• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

An unsteady blockage-correction method utilizing wall pressure distribution on the test section has been developed for the wall interference correction of a closed test-section subsonic wind tunnel. The pressure distribution along the test section wall was decomposed into Fourier series and a quasi-steady method based on a measured-boundary-condition method was applied to each Fourier coefficient. The unsteady correction for a complete test period was accomplished by recombining each corrected terms. The present method was validated by appling computed unsteady flows over a cylinder and an oscillating airfoil in the test sections. The corrected results by the present method agreed well with free-air condition.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.541-551
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• 2009

This paper explains how to correctly measure the drag coefficient of a circular cylinder in wind tunnels with large blockage ratios and for the sub-critical to the super-critical flow regimes. When dealing with large blockage ratios, the drag has to be corrected for wall constraints. Different formulations for correcting blockage effect are compared for each flow regime based on drag measurements of smooth circular cylinders performed in a wind tunnel for three different blockage ratios. None of the correction model known in the literature is valid for all the flow regimes. To optimize the correction and reduce the scatter of the results, different correction models should be combined depending on the flow regime. In the sub-critical regime, the best results are obtained using Allen and Vincenti's formula or Maskell's theory with ${\varepsilon}$=0.96. In the super-critical regime, one should prefer using Glauert's formula with G=0.6 or the model of Modi and El-Sherbiny. The change in the formulations appears at the flow transition with a variation of the wake pattern when passing from sub-critical to super-critical flow regimes. This parameter being not considered in the known blockage corrections, these theories are not valid for all the flow regimes.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2020

Wind tunnel test is one of the most important means to study the flutter performance of bridges, but there are blockage effects in flutter test due to the size limitation of the wind tunnel. On the other hand, the size of computational domain can be defined by users in the numerical simulation. This paper presents a study on blockage effects of a simplified box girder by computation fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the blockage effects on the aerodynamic characteristics and flutter performance of a long-span suspension bridge are studied. The results show that the aerodynamic coefficients and the absolute value of mean pressure coefficient increase with the increase of the blockage ratio. And the aerodynamic coefficients can be corrected by the mean wind speed in the plane of leading edge of model. At each angle of attack, the critical flutter wind speed decreases as the blockage ratio increases, but the difference is that bending-torsion coupled flutter and torsional flutter occur at lower and larger angles of attack respectively. Finally, the correction formula of critical wind speed at 0° angle of attack is given, which can provide reference for wind resistance design of streamlined box girders in practical engineering.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.3154-3165
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• 2022

During a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in the pressurized water reactor (PWR), there is a possibility that high temperature and internal pressure of the fuel rods lead to ballooning of the cladding, which causes a partial blockage of flow area in a subchannel. Such flow blockage would influence the core coolant flow, thus affecting the core heat transfer during a reflooding phase and subsequent severe accident. However, most of the system analysis codes simulate the accident process based on the assumed channel blockage ratio, resulting in the fact that the simulation results are not consistent with the actual situation. This paper integrates the developed core Fuel Rod Thermal-Mechanical Behavior analysis (FRTMB) module into the self-developed severe accident analysis code ISAA. At the same time, the existing flow blockage model is improved to make it possible to simulate the change of flow distribution due to fuel rod deformation. Finally, the ISAA-FRTMB is used to simulate the QUENCH-LOCA-0 experiment to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the improved flow blockage model, and then the effect of clad ballooning on core heat transfer and subsequent parts of core degradation is analyzed.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.132-151
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• 2024

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has received extensive attention as it is the most common hydrogen energy utilization device. This research not only investigated the effect of obstacle number and shape on PEMFC performance, but also studied the effect of the blockage degree in the channel of PEMFC on its performance. It was found that compared with traditional scheme, longitudinally distributed obstacles scheme can significantly promote reactants transfer to catalyst layer, and the blockage degree in the channel effect PEMFC performance most. The scheme with 10 rectangular obstacles in single channel and 60% channel blockage had the best output performance and the most uniform distribution of reactants and products. Obstacle height distribution can significantly affect PEMFC performance, the blockage degree in the whole basin was large, particularly as the channel was blocked to higher degree in region 2 and region 3, higher net power density and better mass transfer effect can be obtained. Among them, the fuel cell with the blockage degree of 40%, 60% and 60% in region 1, region 2 and region 3 have the best PEMFC output performance and mass transfer, the net power density was 29.8% higher than that of traditional scheme.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2011

