• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2005

The experiment was conducted to establish the blanching culture of chicon expected to become exporting crop, for preventing Korea fiom importing the ffreign chicon and increasing the growers' profits, the days of blanching culture are based on the 5 treatments such as 10 days, 15 days ,20 days, 25 days, and 30 days. In the blanching culture days of chicory, the growth was good as blanching culture days were longer, there were too many outer leaves, and the ratio of bolting was $16\%$ on the 25 days, $30\%$ on the 30days. On the 10th day, the weight of chicon was light, the hardness was low, the density was low. The quality of chicon had no differences among the treatments. Therefore, the optimal condition for blanching culture of chicory is that the days of blanching culture is 20 days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the change of biologically functional compounds and antioxidant activities in Ecklonia cava with blanching times. As biologically functional compounds, the contents of minerals(K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn), vitamins($vitamin\;C,\;{\beta}-carotene\;and\;{\alpha}-tocopherol$) and total polyphenol were analyzed. And antioxidant activity was determined through free radicals(DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) scavenging activity and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibitory activity. As the blanching time increased, the contents of minerals, vitamin C, ${\beta}-carotene$ and total polyphenol were decreased however ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ was not affected by blanching time, and antioxidant activities were decreased with blanching time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.388-397
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• 2001

Wild edible plants are consumed as raw and/or processed. Analytical data for raw biologically functional compounds were relatively well established. The changes on functional compounds during processing are, however, not well studied. This study was carried out to investigate the change of the quality of wild edible plants, Pimpinella brachycarpa(Chamnamul) at various conditions. Samples were blanched at the salt concentration of 0%, 1% or 2% for 1, 2, and 3 minutes each. The biologically active compounds, vitamin C, ${\beta}-carotene$, chlorophyll, flavonoids, polyphenols and minerals were analyzed. The concentration of vitamin C in Chamnamul decreased as blanching time increased. Beta-carotene in Chamnamul showed high concentration when Chamnamul was treated under longer blanching time. Higher salt concentration of blanching water, however, resulted in the increased concentration of ${\beta}-carotene$ in the blanched Chamnamul. Higher salt concentration of blanching water also reduced the loss of total flavonoids and total polyphenols from the blanched Chamnamul. The change of colors in the blanching water seemed to be corresponding to those of total flavonoids and total polyphenols concentrations in the blanching water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.512-521
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• 2021

This study investigated the quality characteristics of sweet pumpkin after blanching. Sweet pumpkins were blanched in distilled water, 2% citric acid and 2% NaCl water at 100℃ for 3 min. The cooking loss of sweet pumpkin in the blanching groups was lower than that in the control group, and greenness and yellowness in the blanching groups were higher than those in the control group (p<0.001). Total polyphenol content (TPC) of sweet pumpkin increased after blanching (p<0.05), and TPC true retention (TR) was measured with the highest NB. CON and NB were significantly higher in ?-carotene content (p<0.001). Lutein content in the blanching treatment groups was lower than that in the control group, but NB was the highest between the blanching groups (p<0.001). DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity assays revealed higher antioxidant activity in the NB groups among the blanching groups (p<0.001). The CON was 2.44 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/ g in the total bacterial count, but there were no microorganisms in the blanching groups. In conclusion, blanching with the addition of 2% NaCl can inhibit the growth of microorganisms and improve TR and antioxidant activities in sweet pumpkin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.229-233
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• 1990

Changes in chemical components of green tea leaves at different cooking conditions-blanching and frying-were surveyed as a method of utilizing low graded green tea leaves which missed appropriate plucking times. There was no significant difference in protein content during cooking. But contents of chlorophyll, tannin, vitamin C and caffeine were decreased during cooking, contents of chlorophyll and caffeine showed a greater decrease in frying than blanching. Content of total amino acid of green tea leaf was 15.8% and blanching showed bigger diminution of its content in comparision with frying during cooking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.434-441
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• 2023

This study investigated quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of beetroots after blanching. Beetroots were blanched in distilled water, 2% NaCl water, and 2% citric acid water at 100℃ for 3 minutes (the blanched group). The moisture content was highest in the control (CON) at 91.30% (p<0.05), and cooking loss was lowest in the water-blanched beetroot (BW) at 5.39% (p<0.01). Chromaticity decreased after blanching compared to CON (p<0.001). Total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) decreased after blanching, and as a result of comparing the True retention (TR) of the blanching treatment group, BW had the highest with TPC TR 91.22% and TFC TR 70.51%. DPPH and ABTS+radical scavenging activities were highest in the CON, and in the blanching group BW was highest scavenging activity. The total number of microorganisms in the CON group was 2.97 log CFU/g, whereas no microorganisms were detected in the blanched groups. Therefore, this study, blanching in water without additives is the most appropriate method for preserving physiologically active substances and nutrients in beetroots and inhibiting microbial growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.444-453
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• 2014

