• Title/Summary/Keyword: blocked time

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Detection and Blocking of a Face Area Using a Tracking Facility in Color Images (컬러 영상에서 추적 기능을 활용한 얼굴 영역 검출 및 차단)

  • Jang, Seok-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.10
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    • pp.454-460
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    • 2020
  • In recent years, the rapid increases in video distribution and viewing over the Internet have increased the risk of personal information exposure. In this paper, a method is proposed to robustly identify areas in images where a person's privacy is compromised and simultaneously blocking the object area by blurring it while rapidly tracking it using a prediction algorithm. With this method, the target object area is accurately identified using artificial neural network-based learning. The detected object area is then tracked using a location prediction algorithm and is continuously blocked by blurring it. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively blocks private areas in images by blurring them, while at the same time tracking the target objects about 2.5% more accurately than another existing method. The proposed blocking method is expected to be useful in many applications, such as protection of personal information, video security, object tracking, etc.

Effect of Dried Powders or Ethanol Extracts of Onion Flesh and Peel on Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidative and Antithrombogenic Capacities in 16-Month-Old Rats (양파의 육질과 껍질의 건분 및 에탄을 추출물에 노령흰쥐의 지방대사와 항산화능 및 항혈전능에 미치는 영향)

  • 김순기;김미경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.37 no.8
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    • pp.623-632
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    • 2004
  • This study was performed to investigate effect of dried powder or ethanol extracts of onion flesh and peel intakes on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in l6-month -old rats. Total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats of l6-month-old and weighing 816$\pm$6g were blocked into 5 groups according to body weight and raised for three months with control and experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) of dried powders of onion flesh or peel or ethanol extracts from equal amount of each dried powder. Contents of total flavonoids and total dietary fibers in peel powder were highest among onion preparations. Body weight gain and epididymal pad fat weight were lower in peel powder group than other groups. Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of onion-containing groups were lower than control group. Above all, peel ethanol extract intake decreased them most remarkably. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in onion-containing groups were higher than control group, especially that of flesh powder group was the highest among groups. Liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different among all experimental groups. However, liver total lipid and triglyceride concentrations were tended to be lower in onion-containing groups than control group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations in LDL + VLDL fraction was not significantly affected by onion intakes, However peel powder group showed the lowest concentration, Plasma TX $B_2$ concentrations in onion flesh powder, peel powder and peel ethanol extract groups were lower than control group, while plasma 6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ concentrations in these same groups were higher than control group. Clotting time was tended to be increased in peel ethanol extract group. In conclusion onion diets seemed to improve lipid metabolism and antithrombogenic capacity while effect on antioxidative was not significant.t.

Role of Retinoic Acid in Spontaneous Apoptosis of Human Neutrophils

  • Yang, Eun-Ju;Lee, Ji-Sook;Kim, Dong-Hee;Min, Bok-Kee;Hyun, Sung-Hee;Kim, In-Sik
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.279-285
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    • 2007
  • Although retinoic acid has been known as either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory molecule, depending on the cell type, its exact role in mature human neutrophils has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigate the effects of retinoic acid on neutrophil apoptosis and the associated mechanism and found that 9-cis retinoic acid (9CRA) significantly inhibits the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils. Its effect is increased by co-treatment with $TNF-\alpha$ (P<0.05). The 9CRA-induced inhibition is blocked by the following enzyme inhibitors: Ly 294002, phosphoinoside (PI)-3 kinase inhibitor, U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, PP2, Src family protein inhibitor, SB202190, p38 MAPK inhibitor, and BAY-11-7085, NF-kB inhibitor. This study also demonstrates that all-trans retinoic acid suppresses spontaneous apoptosis, similar to the mechanism of inhibition exhibited by 9CRA. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK decreases by 9CRA treatment. $Ik-B{\alpha}$ is degraded until 30 minutes after a time-dependent 9CRA treatment, but degradation can be inhibited by Ly 294002. These results indicate that 9CRA decreases p38 MAPK activation, induces NF-kB activation via PI-3 kinase, and also blocks cleavage of caspase 3. As these findings suggest, 9CRA has a molecular mechanism which may help pro-inflammatory response by blocking neutrophil apoptosis.

