• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

A smart grid is the next generation power grid which combines the existing power grid with information technology, so an energy efficient power grid can be provided. In this paper, in order to build an efficient smart grid an AMI system, which gears with the existing home network and provides an user friendly management function, is proposed. The proposed AMI system, which is based on an extended home network, consists of various functional units; smart meters, communication modules, home gateway, security modules, meter data management modules (MDMM), electric power application modules and so on. The proposed home network system, which can reduce electric power consumption and transmit data more effectively, is designed by using IEEE 802.15.4. The extended home gateway can exchange energy consumption information with the outside management system via web services. The proposed AMI system is designed to enable two-way communication between the home gateway and MDMM via the Internet. The AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm, which is a symmetric block cipher algorithm, is used to ensure secure information exchange. Even though the results in this study could be limited to our experimental environment, the result of the simulation test shows that the proposed system reduces electric power consumption by 4~42% on average compared to the case of using no control.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.43-51
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• 2008

In this paper, we are implemented low-power structure for Inter prediction, Intra prediction, Deblocking filter, Transform and Quantization blocks in H.264/AVC Encoder. The proposed Inter/Intra prediction blocks are shown 60.2% cell area reduction by adder reduction through Distributed Arithmetic, 44.3% add operation reduction using MUX for hardware share in Deblocking filter block. Furthermore we applied CSD and CSS process to reduce the cell area instead of multipliers that take a lot of area. The FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) and ARM Process based H.264/AVC encoder is implemented using proposed low power IPs. The proposed structure Platforms are implemented to interlock with FPGA and ARM processors. H.264/AVC Encoder implementation using Platforms shows that proposed low-power IPs can use H.264/AVC Encoder SoC effectively.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of present study was to determine effects of task oriented action observation training on dexterity of upper limb function after stroke. Training was progressed to imitation and intensive training after observation to required action in ADL. Method : 15 stroke patients were selected and one group pretest-posttest design was applied. Targets observed performance actions of task orientated task through a video and limitated action repeatedly, Training was performed 3 times a week and 20~30 minutes for each round for 3 weeks. Manual function test and 10-second test and Box and block test were performed for a dexterity of upper extremity motor function, Modified Barthel index and Motor activity log were performed for ADL. Result : After the training, a dexterity of affected upper extremity motor function of the target showed significant difference between before and after intervention, ADL showed significant improvement between before and after intervention. Conclusion : Task orientated Action observation lead a positive effect of recovering a dexterity of upper extremity motor function and ADL. Therefore, this study suggest a action observation training as one strategy of an intervention type of th e occupational therapy.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.871-877
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed and soil characteristics as affected by difference of soil thickness and mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system, and to identify the level of soil thickness and mixture as suitable growing condition to achieve the desired plants in green roof. Different soil thickness levels were achieved under 15cm and 25cm of shallow-extensive green roof module system that was made by woody materials for $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$. Soil mixture ratio were three types for perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=6:2:2(v/v/v, $P_6P_2L_2$), perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=5:3:2(v/v/v, $P_5P_3L_2$) and perlit: peatmoss: leafmold=4:4:2(v/v/v, $P_4P_4L_2$). On June 2006, Pllioblastus pygmaed were planted directly in a green roof module system in rows. All treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replication. The results are summarized below. In term of soil characteristics, Soil acidity and electric conductivity was measured in pH 6.0~6.6 and 0.12dS/m~0.19dS/m, respectively. Organic matter and exchangeable cations desorption fell in the order: $P_4P_4L_2$ > $P_5P_3L_2$ > $P_6P_2L_2$. $P_6P_2L_2$ had higher levels of the total solid phase and liquid phase, and $P_4P_4L_2$ had gas phase for three phases of soil in the 15cm and 25cm soil thickness. Although Pllioblastus pygmaed was possibled soil thickness 15cm, there was a trend towards increased soil thickness with increased leaf length, number of leaves and chlorophyll contents in 25cm. The growth response of Pllioblastus pygmaed had fine and sustain condition in order to $P_6P_2L_2$ = $P_5P_3L_2$ > $P_4P_4L_2$. However, The results of this study suggested that plants grown under $P_4P_4L_2$ appear a higher density ground covering than plants grown under $P_6P_2L_2$. Collectively, our data emphasize that soil thickness for growth of Pllioblastus pygmaed were greater than soil mixture ratio in shallow-extensive green roof module system.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.780-786
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• 2007

