• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2019

Objective: To compare black rice (Oryza sativa L) extract with three different staining methods for human sperm head assessment. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 34 volunteers. Four smears of each ejaculate were prepared for staining using the rapid Papanicolaou (PAP) stain, SpermBlue, DipQuick, and black rice extract. The percentage of defective sperm heads (mean${\pm}$standard deviation) was compared. Results: Black glutinous rice extract, a natural dye, was used instead of hematoxylin to stain the nuclei of the sperm heads. The percentage of defective sperm heads showed a significant difference between black rice extract and DipQuick (p= 0.000). In contrast, black rice extract and rapid PAP showed no statistically significant difference (p= 0.974). A strong correlation (r = 0.761) was found between the findings obtained using rapid PAP and black rice extract. In contrast, a weak correlation (r = 0.248) was obtained between DipQuick and black rice extract for the percentage of defective sperm heads. Conclusion: The results showed good agreement and a strong correlation between the rapid PAP and black rice extract stains. The advantages of black rice extract as a novel substitute for hematoxylin for nuclear staining include ease of preparation, local availability, and favorable nuclear staining properties. Further studies could also focus on comparing staining techniques in clinical samples.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2010

The ink which is left by sealed more than 6 months, it clogs head nozzle of machine due to precipitation and coagulation. In addition, if you stop printing about 3~4 hours in the middle of printing work, the head nozzles of printer could be naturally clogged. To prevent of this situation, worker should implement cleaning and checking head nozzle before hands. When the nozzle is clogged in the middle of work, running a head cleaning mode can clear the clogged nozzle. Yet, large amount of waste inks which are passed clogged nozzle will be remained after cleaning. It would be very nice that ink companies take the waste ink back by green marketing, but none of them are doing it currently. The purpose of this research is that making a black water-based recycle ink by waste inks which are left of nozzle clogging or passed expiration date. This recycle ink will improved working environment and reduce cost of disposing waste inks. Furthermore, it is very environment friendly and economical. It is called a recycle ink which is water-based black ink made by waste inks.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.277-291
• /
• 1996

The structures of the egg envelope in fertilized eggs of three species of characidae, head and tail light fish (Hemigrammus ocellifer), black tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi), and buenos aires tetra (Hemigrammus caudovittatus) were studied using light and electron microscopes. The fertilized eggs in all species were colorless, transparent, spherical and non-floted type. The egg envelopes have a single micropyle resembling the pathway of sperm in the area of the animal pole. The micropyle was surrounded by protruded lines of the egg envelope in a radiated form. Egg envelopes of fertilized eggs in both head and tail light fish and buenos aires tetra consisted of three distinct layers; an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer. And that of blacktetra consisted of two layers; an outer layer and an inner layer. Also, an outer layers of both head and tail light fish and black tetra were adhesive types but, in that of buenous aires tetra was non-adhesive type. An outer surface of egg envelope in black tetra was arranged by pores regularly. In that of head and tail light fish and buenos aires tetra have a rough side. An inner layer of egg envelope in fertilized eggs consisted of lamellae alternating with interlamellae of lower electron density; an inner layer of fertilized eggs in head and tail light fish consisted of three layers, that of black tetra was four layers, and that of buenos aires tetra was five layers.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
• /
• v.5 no.9 s.47
• /
• pp.99-99
• /
• 1973

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 2007

Statistical tools for determining sex in the sexually monomorphic black-billed magpie based on morphological characters have been developed based on studies of European and North American populations. However, since no morphological method has been developed for black-billed magpies in Korea, it has been difficult to conduct field studies that require information about the sex of individuals. We present two discriminant equations for determining sex of second-year (SY) and after-second-year (ASY) magpies in north- and midwestern part of South Korea. Based on morphological measurements on 105 SY (56 females, 49 males) and 72 ASY (36 females, 36 males) individuals, we found body mass, wing chord, and head length to be the most useful features for morphological sex determination. The accuracy of our method was 86.5% for SYs and 93.1% for ASYs, which is similar to values reported previously from American and European magpies. Since the equations contain morphological traits which are only minimally susceptible to seasonal variation and measurement errors, our discriminant equations should be both useful and robust for sex determination on black-billed magpies in the northern and mid-western regions of South Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.11
• /
• pp.1769-1774
• /
• 2023

