• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1999

This research concentrates on the influence of non-linearities associated with impact for the nonlinear rocking behavior of rigid block subjected to one dimensional sinusoidal excitation of horizontal direction. The transition of two governing rocking equations, the abrupt reduction in the kinetic energy associated with impact, and sliding motion of block. In this study, two type of rocking vibration system are considered. One is the undamped rocking vibration system, disregarding energy dissipation at impact and the other is the damped rocking system, including energy dissipation and sliding motion. The response analysis using non-dimensional rocking equation is carried out for the change of excitation parameters and friction coefficient. The chaos responses were discovered in the wide response region, particularly, for the case of high excitation amplitude and their chaos characteristics were examined by the time history, Poincare map, power spectra and Lyapunov Exponent of rocking responses. The complex behavior of chaos response, in the phase space, were illustrated by Poincare map. The bifurcation diagram and Poincare map were shown to be effective in order to understand chaos of rocking system.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1546-1552
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• 1993

본 논문에서는 경사도 및 새로운 초기값을 이용한 적응 BTC를 제안하였다. 에지부분에서 발생되는 톱니 모양의 문제점을 줄이기 위해 구획의 등급을 결정하는 새로운 계수로서 sobel 연산자의 경사도를 이용하였다. 에지를 포함한 복잡한 영역에서 선택되는 4 레벨 양자화에서 발생되는 심한 양자화 오차를 줄이기 위해서 새로운 초기값을 정의하였다. 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통하여 제안방법이 기존의 적응 BTC보다 계산량이 간단하며, 에지 부분에서 톱니모양의 결점이 감소되었으며, 또한 PSNR이 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to propose two empirical correlations to predict the mass flow rate through an automotive block type thermostatic expansion valve and then to evaluate the correlations. The first correlation is deduced by modifying the basic equation of the orifice meter for the mass flow rate and the second correlation is deduced by using the Buckingham's ${\pi}$ theorem. The first correlation showed very good agreement on the measured data for R134a, given by Monforte. Average relative deviation and standard deviation of it are 2.5% and 1.6%, respectively. The second correlation agreed on the same measured data with a little greater deviations. The two correlations may apply to common expansion valves which have different geometrical sizes of the same shape.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2001

Experiment were carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of an aluminum foam block as a porous heat sink on a heat source by a vertical air jet impingement that can be applied for electronics cooling. The performance of the aluminum foam heat sink was evaluated by the convective heat transfer coefficient on the heat source. At a fixed porosity, pore density ($\beta$) of the foam and Reynolds number Re were varied in the range of $\beta$a=10, 20, 40 PPI(Pore Per Inch) and $850\leqRe\leq25000$. A nozzle diameter and the nozzle-to-plate spacing were also varied. It was found that the convective heat transfer was enhanced by the aluminum foam heat sink with lower pore density due to relatively intensified flow through the foam block. The aluminum foam block with much reduced weight shows slightly better performance with larger Nusselt number, compared with the convectional heat sink.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2007

임의의 종단 임피던스를 갖는 DC block을 정합하기 위한 새로운 설계식이 소개되었으며, 이 설계식을 이용한 microstrip DC block이 제작, 측정되었다. 기존의 DC block은 완전히 정합기지 않았기 때문에, 한 단자에서 여기 된 power가 다른 단자로 모두 전달되지 않는 문제점이 있었다, 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 한 단자의 등가 공진기 회로를 제시하였으며, 이 등가회로를 이용하여, coupling coefficient에 관계없이, 어느 경우에도 완전 정합을 이룰 수 있는 설계식을 유도했다. 이 설계식을 이용하여 측정된 microstrip DC block의 삽입, 반사 손실은 중심 주파수 4.1 GHz에서 0.82dB, -31dB를 보였으며, 이 측정 결과는 예상된 결과와 잘 일치함을 보여주고 있다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the characteristics of patients who underwent spinal nerve block on the fear of injection and the risk of radiation. Subjects were 137 patients (67 males, 70 females) who visited the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine in Cheongju. The method was conducted as a research study using a total of 28 questionnaires consisting of patient characteristics, experience characteristics of nerve block surgery, nerve block fear scale, and radiation risk perception scale. The reliability of the questionnaire response was secured with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.6 or higher. For statistical analysis, correlation was tested by descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, independent sample T-test, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients by measurement scale and factor. As a result, the fear scale of nerve block was significantly higher in women than in men (p<0.05). The fear scale of nerve block injection was significantly higher in the first-visit patients than in the second-visited patients (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference among all variables in radiation risk perception. In conclusion, patients undergoing spinal nerve block were more aware of the fear of injection than the risk of radiation exposure during the procedure.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.597-606
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• 2019

Due to climate change, coastal areas are being flooded with torrential rain, typhoons, and tsunamis. In addition, non-point source pollutants (NPSs) that accumulated on the ground, streets, and buildings during the dry season are washed off by rain and stormwater runoff, which adds to the damage associated with environmental pollution, e.g., pollution that makes its way into the ocean. Recently, low impact development (LID) has been considered as a means of controlling water circulation and NPSs. In the coastal area, permeable blocks have been constructed mainly to reduce the flood damage caused by waves. Some important design factors that must be considered to ensure long-term performance are the permeability coefficient, clogging, and the efficiency of the removal of total suspended solids (TSS), but currently there are no standardized design criteria or testing techniques that are used worldwide. Herein, we analyzed the permeability coefficient and the TSS removal efficiency tendency according to the permeability area ratio with an easily-detachable, permeable block filled with calcinated yellow soils as the filter media. Our lab-scale tests indicated that, when the permeability area ratio was 25%, the reduction of the permeability coefficient after clogged was 11%, which was a significant decrease compared to other cases. Permeability persistence increased when the permeability area ratio increased from 50% to 75%. The TSS removal efficiency decreased as the permeability area ratio increased. Our pilot-scale test indicated that the TSS removal efficiency was more than 80% higher in all cases. We also found that the permeability persistence was excellent as the permeability area ratio increased, and, in actual construction, it is effective to set 5.3% of the total area as permeable area in terms of permeability and economic feasibility.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.212-223
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• 1992

