• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.552-560
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• 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the quality characteristics of Tteokgalbi with 1% (w/w) black rice bran only (T1), or with black rice bran and one of the following four types of organic acid: ascorbic acid (T2), citric acid (T3), tartaric acid (T4), or maleic acid (T5) as a substitute for caramel colorant. Tteokgalbi with only black rice bran showed the highest (p<0.05) values of moisture content and water holding capacity (WHC), while there were no significant differences in protein content, fat content, ash content, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values in treatments and controls (p>0.05). All the treated samples with any one of the four organic acids showed lower pH than controls (p<0.05). The lightness and redness of Tteokgalbi treated with any one of the four organic acids and black rice bran were higher than those of T1. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values of T4 and T5 were higher than those of the other treatments (p<0.05). With regards to sensory characteristics, T1 and T2 showed overall acceptability similar to that of the controls (p>0.05). The results reported in this study show that Tteokgalbi with black rice bran and any one of the four organic acids listed above not only improved quality characteristics in cooking loss, WHC, lipid oxidation but also could successfully replace the synthetic caramel colorant. Overall, the most satisfactory results were obtained by adding black rice bran and ascorbic acid.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.495-508
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• 1996

This study had three purposes: (1) to investigate dispersion and enrichment level of potentially toxic elements; (2) to identify uranium-bearing minerals in black shales; and (3) to assess the chemical speciation of heavy metals in soils and sediments. Rock, surface soil and stream sediment samples were collected in the Chungjoo area covered with black shales in Korea. These samples were analyzed for multi-elements using INAA and ICP-AES. The maximum abundance of U in black shales is 56 ppm and radioactivity counts up to 240CPM. Molybdenum, V, Ba, Cu, and Pb are enriched in black shales and most of soils show high concentrations of U, Mo, Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn. Concentrations of potentially toxic elements decrease in the order of mountain soil > farmland soil > paddy soil. Enrichment index of soils and sediments are calculated and higher than 1.0 in the black shale area with the highest value of 6.1. In order to identify U-bearing minerals, electron probe micro analysis was applied, and uraninite and brannerite in black shale were found. Uraninite grains are closely associated with monazite or pyrite with the size of $2{\mu}m$ to $10{\mu}m$ in diameter whereas brannerite occurs as $50{\mu}m$ euhedral grains. With the results of sequential extraction scheme, residual fractions of Cu, Pb and Zn in soils are mainly derived from weathering of black shale but Cu, Pb and Zn in sediments are present as non-residual fractions. Lead is predominantly present as oxidizable phase in soils whereas Zn is in exchageable/water-acid soluble phase in sediments.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 Black Ash법을 이용하여 홍천 자철광으로부터 회수된 황산스트론튬 (SrSO₄)으로부터 탄산스트론튬 (SrCO₃)을 제조하였다. Carbothermic 반응 단계에서는 황화스트론튬 (SrS)을 제조하기 위해 1273 K의 Ar 가스 분위기의 석영반응기를 사용하여 SrSO₄를 탄소와 같이 반응시켰다. 이후 353 K에서 carbothermic 반응으로 회수된 잔사의 수침출 및 298 K에서 탄산나트륨 (Na₂CO₃)를 이용한 침출액의 탄산화 반응을 통해 SrCO₃을 제조하였다. 본 연구결과로부터 Black Ash법 활용 시 국내산 자철광 내 함유된 스트론튬 (Sr)으로 부터 고순도 탄산스트론튬 제조가 가능함을 실험적으로 증명하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2017

