• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2006

Among the architects who use diagrams as a digital design process, especially through Peter Eisenman and Ben van Berkel's works, we have specifically got the meaning of their diagrams. Their diagrams act as 'the block of becoming' and we can regard the diagrams not only as a tool of devenir including architect's root thoughts beyond a tool of schematic presentation, but also as architect's intention including devenir thought. And in the case of diagrams which the architects use, we can recognize that architects' intentions are to think that Deleuze's 'machine abstraite' evolve the diagram into various and transformed form. That is to say, Peter Eisenman interprets the machine abstraite as a root thought of devenir by using diagram as medium to reveal the virtual. And Ben van Berkel transforms the diagram by including all external conditions into selected diagram which shows the abstract relations to the elements. We can get the meaning of the machine abstraite from these cases well. This study will play an important role in giving good usage of the diagram in making a form of contemporary digital architecture and showing the direction of form creation field.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2011

Art Deco is a decorative and eclectic design style, popularized at the interwar period. The term Art Deco derives from the Exposition Internationale des Arts D$\acute{e}$coratils et Industriels Modernes held in Paris in 1925. The aim of the exposition was to create new modern aesthetics. This exposition introduced the modern decorative and industrial art to the world and influenced all designers of area, including architects, interior designers, industrial designers, craftsmen, fashion designers, etc. Art Deco designers applied inspirations from a variety of sources and movements such as the Cubist abstract, the Neoclassical refinement, Egyptian exotic elements, Babylonian and Aztec temples, the machine aesthetic, avant-garde movements, etc to their modern works. Art Deco style rapidly spread all over the design areas nationwide in America. In Art Deco architecture, in particular, its inception was French but its domination was American. Skyscrapers, airplanes, automobiles, ocean liners, jazz, Hollywood film, streamline, and native Indian symbols are the defining features of American Art Deco. This study began from questions on how these features are expressed and stylized to decoration elements as the modern aesthetics in American Art Deco architecture. Thus, the purpose of the study is to find out the ornamental and eclectic factors of Art Deco style and to define a concept of the modernity and the regionalism of Art Deco architecture in America. This article provides an overview of the decoration style of Art Deco architecture in America through the analysis of ornamental and eclectic factors reflecting diverse roots. It also analyzes the wide variety of building examples of American Art Deco which represent regionalism. In addition, this study focuses on Art Deco architecture in Miami, Florida. Miami is one of typical cities that has the most unique regional aspects of 1920's to 1940's in Art Deco architecture. Miami Art Deco architecture reveals the tropical and nautical references such as streamlined and curved walls, exotic animal motifs, flora and fauna motifs, and marine motifs: use of glass block, porthole window, terra-cotta, and pastel color stucco.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.157-162
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• 2005

It is necessary for us to research and analyze of Open Housing in order to change new housing system, because exiting multi family housing is lack of flexibility and easy remodeling. The purpose of this study is to supply and grasp basic planning and design data for flexibility of Open Housings in Korea. This study is based on the literature survey and actual investigation through visiting 17 open housing sites from 1995 to 2005 in Netherlands, Finland and Japan, which are main Open Housing. We analyzed the planning methods and elements for flexibility of open housing block and unit plan, and described the contents of analyses. We found a lot of planning and design methods-supplying option plan and user participation before occupation, various structural system for openness, common piping shaft location, slab-down and applying access flooring system, movable and demountable partition wall system etc. -applied to the open housings, and findings are applicable to the planning and designing works of apartment housings in Korea.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2014

This study investigates the effects of seat-design elements such as seating arrangement, shape, and height on speech privacy in high-speed trains. For the evaluation of speech privacy, acoustic simulation software was used to reproduce room acoustical conditions in passenger cars on the basis of in-situ measurement data. The influences of speech source directivity and source height on privacy distance ($r_P$) were investigated, and it was found that $r_P$ determined using an omni-directional source was relatively shorter than that determined using a directional source. It was also found that $r_P$ decreased when the source height was lower than the height of the seat-back because the seat-back blocked the propagation of speech from the sound source. The effect of seating arrangement was not significant when comparing the vis-a-vis seating and one-side seating arrangements. In addition, among the alternative seat-designs, the seats that block the space between the seats and cover the space near the ear were found to show significantly enhanced speech privacy in high-speed train passenger cars.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2010

In order to make an effective use of spatial resources in the city, detailed environmental plan strategies based on 'culture' are needed. An integral part of city spaces-'underground space' serves as one of the spatial resources with much effective usage potentials. Hence, 'underground space' needs cultural vitality. The purpose of this study is to propose an thorough indoor environmental plan guideline for the cultural vitality of 'underground space'. The methods used to conduct research include precedent study reviews and survey. Through this research, following conclusions are drawn. First, to promote cultural vitality at the 'underground space', it must be transformed into the cultural public place to be utilized for cultural activities by residents. Second, the 'underground space' requires 'concept of eco-friendly space for clean environment'. Third, 'safe environment' concept must be installed in the 'underground space' to promote the cultural vitality. Fourth, the 'underground space' requires 'complex/block level network plans between cultural spaces in addition to horizontal/vertical walking network between cultural environments in ground level and underground spaces. Fifth, the 'underground space' requires underground public cultural space plan through 'reasonable underground development with considerations of the facilities related to education, culture and history'. Sixth, 'public cultural space plan for various cultural spaces' and 'supply of space for cultural activities for residents and design plan for mutual culture exchange' are necessary.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2009

