• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.170-174
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• 2014

This paper presents the influences of ethanol addition to gasoline on bench test a spark ignition engine performances and emissions characteristics. The use of ethanol gasoline blended fuels decrease the brake power and brake torque, and increases the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Ethanol gasoline blended fuels show lower brake torque and brake power and higher BSFC than gasoline. When ethanol containing oxygen is blended with gasoline, the combustion of the engine becomes better and therefore CO emission is reduced. HC emissions decrease to some extent as ethanol added to gasoline increase, as the percentage of ethanol in the blends increased, NOx emission was decreased under various engine speeds.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

As an experiment investigation, the effects of ethanol blended gasoline fuel with different injection method on nano-sized particle emission characteristics were examined in a 0.5L spark-ignited single-cylinder engine with a compression ratio of 10. Because this engine nano-particles are currently attracting interest due to its adverse health effects and their impact on the environments. So a pure gasoline and an ethanol blended gasoline fuels, namely E85 fuel, used for this study. And, as a particle measuring instrument, a fast-response particle spectrometer (DMS 500) with heated sample line was used for continuous measurement of the particle size and number distribution in the size range of 5 to 1000nm (aerodynamic diameter). As this research results, we found that the effect of ethanol blending gasoline caused drastic decrease of nano-particle emissions when port fuel injection was used for making better air-fuel mixture than direct fuel injection. Also injection timing, specially direct fuel injection, could be a dominant factor in controlling the exhaust particle emissions.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2014

An experimental study was performed in order to compare with the case of using pure diesel the characteristics of combustion pressure and exhaust emissions when the engine speed was changed in a CRDI 4-cylinder diesel engine using biodiesel( Canola oil) blended and pure diesel fuel. As a results, the combustion pressure was decreased with increasing biodiesel blended rate when engine speed was 1,000, 1,500, 2000(rpm). but the combustion pressure of the engine speed 2,500rpm was increased with increasing biodiesel blended rate. The emission results show, that CO was decreased with increasing biodiesel blended rate and engine speed. The emission of $CO_2$, NOx, were increased with increasing biodiesel blended rate and engine speed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 1987

In this paper, an investigation of the property of blended fuel oil, combustion characteristics and engine performance was made, in case blended fuel oil(light oil+heavy oil) was used in a home-made precombustion diesel engine for small-sized fishing boat. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The specific gravity was linearly increased in accordance with the increase in heavy oil ratio in blended fuel oil, and the relationship between viscosity and temperature was coincided with the formula of Walther-ASTM, and the CCAI, the ignition quality index, was increased nearly as a straight line of the gradient 1.0. 2. The ignition delay was slightly increased below 810 of CCAI(blending ratio to be 60% of heavy oil), but remarkably increased above 810 of CCAI. Therefore, it was considered that the practicable value of CCAI, ignition quality of blended fuel oil, was more than 810. 3. The maximum combustion pressure was increased until blending ratio of heavy oil was raised up to 40%. On the contrary, it came to be decreased at that ratio, with smoke emissions remarkably increasing above 60%. Therefore, it was found in this experiment that the best practicable limit of heavy oil blending ratio was around 50% for saving fuel costs with least smoke emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.26-26
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• 1987

In this paper, an investigation of the property of blended fuel oil, combustion characteristics and engine performance was made, in case blended fuel oil(light oil+heavy oil) was used in a home-made precombustion diesel engine for small-sized fishing boat. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The specific gravity was linearly increased in accordance with the increase in heavy oil ratio in blended fuel oil, and the relationship between viscosity and temperature was coincided with the formula of Walther-ASTM, and the CCAI, the ignition quality index, was increased nearly as a straight line of the gradient 1.0. 2. The ignition delay was slightly increased below 810 of CCAI(blending ratio to be 60% of heavy oil), but remarkably increased above 810 of CCAI. Therefore, it was considered that the practicable value of CCAI, ignition quality of blended fuel oil, was more than 810. 3. The maximum combustion pressure was increased until blending ratio of heavy oil was raised up to 40%. On the contrary, it came to be decreased at that ratio, with smoke emissions remarkably increasing above 60%. Therefore, it was found in this experiment that the best practicable limit of heavy oil blending ratio was around 50% for saving fuel costs with least smoke emissions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the spray-atomization and combustion-emission characteristics of biodiesel-DME blended fuel. In this study, two types of test fuels pure biodiesel (BD100) and blended fuel (B-DME20) were used, and the spray and combustion characteristics of different fuel compositions were analyzed. DME constitutes 20% and biodiesel constitutes 80% (by mass fraction) of the blended fuel. The overall spray characteristics, spray tip penetration, and cone angle were evaluated using frozen spray images. In addition, the combustion and emission characteristics were analyzed on the basis of the evaluated data for a single-cylinder CI engine with common-rail injection system. It was revealed that the injection profiles of both the test fuels for a given injection pressure showed similar trends. However, the injection profiles of the blended fuel (B-DME20) indicated shorter ignition delay than those of biodiesel.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.134-139
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• 2008