Background: Chong-Myung-Tang (CMT) extract is widely used in Korea as a traditional herbal tonic for increasing memory capacity in high-school students and also for numerous body ailments since centuries. The use of CMT to improve the learning capacity has been attributed to various plant constituents, especially black ginseng, in it. Therefore, in this study, we have first investigated whether black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts affected spatial learning using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Their molecular mechanism of action underlying improvement of learning and memory was examined in vitro. Methods: We used two types of black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts, designated as CM-1 and CM-2, and evaluated their efficacy in the MWM test for spatial learning behavior and their anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells. Results: Our results show that both black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts improved the learning behavior in scopolamine-induced impairment in the water maze test. Moreover, these extracts also inhibited nitric oxide production in BV2 cells, with significant suppression of expression of proinflammatory cytokines, especially inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and $interleukin-1{\beta}$. The protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ pathway factors was also diminished by black ginseng-enriched CMT extracts, indicating that it not only improves the memory impairment, but also acts a potent anti-inflammatory agent for neuroinflammatory diseases. Conclusion: Our research for the first time provides the scientific evidence that consumption of black ginseng-enriched CMT extract as a brain tonic improves memory impairment. Thus, our study results can be taken as a reference for future neurobehavioral studies.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.59-75
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• 2016

Reduced or black $TiO_{2-x}$ materials with oxygen-deficiency have been achieved by creating oxygen vacancies and/or defects at the surface using different methods. Fascinatingly, they exhibited an extended absorption in VIS and IR instead of only UV light with bandgap decrease from 3.2 (anatase) to ~1 eV. However, despite the dramatic enhancement of optical absorption in black $TiO_{2-x}$ materials, they have failed to show expected visible light-assisted water splitting efficiency. This was ascribed to the high concentration of the surface defects and/or oxygen vacancies, considered as an electron donor to enhance donor density and improve the charge transportation in black $TiO_2$ can also act as charge recombination centers, which eventually decrease photocatalytic activity. Therefore, a black ot reducd $TiO_2$ material with optimized properties would be highly desired for visible light photocatalysis. In this report, a new controlled magnesiothermic reduction has been developed to synthesize reduced black $TiO_{2-x}$ in the presence $H_2/Ar$ for photocatalytic $H_2$ production from methanol-water system. The material possesses an optimum band gap and band position, oxygen vacancies, and surface defects and shows significantly improved optical absorption in the visible and infrared region. The synergistic effects enable the reduced $TiO_{2-x}$ material to show an excellent hydrogen production ability along with long-term stability under the full solar wavelength range of light and visible light, respectively, in the methanol-water system in the presence of Pt as a co-catalyst. These values are superior to those of previously reported black $TiO_2$ materials. On the basis of all the results, it can be realized that the outstanding activity and stability of the reduced of $TiO_{2-x}$ NPs suggest that a balanced combination of different factors like $Ti^{3+}$, surface defects, oxygen vacancy, and recombination center is achieved along with optimized bandgap and band position during the preparation employing magnesiothermic reduction in the presence of $H_2$. The controlled magnesiothermic reduction in the presence of $H_2$ is one of the best alternative ways to produce active and stable $TiO_2-based$ photocatalyst for $H_2$ production.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1983

건조 두류의 시료로 선정한 대두와 동부의 cooking time을 단축시킬 수 있는 방법을 개발하기 위하여 대두와 동부를 몇가지 선정된 soaking 및 cooking 방법으로 처리하여 cooking time을 비교하고, 이런 처리가 제품의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Soaking방법중 대두를 3%SBC 용액에, 동부를 $0.5{\sim}1%SBC$ 용액에 침지한 후 $95{\sim}100^{\circ}C$의 물에서 cooking했을 때 cooking time은 각각 40 분과 10분이였다 이는 control에 비하여 80%의 cooking time 단축에 해당한다. 2. 대두의 cooking방법중 $121^{\circ}C$에서 steam cooking 하는 것이 cooking time 단축에 가장 효과적 이었고 (15분), 동부의 cooking시간은 1%SBC 용액에서 6분, $121^{\circ}C$ steam에서 5분이었다. 3. 최적 텍스쳐에 도달한 각 시료의 품질을 평가한 결과 전체적인 선호도에서 $121^{\circ}C$에서 steam cooking 한 젓이 제일 좋았고, 염용액에서 침지한 시료는 control과 대등했으며, 염용액에서 cooking 한 것은 control 보다 좋지 않았다. 4. 위 결과를 종합해 볼 때 두류를 단 시간에 cooking할 수 있는 방법으로 대두는 가압 steam cooking $(121^{\circ}C)$ 또는 3%SBC 용액에서 침지하는 것이 효과적 이었으며, 동부의 경우 $0.5{\sim}1%SBC$ 용액에 침지 또는 가압 steam cooking$(121^{\circ}C)$ 하는 것이 효과적이다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2000