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Systematic Singular Association for Group Behaviors of a Swarm System (스웜 시스템의 그룹 행동을 위한 조직화된 단일 연합법)

  • Jung, Hah-Min;Kim, Dong-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.355-362
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we present a framework for managing group behaviors in multi-agent swarm systems. The framework explores the benefits by dynamic associations with the proposed artificial potential functions to realize complex swarming behaviors. A key development is the introduction of a set of flocking by dynamic association (DA) algorithms that effectively deal with a host of swarming issues such as cooperation for fast migration to a target, flexible and agile formation, and inter-agent collision avoidance. In particular, the DA algorithms employ a so-called systematic singular association (SSA) rule for fast migration to a target and compact formation through inter-agent interaction. The resulting algorithms enjoy two important interrelated benefits. First, the SSA rule greatly reduces time-consuming for migration and satisfies low possibility that agents may be lost. Secondly, the SSA is advantageous for practical implementations, since it considers for agents even the case that a target is blocked by obstacles. Extensive simulation presents to illustrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Methylmercury Toxicity Is Induced by Elevation of Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through Activation of Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C

  • Chin, Mi-Reyoung;Kang, Mi-Sun;Jeong, Ju-Yeon;Jung, Sung-Yun;Seo, Ji-Heui;Kim, Dae-Kyong
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.13-13
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    • 2003
  • Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that can be exposed to humans by ingestion of contaminated food including fish and bread. MeHg has been suggested to exert its toxicity through its high reactivity to thiols, generation of arachidonic acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and elevation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ levels ([$Ca^{2+}$$_{i}$). However, the precise mechanism has not been fully defined. Here we show that phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) is a critical pathway for MeHg-induced toxicity. MeHg activated the acidic form of sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) and group IV cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) downstream of PC-PLC, but these enzymes as well as protein kinase C were not linked to MeHg's toxicity. Furthermore, MeHg produced ROS, which did not cause the toxicity. However, D6O9, an inhibitor of PC-PLC, significantly reversed the toxicity in a time- and dose-dependent manner in MDCK and SH-5YSY cells. Addition of EGTA to culture media resulted in partial decrease of [$Ca^{2+}$$_{i}$ and partially blocked cell death. In contrast, D609 completely prevented cell death with parallel decreases in diacylglycerol and [$Ca^{2+}$$_{i}$. Together, our findings indicated that MeHg-induced toxicity was caused by elevation of [$Ca^{2+}$]$_{i}$ through activation of PC-PLC. The toxicity was not attributable to the signaling pathways such as $cPLA_2$, A-SMase, and PKC, or to the generation of ROS.

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Effect of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound in Rat Chondrocyte (저강도 맥동성 초음파 적용이 관절연골세포에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Eun-Jung;Kim, Gye-Yeop
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.1262-1269
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    • 2008
  • Low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS) is known to accelerate bone regeneration, but the precise cellular signaling mechanism is still unclear. The purpose if this study was to determine the effect of LIPUS on the signaling mechanism of rat chondrocyte. In the explant culture condition, there was inhibition effect of 1 $W/cm^2$ intensity LIPUS on chondrocytes proliferation but chondrocytes proliferation was increased at 0.25 $W/cm^2$ intensity. In addition, western blot analysis of MAPKs showed that LIPUS increased ERK1/2 activity from the 10 min treatment of LIPUS. Hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), resulted in a time- and dose-dependent cell proliferation, which was largely attributed to apoptosis. $H_2O_2$ treatment caused marked sustained nucleus condensation in Hoechst stain. LIPUS and $H_2O_2$ activates phosphorylation of p-ERK1/2 and PD 98059($10^{-5}M$) blocked the effect of LIPUS and $H_2O_2$. Moreover, the synergistic phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK by $H_2O_2$, LIPUS was selectively inhibited by PD 98059, ERK1/2 inhibitor. In order to determine whether the increase in cell proliferation caused by $H_2O_2$ and LIPUS could be explained by changes in the level of the prostaglandin $E_2$. Our study demonstrated that LIPUS stimulate the cell proliferation via activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in condrocyte. LIPUS has anabolic effects on rat cartilage in explant cultures, indicating a potential important method for the treatment of osteoarthritic cartilarge.