Objective: Resting comfort may influence sleep-related lying postures in cattle. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bed cleanliness on tucked (TSP) and extended (ESP) head positions in sleep-related lying postures. Methods: The study was conducted over two experimental periods. In each period, four Japanese Black fattening cattle were assigned to the cleaning treatment (CL), in which bedding material was replaced once during each experimental period. Four cattle were assigned to the control treatment (CON) with no bed cleaning. Daily duration, bout frequency, and bout length of sleep-related lying postures were measured, and bed moisture, ammonia concentration in the air, plasma cortisol, and serotonin concentration were also measured within one week before and after cleaning treatment in each period. Results: The bed moisture and ammonia concentrations decreased in CL after bed cleaning. Following bed cleaning, the duration and bout frequency of TSP in CL decreased compared to that observed in CON, whereas ESP in CL increased after bed cleaning. Total duration of sleep-related lying postures and cortisol and serotonin levels did not differ between CL and CON. Conclusion: These results suggest that cattle in sleep-related lying postures shifted from tucked head positions to extended head positions in response to improved bed cleanliness.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
• /
• v.53 no.12
• /
• pp.164-166
• /
• 2021

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2001

Three species, Gymnogobius urotaenia, G. sp. 1 and G. sp. 2, collected at Hosan-river, Hosan-ri, Samcheock-si, Gangwon-do, Korea, were examined for the study of sexual dimorphism. The three species have peculiar nuptial pigmentation during the breeding season: all females of the three species showed an intense black coloration on the ventral part of the head, the pelvic fin, the anal fin and the margin of the first dorsal fin. There was a difference between G. sp. 1 and the other two species in 1/3 from margin of first dorsal fin. Namely, G. sp. 1 showed an intense black coloration, whereas the other two species had an intense yellow coloration. All females of the three species showed the same, intensely yellow coloration in the ventral part of the body. Males of G. urotaenia and G. sp. 2 had almost the same nuptial pigmentation, however the former showed diffuse black coloration in the anal fin, whereas the latter had an intensely black anal fin. Males of G. sp. 1 differed from those of the other two species in their yellow color on the ventral part of the head, the pelvic f ins, the anal fin, in contrast to the diffuse black coloration in those parts in the other species. The genital papilla of males was triangle-shaped, but that of females was heart-shaped. Significant differences between sexes include: G. urotaenia, 7 characters (body depth, head length, snout length, upper jaw length, head depth, pectoral fin ray length, eye diameter); G. sp. 1, 11 characters (body depth, head length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle depth, snout length, upper jaw length, head width, head depth, anal fin ray length, pectoral fin ray length and caudal fin ray length); G. sp. 2, 10 characters (body depth, head length, caudal peduncle depth, snout length, upper jaw length, head width, anal fin ray length, pectoral f in ray length, caudal fin ray length and eye diameter). Of the 5 characters which showed differences in all three species (body depth, head length, snout length, upper jaw length and pectoral fin ray length), females had higher values than males only in body depth, whereas males values in all other characters. The upper jaw length was the most distinctive sexually dimorphic feature, the upper jaw extended beyond the posterior margin of the eyes (p<0.001) in males but not in females.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2004

The TIER-LII system was established and evaluated using carbon black for diesel particulate size measurement. It contains a new designed sensor head which makes it easier to be measured. Through LII signal analysis of some parameters, we can understand that there were few correlations observed in effect of temperature, shield gas flow rate, and mixture flow rate.. However, an amount of difference was observed in different size of particulates.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.174-179
• /
• 2020

Larvae and pupae of Simulium (Eusimulium) satsumense were collected and recorded from Korea for the first time. Detailed descriptions and photographs of both immatures are provided. Currently, 42 species are known from the subgenus Eusimulium, which is found globally, mainly in the Holarctic Region, but unknown from Korea. Members of the subgenus Eusimulium are morphologically homogeneous in male, female, and pupa, making them extremely difficult to distinguish from one another. S. (E.) satsumense can be distinguished from other Korean black flies by the following combination of the characteristics: Pupa: Gill of four slender filaments, dorsalmost filament strongly divergent from other filaments; cocoon slipper shaped without anterodorsal projection; Larva: Head spots distinctly positive; postgenal cleft short, apically rounded or squared; antenna with proximal segment brown; abdominal segments IX with prominent ventral tubercles; and rectal papillae of three simple lobes. In addition to descriptions for larvae and pupae of the species, a key to genera and subgenera of Simulium of Korean black flies are also provided.