The distinct element method(DEM) si well suited to the kinematic analysis of blocky rock masses. Two distinctive problems, a rock avalache and tunnel in jointed rock masses, are chosen to apply the DEM which is based on perfectly rigid behaviour of blocks. Investigated for both problems are the effects of the input parameters such as contact stiffnesses, friction coefficient and damping property. Using various types of models of the avalanche and tunne, an extensive parametric study is done to gain experiences in the method, and then to alleviate difficulties in determining parameter values suitable for a given problem. The coefficient of frictio has significant effects on all aspects of avalanche motion(travel distance, velocity and travel time), while the stiffnesses affect the rebounding and jumping motions after collision. The motion predicted by the models having single and mutiple blocks agrees well to the observations reported on the actual avalache. For the tunnel problem, the behaviour of the key block in an example tunnel is compared by testing values of the input parameters. The stability of the tunnel is dependent primarily on the friction coefficient, while the stiffness and damping properties influence the block velocity. The kinematic stability of a tunnel for underground unclear waste repository is analyzed using the joint geometry data(orientation, spacing and persistence) occurred in a tailrace tunnel. Allowing a small deviation to the mean orientation results in different modes of failure of the rock blocks around the tunnel. Of all parameters tested, the most important to the stability of the tunnel in blocky rock masses are the geometry of the blocks generated by mapping the joint and tunnel surfaces in 3-dimensions and also the friction coefficient of the joints particularly for the stability of the side walls.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2003

본 논문은 사석이나 소파블록 투과방파제로 이루어진 항만의 평면파랑장 해석모델에 있어서 중요한 변수인 구조물 내부의 투과파 속도와 저항계수를 수치모델에 사용하기 편리하도록 정의하고, 시간의존 완경사방정식 모델에 이들 방법과 임의투과율 경계조건을 사용하여 투과 사석방파제 주변의 평면파랑장을 해석할 수 있는 모델을 제시하였다. 모델의 검증은 조파수로 내에서 투과제에 대한 단면 수리모형실험을 실시하여 구조물 전$.$후 면의 수위변동을 측정하고 모델의 결과와 시계열로 비교하였으며, 현지 항만의 소파블록 투과제에 대한 3차원 수리모형실험 결과와 모델의 결과를 항내 구역파고비로 비교하여 이루어졌다. 본 모델은 검증을 통하여 수리모형의 실험결과에 대한 재현성이 매우 좋음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.653-658
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• 2016

Poly(ether-block-amide)(PEBAX$^{(R)}$)는 열가소성 탄성체(thermoplastic elastomer, TCU)로서 hard-rigid amide block과 soft-flexible ether block으로 구성되어 있으며, 분자량과 두 block간의 구성비에 따라 여러 종류가 있다. PEBAX$^{(R)}$는 분리막소재로 이용할 경우 PEBAX$^{(R)}$의 hard amide block은 우수한 기계적 특성과 선택도를, 그리고 soft ether block은 높은 투과도를 제공할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2종류의 PEBAX$^{(R)}$를 사용하여 기체 분리막을 제조하고, 종류에 따른 이산화탄소와 메탄의 투과특성 변화를 연구하였다. 또한 순수 PEBAX$^{(R)}$ 분리막의 투과특성을 향상시키기 위해 GPTMS ((3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane)를 무기전구체로 사용한 PEBAX$^{(R)}$/silica 하이브리드 분리막을 제조하여 이산화탄소와 메탄의 투과특성을 측정하였으며, 29Si-NMR, DSC, SEM 분석을 통해 무기전구체의 도입에 따른 고분자의 구조 변화를 연구하였다. 순수 PEBAX$^{(R)}$-1657과 PEBAX$^{(R)}$-2533 분리막의 투과도 측정 결과, 상대적으로 높은 ether block 비율의 PEBAX$^{(R)}$-2533 분리막의 투과도 계수가 높은 값을 가졌다. 상대적으로 높은 ether block 함량 때문에 고분자 사슬의 유연성이 보다 크기 때문으로 볼 수 있고, 이로 인한 확산선택도의 감소 효과에 의해 이상분리인자는 PEBAX$^{(R)}$-1657 분리막이 보다 높은 값을 가졌다. PEBAX$^{(R)}$/GPTMS 하이브리드 분리막의 기체투과도 측정 결과 $CO_2$와 $CH_4$ 모두 반응시간이 경과됨에 따라 $CO_2$에 비해 $CH_4$의 투과도 계수가 낮아졌으나 이상분리인자는 증가함을 보였다. GPTMS가 가수분해되어 생성된 silanol이 고분자 사슬에 침투되어 축합과정을 거치며 공유결합에 의해 사슬간 결합이 커지고 사슬의 운동성을 감소시켜 투과도 계수가 낮아진 것으로 보이며, PEO segment와 $CO_2$와의 강한 친화도에 의해 $CO_2$의 투과도계수가 상대적으로 덜 낮아진 것으로 판단된다. 순수 PEBAX$^{(R)}$-1657 순수 분리막의 결과와 비교하였을 때 이상분리인자는 4.5% 감소한 반면 $CO_2$ 투과도계수는 3.5배 증가하는 우수한 결과를 보였다.