Studies on the Mechanism of Action of the Gastric $H^{+}$+$K^{+}$ ATPase Inhibitor KH 3218

  • Cheon, Hyae-Cyeong;Kim, Hyo-Jung;Yum, Eul-Kgun;Cho, Sung-Yun;Kim, Do-Yeob;Yang, Sung-Il
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 1995
  • The novel compound KH 3218 was synthesized and evaluated for its ability to inhibit the gastric H$^{+}$$K^{+}$ ATPase activity in vitro as well as to lessen gastric acid secretion in vivo. KH 3218 inhibited rabbit gastric H$^{+}$$K^{+}$ ATPase in a concentration and time dependent manner. $IC_{50}$/ value was estimated to be about 15 $\mu$M. The inhibition of the H$^{+}$$K^{+}$ ATPase by KH 3218 was blocked by sulfhydryl reducing agents, dithiothreitol or $\beta$-mercaptoethanol. The inhibition of the enzyme was not reversible by 50 fold dilution of the incubation mixtures, suggesting the irreversible nature of the inactivation. In the pylorus-ligated rift, KH 3218 reduced the total acid output as compared with the control. In addition, KH 3218 was capable of inhibiting H. pylori urease activity. These data suggest that KH 3218 is a potent inhibitor for H$^{+}$$K^{+}$ ATPase activity as well as for gastric acid secretion, and has a potential to be developed as a novel antiulcer agent.

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Anxiolytic-like Effects of Sanjoin-Tang Extracts and its Ingredients in the Elevated Plus-Maze in Mice

  • Ahn, Nam-Yoon;Jung, Ji-Wook;Oh, Hye-Rim;Shin, Jin-Sun;Hyeon, Seong-Ye;Lee, Bo-Kyung;Cheong, Jae-Hoon;Ryu, Jong-Hoon
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2004
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the putative anxiolytic-1ike effects of the aqueous extracts of Sanjoin-tang (SJIT) and its ingredients using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test in mice. SJIT consists of five herbs, namely, Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (roasted), Glycyrrhizae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and Hoelen. The aqueous extracts of SJIT and each herbal drug were orally administered to ICR mice, 1 hr before evaluating behavioral activity in the EPM test, respectively. Repeated treatments (for 3 days) of the aqueous extract of SJIT (400 mg/kg) significantly increased time-spend in the open arms and arms entries into the open arms in the EPM test. Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (400 mg/kg), an ingredient of SJIT, significantly increased timespent in the open arms and arm entries into the open arms (P < 0.05). However, the other ingredient of SJIT did not show any anxiolytic-like behaviors. In addition, the anxiolytic-like effects of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen were blocked by pindolol (lO mg/kg), a $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor antagonist. These results suggest that Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (roasted) as an ingredient of SJIT plays a crucial anxiolytic role, and it acts via the serotonergic nervous system.

3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response through the Activation of Nrf2 Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells

  • Lee, Jae-Won;Choi, Yong-Jun;Park, Jun-Ho;Sim, Jae-Young;Kwon, Yong-Soo;Lee, Hee Jae;Kim, Sung-Soo;Chun, Wanjoo
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 2013
  • 3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid (THC) is a derivative of hydroxycinnamic acids, which have been reported to possess a variety of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective activities. However, biological activity of THC has not been extensively examined. Recently, we reported that THC possesses anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. However, its precise mechanism by which THC exerts anti-inflammatory action has not been clearly identified. Therefore, the present study was carried out to understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism of THC in BV2 microglial cells. THC effectively suppressed the LPS-induced induction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$. THC also suppressed expression of MCP-1, which plays a key role in the migration of activated microglia. To understand the underlying mechanism by which THC exerts these anti-inflammatory properties, involvement of Nrf2, which is a cytoprotective transcription factor, was examined. THC resulted in increased phosphorylation of Nrf2 with consequent expression of HO-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. THC-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2 was blocked with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, indicating that p38 MAPK is the responsible kinase for the phosphorylation of Nrf2. Taken together, the present study for the first time demonstrates that THC exerts anti-inflammatory properties through the activation of Nrf2 in BV2 microglial cells, suggesting that THC might be a valuable therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of inflammation-related disorders in the CNS.

Self Diagnosis Technique of Concrete Structure Repaired and Strengthened by Carbon fiber Sheets Using Optical fiber Sensors (광섬유 센서를 이용한 탄소섬유시트 보수보강 콘크리트구조물에서의 자기진단기법)

  • Kim, Ki-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 2003
  • In order to extend the life time of building and civil infra-structure, nowadays, patch type fibrous composite materials are widely used. Repaired concrete columns and beams gain the stiffness and strength, but they lose toughness and show brittle failure. Usually, the cracks of concrete structures are visible with naked eyes and the status of the structure in the life cycle is estimated with visible inspection. After repairing of the structure, crack visibility is blocked by repaired carbon sheets. Therefore, structural monitoring after repairing is indispensible and self diagnosis method with optical fiber sensor is very useful. In this paper, peel-out effects is detected with optical fiber sensors and the strain difference between main structure and repaired carbon sheets when they separate each other.