The toilet in school building is one of most crucial elements for the recent changing face in school design, but the number of toilets and urinals in most school may not be sufficient to meet current needs, especially in the girl's toilet rooms. This study aims to suggest a guideline in designing the toilet in school buildings and propose the optimum area and development of models. The survey for this study is conducted through questionnaires collected and research from 9 schools in Seoul. The results of this study, it is suggested that the number of toilet facilities in school buildings be required by ratio of 0.5 toilets per a class and 1.1 urinal per a class for boy. In case of girls, it is suggested that ratio of 1.6 toilets per a class. Based on the result, it also propose various unit plans for each class block with space such as rest zone, green zone, powder zone etc.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.14-28
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• 2014

This study analyzed the group of experts who were related to cubism, selected among the works of 2010~2013 Paris Collection based on F.G.R.(Focus Group Research). According to the results of this study, there were appeared first, 'a one-piece dress' second, 'H silhouette' third, 'cotton', in case of item distribution and frequency. The analysis was done by using the manner of expression, cubical expression, exaggeration, distortion, dismantlement, geometrical division of face, mix-match look, wraparound repetition, asymmetric structure, etc. Based on the outcomes of the analysis on figurative design elements, this study adjusted three manners appearing on cubism fashion style. First, it was 'avant garde manner' of constitution or 'dismantlement' which was compiled into multi-view representations of overlaps and viewpoints by repetitive use of color tone trimming detail. Second, it was 'geomagnetic block placement' which expresses cubism with geometric partitioning of surface and separation of panel by cutting disintegration. Finally, it was 'distortion and simplification of silhouette' which is a distortion created by constitution-line pressed thin with silhouette. It maximizes the beauty of human body outline, which was distorted by three-dimensional-manipulation, and simplified by ellipsis for another shape for the extension or expansion of detail trimming.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2497-2504
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• 2013

본 연구는 1975년 서울시 교육위원회에서 발간한 '학교시설 표준설계도'가 중학교 대상 표준도의 초기 사례임에 주목하여 그 계획특성을 살펴보았다. 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 평면계획에서는 편복도형 블록플랜이 전형적으로 적용된 가운데 유형별로 복도를 없앤 평면형, 일조조건 개선을 위한 $9.9{\times}6.6m$ 교실 모듈, 수납공간의 적극적 계획 등의 변화도 보인다. 둘 째, 일체의 의장이 배제된, 채광면적의 확보를 우선으로 하는 기능적인 입면계획이 적용되었다. 셋 째, 층고, 천정고, 창틀의 설치 위치 등에서 규준화된 단면 치수들이 적용되었으며 노출 천정 구조, 단열구조의 미비, 초기 유형의 목재 바닥틀 혼용 등과 같은 철근 콘크리트조 교사의 과도기적 특성이 보인다. 넷 째, 체육관 계획에서는 다양한 입면구성과 매스의 조형적 처리로 교사동과 대비되는, 학교건축의 상징성을 표출하고자 하는 의도가 나타난다. 다섯 째, 교사동과 이격 배치를 전제로 하는 화장실과 관리실 등의 별동형 계획에서도 동시대 학교건축으로 전환해 가는 과도기적 특성을 발견할 수 있다. 이와 같은 특성들은 표준도에 의한 과거 학교건축의 전형을 보여주면서도 동시에 당시 학교건축에서 요구되는 조건들에 대한 대응 방식과 변화 과정을 파악할 수 있게 한다. 이는 '75년 서울시 표준도'가 가지는 교육시설사 연구 사료로서의 주요한 가치라고 할 수 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2014

Interaction between closely-spaced buildings subject to earthquake induced strong ground motions, termed in the literature as "seismic pounding", occurs commonly during major seismic events in contemporary congested urban environments. Seismic pounding is not taken into account by current codes of practice and is rarely considered in practice at the design stage of new buildings constructed "in contact" with existing ones. Thus far, limited research work has been devoted to quantify the influence of slab-to-slab pounding on the inelastic seismic demands at critical locations of structural members in adjacent structures that are not aligned in series. In this respect, this paper considers a typical case study of a "new" reinforced concrete (R/C) EC8-compliant, torsionally sensitive, 7-story corner building constructed within a block, in bi-lateral contact with two existing R/C 5-story structures with same height floors. A non-linear local plasticity numerical model is developed and a series of non-linear time-history analyses is undertaken considering the corner building "in isolation" from the existing ones (no-pounding case), and in combination with the existing ones (pounding case). Numerical results are reported in terms of averages of ratios of peak inelastic rotation demands at all structural elements (beams, columns, shear walls) at each storey. It is shown that seismic pounding reduces on average the inelastic demands of the structural members at the lower floors of the 7-story building. However, the discrepancy in structural response of the entire block due to torsion-induced, bi-directionally seismic pounding is substantial as a result of the complex nonlinear dynamics of the coupled building block system.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC에서 구문 요소의 저장 공간을 줄인 효율적인 CABAC 부호화기를 제안하였다. 제안하는 구조는 모든 블록을 하드웨어 기반으로 설계하여 프로세서에 의존하지 않고 빠른 처리가 가능하다. 또한 CABAC 부호화기의 문맥 모델러에서는 문맥 모델을 유도하기 위해 이웃 블록의 데이터가 필요한데 이웃 블록 데이터를 가공하지 않은 상태로 전부 저장하게 된다면 메모리 용량이 비효율적으로 커지게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이웃 블록 데이터를 효율적으로 저장하여 메모리 크기를 감소시키는 방법을 사용한다. 제안하는 CABAC 부호화기는 0.18um 표준 셀 라이브러리를 이용하여 합성한 결과 35,463 게이트의 면적을 사용하였으며, 최대 180MHz까지 동작이 가능하고 입력 심벌 당 소요되는 사이클 수는 약 1에 가깝다.