This research investigated variations of the engine performance and the exhaust emission characteristic of a direct injection diesel engine by fueling a commercial diesel fuel, which was blended with the di-ether group (butyl-ether: BE). The smoke emission reduced to 26% from the diesel engine with the blending fuel (diesel fuel 80 vol-% + BE 20 vol-%)at the full engine load of 2500 rpm compared to it with the diesel fuel only. The power, torque and brake specific energy consumption of the diesel engine showed very slight differences. The NOx emission from the diesel engine, however, with the blended fuel was higher than with the commercial diesel fuel only. By applying EGR method, as a counter plan of the NOx reduction, this research obtained reductions of the smoke and NOx emission at the same time from the diesel engine with the BE blended diesel fuel.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2003

In order to improve the mechanical properties of the sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf) membranes previously synthesized in our laboratory, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was blended which is well known as the excellent physical and chemical properties. The resulting membranes blended with several molecular weight of PVA varying from 13,000 to 124,000 have been characterized to investigate the effect of PVA molecular weight in terms of ion conductivities, methanol permeabilities, water contents and ion exchange capacities for both heat treated and untreated membranes at 150$^{\circ}C$. The proton conductivity is decreased as the molecular weight of PVA increases. The plain SPSf-6.0 showed the proton conductivity of 0.078 S/cm whereas the blended membrane with M.W. 31,000 PVA indicated 0.04 S/cm. For methanol permeabilities, when PVA is added to SPAf-6.0, methanol crossover is increased because of the gain of the hydrophilicity from 3.4 to 6.5${\times}$10$\^$-6/ $\textrm{cm}^2$/s. For the annealed blended membranes (with M.W. 31,000 PVA), both the methanol corssover and proton conductivity showed very consistent values, about 2.3${\times}$10$\^$-6/ $\textrm{cm}^2$/s and 0.036 S/cm, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.8-17
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• 2002

In this study, it was tried to analyze not only total hydrocarbon but individual hydrocarbon components from C$_1$to C$\sub$6/ in exhaust gas using gas chromatography to seek the reason fur remarkable differences of smoke emission of diesel fuel, esterfied rice bran oil and blended fuel(esterfied rice bran oil 20vo1-% + diesel fuel 80vo1-%). Individual hydrocarbons(C$_1$ ∼C$\sub$6/) as well as total hydrocarbon of esterfied rice bran oil is reduced remarkably compared with diesel fuel. Although smoke emission of esterfied rice bran oil reduced remarkably compared with commercial diesel fuel, NOx emission of esterfied rice bran oil and blended fuel was increased slightly at high loads and speeds. And, it was tried to reduced NOx emission of them by exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) method. Simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with the combination of esterfied rice bran oil and EGR method in consequence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2011

This paper focuses on the combustion characteristics of blended coals with bituminous and sub-bituminous coals under air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions. The effects of oxygen concentration and blending ratio on the combustion characteristics were experimentally investigated using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). Characteristic temperatures including ignition, burnout temperature and activation energy were determined from TG and DTG combustion profiles. As oxygen concentration increased and the presence of sub-bituminous coal, characteristic temperatures and activation energy decreased. The ignitability, reactivity and kinetics have all been greatly improved under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. Based on this, co-firing with bituminous and sub-bituminous coals under oxy-fuel combustion conditions may be suggested as an alternative method to the fuel flexibility and cost-effective power production with carbon capture and sequestration.