A CFD analysis was performed to examine the inner channel blockage of dual-cooled fuel which has being developed for the power uprate of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The dual-cooled fuel consists of an annular fuel pellet($UO_2$) and dual claddings as well as internal and external cooling channels. The dual-cooled annular fuel is different from a conventional solid 려el by employing an internal cooling channel for each fuel pellet as well as an external cooling channel. One of the key issues is the hypothetical event of inner channel blockage because the inner channel is an isolated flow channel without the coolant mixing between the neighboring flow channels. The inner channel blockage could cause the Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) in the inner channel that eventually causes a fuel failure. This paper presents the CFD simulation of the flow through the side holes of the bottom end plug for the complete entrance blockage of the inner channel. Since the amount of coolant supply to the inner channel depends on largely the pressure loss at the side hole, the pressure loss coefficient of the side hole was estimated by the CFD analysis. The CFD prediction of the loss coefficient showed a reasonable agreement with an experimental data for the complete blockage of both the inner channel entrance and the outer channel. The CFD predictions also showed the decrease of the loss coefficient as the outer channel blockage increases.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

For study on the unsteady blockage effect, flows around a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder with relatively low forcing frequency in closed test-section wind tunnels have been numerically investigated by solving compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical scheme is based on a node-based finite-volume method with the Roe's flux-difference splitting and an implicit time-integration method coupled with dual time-step sub-iteration. The computed results of the oscillating cylinder in the test section showed that the fluctuations of lift and drag are augmented by the blockage effects. The drag further increases because of low base pressure. The pressure on the test section wall shows the harmonics having the oscillating and the shedding frequencies contained in the blockage effect.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.330-336
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• 2018

Free-space optical (FSO) systems have attracted much attention from both research and application perspectives owing to their many benefits, such as license-free operation, low-cost, and high data rates. This paper investigates the ergodic capacity of FSO systems, which is an important metric of system performance. The stochastic temporary laser-beam blockage, pointing errors, and atmospheric turbulence are simultaneously considered. The results illustrate that the link blockage causes a decreased ergodic capacity. We show that to maximize the ergodic capacity, there is an optimal value of the laser-beam radius at the waist, which largely depends on pointing errors; however, it is independent of the atmospheric turbulence and the probability of link blockage.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

A ball strainer screen module, which is used for a condenser tube cleaning system, is a critical mechanical component for maintaining condenser cleanliness. Despite of this importance, not many research have been focused on this module because of its relatively low usage. Employing CFD, this study examines the implication of fluid velocity change and blockage ratio on the ball strainer screen velocity and the static pressure distribution. Through this study, the impact of blockage in the space between ball strainer screen modules is verified. Also, it is found that the ranges of non-dimensional velocity distribution and static pressure distribution decrease as blockage ratio becomes smaller.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.236-244
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• 2000

As the second part of the author's study, the aerodynamic blockage and the slip factor of 8 centrifugal compressor impellers are investigated, when the flow rate is changed from numerical stall to choke, using three-dimensional Navier-Stokes analysis results. Based on all the exit blockage distributions, an improved model equation with two adjusting coefficients is developed for the use in design processes with the agile engineering purpose. A popular expression of constant slip factors, the Wiesner's equation, cannot be applied in design processes when more accurate prediction is strongly required at design and off-design points. Slip factor variation is found to be also influenced by the blade loadings at midspan. When the flow rate is changed, a pattern of the slip factor variations is assumed to be a simple form which can be explained using midspan blade loading distributions.