This study investigated the antioxidative activities and quality characteristics of Aster scaber Bibimbap as a home meal replacement with blanching (BASB) or without blanching (ASB) pretreatment. BASB samples at 5.0 g showed higher moisture, crude protein, and ash contents than the control (p<0.05). Color L, a, b-values of samples significantly decreased with increased content of Aster scaber powder (p<0.05). BASB samples showed lower hardness than ASB samples. BASB samples showed higher total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity than ASB samples. BASB samples showed higher sensory values for color, savory aroma, savory flavor, and aftertaste than ASB samples. Except for glossiness, BASB samples showed higher sensory acceptance scores than ASB samples. Sensory acceptance tests of all samples showed high scores for 'usually like', representing the possibility of successful development of Bibimbap as a home meal replacement, especially that containing blanching pre-treated Aster scaber powder.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate effects of removal levels of leaves of rootstocks on growth and quality of chicon in blanching culture of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Most qualities of chicon producted by different length levels of left leaves were not significant difference among treatments in the other's excepted length of chicon was longer in 1cm and 2cm lengths than in 4cm length. Moisture in 4cm length and vitamin C contents of chicon in 1cm length were higher than in the other's. In qualities of chicon producted by different removal levels of outer leaves, flesh and dry weight were heavier in full removal. However length, diameter, hardness of chichon were not appeared significant difference. Vitamin C content was appeared effects of removal of the outer leaves. Accordingly, there was considered additional treatments such as length control and removal of outer leaves with conventional treatment in pre-treatments of rootstocks are not appeared a great effects.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 1977

Recently, culture of Undaria pinnatifida, one of the representative esculent sea weed, has been prevailing in tile east and south coasta of Korea and reached the mass culture stage. In this study, compositional quality factors for food were studied and the contributory effects of blanching and pigment fixatives in the quality retention of cultured Undaria pinnatifida are discussed. When the place and time of harvesting were the same, cultured pinnatifida showed scarce difference in the chemical composition comparing to tile naturally grown Undaria pinnatifida, but cultured Undaria pinnatifida shelved a considerable difference depending upon the cultured places. In the chemical composition of Undaria pinnatifida, the alginic acid comprising about $40\%$ of the whole solid materials seemed to be responsible for the compositional puality. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the clutured Unaria pinnatifida were considerably lower than that of the naturally grown Undaria pinnatifida and wass inferior in puality by color to the naturally grown one. Dried Undaria pinnatifida contained a considerable amount of amino-N, mannitol, and soluble minerals and it is considered that these components play a great role in the relish effects. It could also be evaluated as a good albuminous source for food science the dried pinnatifida contains about $18\%$ of crude protein. In the analysis of free amino acid composition of dried Undaria pinnatifida, the naturally growm samples showed so what higher levels in all amino acid content than the cultured samples. The contents of theronine, alanine, and glutamic acid were major in quantity wherease histidine cysteine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were minor. The contents of such amino acids like serine and proline were particularly low or undetectable. The results of amino acid analysis of the acid hydrolysates of dried Undaria pinnatifida in quantity of individual amino acid showed te same pattern as that of free amino acid. It is noticed that Undaria pinnatifida seemed to contain good quality protein since the contents of essential amino acids were considerably higher and uniform. By blanching the fresh sample, the water soluble components brought about cousiderable loss, and, particularly, it was noteworthy that both mannitol and soluble minerals apparently decreased. In the pigment analysis of the dried sample, blanching was effective to retain chlorophyll and carotenoid. The addition of pigment fixatives in blanching solution such as Ca-gluconate, Ca-carbonate, and Ca-hydroxide did not exhibit much effect on the pigment retention except that Ca-carbonate shelved some effect only in the early stage of storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2018

This study examined the changes in antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic compounds inblanched, steamed, and autoclaved burdock root (BR). The total polyphenolic and flavonoids contents of raw and cooked BR were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity of BR was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The main phenolic compounds in BR were quantified by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Both blanching and steaming treatments significantly increased the antioxidant activities of BR in all groups (5 min, 15 min, and 30 min), whereas in autoclaving treatment, the 30 min treatment only showed an increase in the antioxidant activities of BR. The 30 min blanched BR exhibited the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and possessed the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid phenolic contents. The 15 min-steamed BR showed the highest ORAC value. The main phenolic compound of the 15 min-steamed BR was CGA (chlorogenic acid). These results suggest that heat cooking methods, such as blanching and steaming, improve the antioxidant activity of BR by increasing the concentration of phenolic compounds.