pH and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by monensin treatment. Increasing dietary CP improved milk and protein production, but did not alter the other components of milk. Digestibility of NDF, ADF, CP were improved by increasing dietary CP. Increasing dietary CP from 19.5 to 21.4% had no significant effect on ruminal ammonia, but increasing CP to 23.4% significantly increased ruminal ammonia. There was a linear relationship between level of crude protein in the diet and volume of urine excretion. Microbial protein synthesis was affected by increasing CP level; in this way maximum protein synthesis was achieved at 23.4% CP.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 1975

Safety study of the continuous releasing dichlorvos-resin insecticide $(Mopari^{\circledR})$ was conducted in human volunteers and domestic fowls. For the purpose, the potential hazards in using the insecticide were observed in terms of the inhibition of plasma cholinesterase activity and the changes in the liver function (GOT, GPT, Alkaline phosphatase, Bilirubin, Thymol turbidity), the blood picture (RBC, WBC with differential count, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and ESR) and the urine picture (sugar, albumin, pH and microscopic findings) in 40 healthy adult volunteers and 60 leghorn domestic fowls. In case of the human study the observation was continued for 2 months during the application of the insectiside ($1{\sim}3$ solid formulations/$30m^3$) in the living rooms of ordinary Korean dwelling houses or in the office. In the animal test, however, 1 to 5 solid formulations of the insecticide were applied in the fowl cage of $9.2m^3$ for 5 weeks. Any significant inhibition of the plasma cholinesterase activity was not observed in both the human volunteer and the fowl throughout the experimental period. And the liver function as well as the blood and urine pictures were also not changed after exposure to the vaporizing insecticide. It is considered from the result that the amount of dichlorvos released into the air by the continuous vaporizing dichlorvos-resin insecticide presents no significant hazardous effect on humans or animals in the present experimental condition.