Kombucha beverages were made from sweetened tea by Oriental, European and Tibetan tea fungus starters. The hot water extracts o green tea, black tea, Gugija and Omija were mixed with white and/or brown sugar, and were fermented under a static culture at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Titrable acidity, pH, color and cellulose production in kombucha beverages were evaluated. All tea fungus starters showed a higher acid production in green/black tea extracts rather than Gugija and Omija extracts. In green/black tea extracts Oriental tea fungus produced a kombucha beverage with a higher titrable acidity and lower pH than those of European and Tibetan tea fungus starters. By the static fermentation of green/black tea extract for 18 days, Oriental, Tibetan and European tea fungus starters produced cellulose pellicles of 0.43g, 0.16g, and 0.19 g (dry weight) on the top in the culture, respectively. As a mother starter, the cellulose pellicle was more efficient in acid production compared with tea fungus broth. Oriental/Tibetan mixed tea fungus showed the best acid production in the green/black tea extract supplemented with brown sugar.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 1999

In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of chemical marking of black rockfish scales by immersion in oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC, 500 ppm), alizarin red S (AR, 250 ppm) and calcein (CARL, 250 ppm) diluted rearing water. Immersion treatment of chemicals had no effects on both mortality and growth of black rockfish. Marking sucess was 100% in all treatment durations (24, 48 and 72 hours) with three chemicals and marking quality was higher in 48 and 72 hours than 24 hours treatment. Marking retention rates at 24 weeks after treatment were 100% in OTC and CAL treated group, but marking quality was higher in CAL treated group (brilliant 92%, bright 8% and dim 0%) than in OTC treated group (brilliant 4%, bright 70% and dim 26%). AR treated group had lower marking retention rates and marking quality than OTC and CAL treated group. As a results, immersion treatment with OTC and CAL was effective in marking scales of black rockfish and practical in releasing program and other studies requires same rearing environment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.577-581
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• 2004

Azo계 염색 폐수 처리에 활용되었던 활성 슬러지의 미생물 군집체로부터 diazo계 반응성 염료인 Reactive Black 5를 유일 탄소원으로 성장할 수 있는 Comamonas sp. AEBL-85를 분리ㆍ동정하고, Comamonas sp. AEBL-85를 이용한 Reactive Slacks에 대한 회분식 탈색 특성을 평가하였다. 염료탈색 반응 효율 향상을 위해 보조 탄소원 및 질소원 첨가하고, pH, 온도 등의 분해조건이 탈색율에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 3% (w/v)의 포도당, 0.5% (w/v)의 yeast extract를 첨가한 MSM에서 pH 6.0, 온도 35$^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 탈색효율이 가장 높았다. 초기농도 50 mg/l의 Reactive Black 5에 대하여 40시간의 회분식 탈색반응을 통해 약 95% 이상의 탈색율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2003

The reared fries of black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli were released in Gamak Bay and initial adaptation to the environment was evaluated. Thirty thousand fries were marked with magnetic tag, released and recaptured and its stomach content were analysed; the neighboring zooplankton, beuthic algae and other young fishes were investigated. The fries were released on July 30, 2001 in summer season. Water temperature of surface and bottom were $24^{\circ}C\;and\;21^{\circ}C,$ respectively. $Chlorophyll\;\alpha$ content was 4.5 ${\mu}g/L$ with high primary production. Salinity was $32.0-32.5\%_{\circ}.$ Water depth of releasing site was about 30 m. The sea jungle was formed at the first point of releasing and it kept the fries for about 3 days in the bay with plenty of food organisms within 5 m depth. Stomach analysis of the fries revealed that real feeding started from the 15 days after releasing and full feeding took place after the tenth day.