• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2006

More attention has been paid to the research on decolorization of dyeing wastewater nowadays. In this study, an investigation into the decolorization of dyeing wastewater was conducted using a combination of coagulant, carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) and coagulant aid, polyscrylamide (PAM). The factors influencing the decolorization efficiency, such as pH value, coagulant and the dosages of coagulant, were discussed. The results showed that using PAM as coagulant aid could reach a high decolorization efficiency compared with using NOCC alone. The optimal conditions were pH 2.3, 480 mg/L for NOCC, and 4-8 mg/L for PAM. Under the optimum conditions, the rate of decolorization could achieve 99%, and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) could achieve 90%. In addition, the membrane processes with chitosan/rare-earth-metals could enhance the decolorization rate of Direct Black FF to 94.7%, and Indanthren Red F3B to 98.2%, respectively.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.19-29
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• 1997

A natural colorant was extracted from Clove using methanol. The dyeabilities and fastness of silk fabrics dyed with Clove extract were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The colorant extracted with methanol was higher in concentration than that with boiling water and was represented high reproducibility. 2. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 60min, respectively. 3. The color depths were observed to be decreased as follows; pre-mordant > after-mordant repeat dyeing > after-mordant > simultaneous-mordant 4. Clove extract dyed brownish black on the Fe-mordanted silk. In case of the other mordants, silk fabrics dyed yellow. 5. The dyed silks had poor light-fastness but good wet-fastness.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.473-477
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• 2004

Cotton fabric was treated with Cationon UK(tertiary ammonium salt) to improve the dyeability to black tea colorants. In order to investigate the efficacy of Cationon UK for improving dyeing properties of cotton fabric, the effect of Cationon UK treatment conditions and dyeing conditions on dye uptake of the cotton fabrics treated with Cationon UK were examined and the colorfastness to washing, perspiration, rubbing and light was also evaluated for practical uses. Cationized cotton treated with Cationon UK showed high dye uptake at lower dyeing concentration and shorter dyeing time, compared with untreated. Dyeing temperature did not affect significantly dye uptake and the maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 5. Most colorfastness was relatively good, showing 4/5∼5 rating.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2022

After manufacturing the natural dyed actual size Hanji using 11 kinds of plant natural dyeing materials and 2 kinds of animal natural dyeing materials, the color characteristics and color change and color fastness after post-mordanting were compared and discussed. The hues of 13 types of natural dyed Hanji were black, PB, and RP, each with 1 type, YP with 3 types, and Y with 7 types. Among the natural dyeing materials, Chinese ink, indigo and Lac showed high color yield and color difference, and violet-root cromwell and gardenia seeds showed low color yield. The color fastness of Hanji dyed with turpentine diluted Ottchil, Pagoda tree seeds, Chinese ink and indigo was excellent, while that of gardenia seeds and violet-root cromwell were very poor. After post-mordanting of natural dyed Hanji with Al, Cu, and Fe mordants, the hue changes were show up the Alnus firma, clove, lac and cochineal. In addition, the color difference was very diverse and was overall the most biggest due to Fe mordant. After 72 hr. of UV irradiation on post-mordanting natural dyed Hanji, hue change was observed in 3 types and color fastness was improved in 8 types by post-mordanting. The Hue and color fastness are significantly different depending on the type of natural dying materials and post-mordants. Therefore, when dyeing Hanji with natural dyes, it is necessary to dye with sufficient knowledges and informations about the desired color and fastness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.222-224
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2010

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.22-29
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• 1999

The increase in color depth of polyester fiber dyed with black disperse dyes was investigated with respect to the kinds of resins and alkali treatment. The color depth of the dyed polyester fiber increased continuously according to the concentration of resins coated onto the fabrics. The alkali treatment to polyester fiber before dyeing also enhanced the color depth. It was thought that the polyester fiber was hydrolyzed by alkali resulting micropores on the sample. And the following treatment with a resin, Jet Black T-101, to the polyester fiber increased the color depth much higher. The successive process of alkali treatment, dyeing and Jet Black T-101 treatment could give the best color depth to polyester fiber. Although the alkali treatment reduced the tensile strength of polyester fiber, the color depth of polyester fiber enhanced sufficiently within the range of practically acceptable weight loss and strength. To analyze the micropore on the polyester fiber formed by alkali treatment, nitrogen porosimeter was used. As the weight loss of polyester fiber treated with alkali increased, the BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, total pore volume, and average pore size of the sample increased.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.211-222
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the dyeing properties of the ultra-fine nylon suede non-woven fabric with Sulphur black dye regarding to the effect of dye concentrations, reducing agent contents, sodium carbonate contents, antioxidant contents, immersion temperature and exposure time in air by pad-steam process. The optimal conditions of dyeing for the ultra-fine nylon suede non-woven fabric were determined with dye concentration of 30% o.w.f., reducing agent content of $9{\sim}13g/{\ell}$, sodium carbonate content of $1{\sim}4g/{\ell}$, antioxidant content of $1{\sim}5g/{\ell}$, immersion temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, exposure time of 20 minutes in air and immersion time of 1 minute, respectively. Meanwhile, the colorfastness to washing, the colorfastness to light, and the colorfastness to perspiration for dyed ultra-fine nylon suede non-woven fabric were achieved in the range of 4-5 grades. The formaldehyde and arylamine were not detected on the ultra-fine nylon suede non-woven fabric by KC tests.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.372-379
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• 2000

Four kinds of neutral salts with different cations, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and CsCl, were added to the dye bath to accurately understand the effect of cations on the reactive dyeing of silk with C. I. Reactive Black 5. The cations of salts added lowered the negative surface potential of the silk, improving equilibrium adsorption and the accessibility of the dyestuff to the fiber greatly and speeding up the dyeing rate in the order of $Li^+>Na^+>K^+>Cs^+$. The activation energy$(E_a)$ for the dyeing was in the order of$Li^+>Na^+>K^+>Cs^+$ but the activation free energy$(\Delta{G}^*)$, or the real energy barrier for the reaction, was in the order of $Li^+>Na^+>K^+>Cs^+$ because the degree of the contribution of E$^{a}$ to the activation entropy$(\Delta{S}^*)$ was $Li^+>Na^+>K^+>Cs^+$. It was found from this result that LiCl had the strongest lowering effect on the negative surface potential of silk. The decrease in $\Delta{S}^*$ should be attributed to the loosely bonded activated complex of dyestufffs, cations and fiber molecules at transition state. It was clarified from the Bronsted equation that salts had the ionic strength effect and the specific salt effect on the reactive dyeing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.62-65
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• 2001

This thesis related to a reactive black dyes containing acetoxyethyl sulfone moiety which is characterized by lessening the loss of dyes in filtering process owing to the low solubility by introducing the aminophenyl- $\beta$ -acetoxyethyl sulfone moiety, saving the cost for waste water treatment by using a small amount of salt in salting-out process and furthermore obtaining bright color with high dyeing yield and substantivity.