Statement of problem. The performance and maintenance of implant-supported prostheses are primarily dependent upon load transmission both at the bone-to-implant interface and within the implant-abutment-prosthesis complex. The design of the interface between components has been shown to have a profound influence on the stability of screw joints. Purpose. The Purpose of this study was to compare the strength and the fatigue resistance of 1-piece and 2-piece abutment connected to oral implant, utilizing an internal conical interface. Material and methods. Twenty $Implatium^{(R)}$ tapered implants were embedded to the top of the fixture in acrylic resin blocks. Ten $Combi^{(R)}$(1-piece) and $Dual^{(R)}$(2-piece) abutments of the same dimension were assembled to the implant, respectively. The assembled units were mounted in a testing machine. A load was applied perpendicular to the long axis of the assemblies and the loading points was at the distance of 7mm from the block surface. Half of 1-piece and 2-piece abutment-implant units were tested for the evaluation of the bending strength, and the others were cyclically loaded for the evaluation of the fatigue resistance until plastic deformation occurred. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Results. Mean plastic and maximum bending moment were $1,900{\pm}18Nmm,\;3,609{\pm}106Nmm$ for the 1-piece abutment, and $1,250{\pm}31Nmm,\;2,688{\pm}166Nmm$ for the 2-piece abutment, respectively. Mean cycles and standard deviation when implant-abutment joint showed a first plastic deformation were $238,610{\pm}44,891$. cycles for the 1-piece abutment and $9,476{\pm}3,541$ cycles for the 2-piece abutment. A 1-piece abutment showed significantly higher value than a 2-piece abutment in the first plastic bending moment (p<.05), maximum bending moment (p<.05) and fatigue strength (p<.05). Conclusion. Both 1-piece and 2-piece conical abutment had high strength and fatigue resistance and this suggests long-term durability without mechanical complication. However, the 1-piece conical abutment was more stable than the 2-piece conical abutment in the strength and the fatigue resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2005

The geosynthetic reinforced segmental retaining walls(SRW) are improved that the disadvantage of existed retaining wall and the workability in field. Recently, the segmental retaining wall is replacing the exited wall because it is quickly advanced to using by the block in-situ. The use, therefore, is increasing. But, the trends of the large scaled construction was developed that the problems likely to crack and collapse, those are caused of careless in design and construction of SRW not considering about various surrounding conditions. In this study, the cause analysis on destructed SRW was carried out that based on the datum of measured displacement of walls, rainfall features and ground sounding conditions. Also, the analysis of the global slope stability was carried out on collapsed section and non-collapsed section using critical equilibrium method. For the rational stability and analysis of slope including SRW structure, the site conditions including situations of topography, ground and histories of construction and collapse etc should be considered. The rational countermeasure methods for non-collapsed and collapsed areas may be sustained as much as possible current state.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2018

This paper describes a design of scalable RSA public-key cryptography processor supporting four key lengths of 512/1,024/2,048/3,072 bits. The modular multiplier that is a core arithmetic block for RSA crypto-system was designed with 32-bit datapath, which is based on the CIOS (Coarsely Integrated Operand Scanning) Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm. The modular exponentiation was implemented by using L-R binary exponentiation algorithm. The scalable RSA crypto-processor was verified by FPGA implementation using Virtex-5 device, and it takes 456,051/3,496347/26,011,947/88,112,770 clock cycles for RSA computation for the key lengths of 512/1,024/2,048/3,072 bits. The RSA crypto-processor synthesized with a $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS cell library occupies 10,672 gate equivalent (GE) and a memory bank of $6{\times}3,072$ bits. The estimated maximum clock frequency is 147 MHz, and the RSA decryption takes 3.1/23.8/177/599.4 msec for key lengths of 512/1,024/2,048/3,072 bits.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.667-672
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• 2011

This study was carried out to increase the breeding rate using sustained recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and examine the reproductive disorder and disease prevalencies of cow and calf, respectively. Sixty cows were allotted randomly to three groups in randomized complete block design; (1) No treatment, (2) 500 mg bST two times + 250 mg bST SC injection five times from 3 weeks before to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks, (3) 500 mg bST two times before 3 weeks parturition + 250 mg bST SC injection three times from five to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks. Developmental data of birth weight, weaning weight, total gain and average daily gain in control was $22.9{\mu}0.45$ kg, $88.0{\mu}1.13$ kg, $65.1{\mu}0.74$ kg and $0.54{\mu}0.08$ kg, respectively. There is no significant difference between Group 1 and 3 in the examined factors. However, there is significant difference between Group 1 and 2 in the birth weight ($24.4{\mu}0.88$ kg), weaning weight ($101.0{\mu}1.77$ kg), total gain ($76.7{\mu}0.9$ kg) and average daily gain ($76.7{\mu}0.9$ kg). Total gain was showed higher in Group 2 and 3 than Group 1 in the >2nd parity, and in Group 2 than Group 1 and 3 in the 1st parity. There is no significant difference in the BCS, no return days and disease occurrence of cow and calf by bST treatment. Number of service per conception was slightly increased in the Group 3 compared to Group 1 and 2. To increase the breeding ability of Hanwoo, it is recommended that 500 mg bST two times + 250 mg bST injection five times from 3 weeks before to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

Objective: This entire study has two parts. Study I aimed to develop a psychological assessment scale and the study II aimed to investigate the effects of LFN (low frequency noise) on the psychological responses in humans, using the scale developed in the study I. Background: LFN is known to have a negative impact on the functioning of humans. The negative impact of LFN can be categorized into two major areas of functioning of humans, physiological and psychological areas of functioning. The physiological impact can cause abnormalities in threshold, balancing and/or vestibular system, cardiovascular system and, hormone changes. Psychological functioning includes cognition, communication, mental health, and annoyance. Method: 182 college students participated in the study I in development of a psychological assessment scale and 42 paid volunteers participated in the study II to measure psychological responses. The LFN stimuli consisted of 12 different pure tones and 12 different 1 octave-band white noises and each stimulus had 4 different frequencies and 3 different sounds pressure levels. Results: We developed the psychological assessment scale consisting of 17 items with 3 dimensions of psychological responses (i.e., perceived physical, perceived physiological, and emotional responses). The main findings of LFN on the responses were as follows: 1. Perceived psychological responses showed a linear relation with SPL (sound pressure level), that is the higher the SPL is, the higher the negative psychological responses were. 2. Psychological responses showed quadric relations with SPL in general. 3. More negative responses at 31.5Hz LFN than those of 63 and 125Hz were reported, which is deemed to be caused by perceived vibration by 31.5Hz. 'Perceived vibration' at 31.5Hz than those of other frequencies of LFN is deemed to have amplified the negative psychological response. Consequently there found different effects of low frequency noise with different frequencies and intensity (SPL) on multiple psychological responses. Conclusion: Three dimensions of psychological responses drawn in regard to this study differed from others in the frequencies and SLP of LFN. Negative psychological responses are deemed to be differently affected by the frequency, SPL of the LFN and 'feel vibration' induced by the LFN. Application: The psychological scale from our study can be applied in quantitative psychological measurement of LFN at home or industrial environment. In addition, it can also help design systems to block LFN to provide optimal conditions if used the study outcome, .i.e., the relations between physical and psychological responses of LFN.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2009

This study was carried out to detennine the optimal submerged culture conditions for the growth increase of ginseng adventitious roots containing germanium by means of a fractional factorial design with four factors and three levels, using the response surface methodology (RSM). The ginseng (Panax ginseng CA. Meyer) adventitious roots were induced by plant growth regulators and cultured in a liquid SH medium. The effects of various $GeO_2$ and phosphoric acid ($H_3P0_4$) concentrations in the medium, $GeO_2$ addition time and the pH of the medium on the fresh weight of the ginseng adventitious roots were investigated. The optimum pH of the medium and the phosphoric acid concentration detennined by the partial differentiation of the model equation were 4.7 and 6.0 roM, respectively. The predicted optimal $GeO_2$ concentration was 10 ppm and the $GeO_2$ addition time did not affect the growth of ginseng adventitious roots. Under these conditions, the growth of the ginseng adventitious root containing germanium was predicted to be 2.47 g.