• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2006

Anthropophilic Culicoides were investigated in a rural community endemic for Mansonella perstans in Ijebu North area of western Nigeria between December 2003 and October 2004. Three hundred and fifty-nine adults of Culicoides fulvithorax collected by human bait in the morning were dissected for Mansonella perstans larvae, and $1.95\%$of infection rate was found. Seasonal abundance of C. fulvithorax was investigated by monthly biting rates, and showed that higher prevalence was observed in rainy season, with peak in September. Culicoides prevalence was positively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity, but not temperature. Human perceptions on the behavior of these biting midges were determined by interviewing 854 self-selected villagers, of which $86.5\%$ of the interviewees confessed having experienced Culicoides bites. Between 76.5 and $99.1\%$ of the various age groups complained body reactions to Culicoides bites. Itching was the most frequent body reaction. No interviewees associated Culicoides with transmission of any parasitic infections. The results showed need to adequately control Culicoides in the community.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to examine correlation between temporomandibular disorder and oral habits that have been known to cause temporomandibular disorder with both male and female undergraduates. Methods: To figure out correlation between temporomandibular disorder and oral habits, a survey was conducted to 500 students of two universities located in Daegu Metropolitan City and Gyeongsangbuk-do, and excluding the ones unreliably answered or indicating errors, total 427 (85.4%) out of 500 questionnaire sheets were used for final analysis. Results: Female students showed higher prevalence rates than male students in temporomandibular joint pain and temporomandibular joint clicking, and students having the lip biting habit, tongue thrust habit, or bruxism habit indicated a higher prevalence rate of temporomandibular joint pain than normal students. Also, students having the tongue thrust habit indicated a significantly higher prevalence rate of temporomandibular joint clicking than normal students not having it. And about trismus, students having the bruxism habit showed a significantly higher prevalence rate than normal students not having it. Conclusion: The findings imply that oral habits like lip biting, tongue thrust, or bruxism are closely related with temporomandibular joint pain, tongue thrust influences temporomandibular joint clicking, and bruxism does affect trismus.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2005

위석은 비교적 흔하지 않은 질환이지만, 진단을 못할 경우 위궤양과 출혈, 장천공, 장중첩증, 장폐쇄, 복막염 등의 심각한 합병증을 동반할 수 있는 만성적 복통의 한 원인이며, 모발석 환아의 대부분은 발모벽과 식모증의 과거력이 있다. 저자들은 내원 4년 전까지 자기 머리카락을 뽑아서 먹는 습관이 있었고, 이후 간헐적 복통과 오심, 구토를 일으킨 11세 여아에서 모발석을 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.351-354
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• 2009

Diaphragmatic hernias, whether congenital or acquired (traumatic), are rarely observed in the horse. Acquired diaphragmatic hernias typically occur secondary to trauma or an increase in intraabdominal pressure due to falling, heavy exercise, or parturition. Diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy is difficult to perform in adult horses and the horses with symptomatic diaphragmatic hernias usually die. A 10- year old, 340 kg, Jeju horse (crossbred) broodmare with sudden onset of gait disorder and a moderate emaciation was examined. Findings on physical examination included conjunctivitis, dehydration, shallow breathing, dyspnea, weaken heart beat, lack of auscultatable sounds from the gastrointestinal tract, and anorexia. Rectal temperature was $38.4^{\circ}C$ and respiratory rates were moderately increased. There were slight signs of acute colic. The broodmare died one day after non-specific treatment of fluids, nutriment, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The cause of death was strangulation of the small intestine through a diaphragmatic hernia. The rent was about 2 cm in diameter and located in the central right part of diaphragm. Around 60 cm of small intestine was protruded into thoracic cavity through the rent. The cause of the hernia could not be ascertained. The broodmare had been pastured with many other horses, and the groom had not noticed any aggressive behavior among them. It was, however, speculated that trauma by stallion's attack may have been the cause of the diaphragmatic hernia, because the new horse may be the object of behaviors ranging from mild threats to seriously aggressive kicking, squealing, rearing, and biting.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the rate of occurrence of challenging behaviors in young children according to their increase in age. The study is based on the responses of teachers in child care centers(N=246). They were asked which 38 types of challenging behavior occur most among ages 2, 3, 4, or 5 in young children's classrooms. The major results of this study were as follows. First, the occurrence rates of young children's challenging behaviors were classified into 5 clusters; decreased(Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3), maintained(Cluster 4), or increased(Cluster 5) according to increases in their respective ages. Second, the behaviors such as throwing tantrums and biting, evident in Cluster 1, decreased very rapidly from a very high occurrence rate by age 3. The classroom culture maladjustment behaviors such as running aimlessly around the classroom and shouting, apparent in Cluster 2, had decreased rapidly from a high occurrence rate by age 4. The intentional classroom disruptive behaviors such as dropping objects to create noise and the peer culture maladjustment behaviors studied in Cluster 3 decreased gradually from a rate of medium occurrence by age 5. These results revealed the discontinuity which a few young children exhibit. Third, hurting others, observed in Cluster 4 maintained a low occurrence rate from age 2 until age 5. Using inappropriate language and threatening others in Cluster 5 increased gradually from a low occurrence at 2 to a high rate of occurrence at age 5. By carefully examining the change of young children's challenging behaviors on the basis of objective data in terms of the continuity/discontinuity and increased/decreased rate of diverse challenging behaviors, we will be better able help teachers and parents to plan the instruction, prevention and intervention of young children's challenging behaviors.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.564-573
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• 2022

In this study, considering the difficulties for all farms to convert farm styles to animal welfare-based housing, an experiment was performed to observe the changes in the behavior and welfare of sows when the slat floor was changed to a collective breeding ground. Twenty-eight sows used in this study were between the second and fifth parities to minimize the influence of parity. Using a flats floor cover, the flattening rates were treated as 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Data collection was the behavior of sows visually observed using a camera (e.g., standing, lying, fighting and excessive biting behaviors, and abnormal behaviors) and the animal welfare level measured through field visits. Lying behavior was found to be higher (p < 0.01) as the flattening rate increased, and sows lying on the slatted cover also increased as the flattening rate increased (p < 0.01). Fighting behavior wasincreased when the flattening rate was increased to 20%, and chewing behavior was increased (p < 0.05) as the flattening rate increased. The animal welfare level of sows, 'good feeding', it was found that all treatment groups for body condition score and water were good at 100 (p < 0.05). 'Good housing' was the maximum value (100) in each treatment group. As the percentage of floor increased, the minimum good housing was increased from 78 in 0% flattening rate to 96 in 50% flattening rate. The maximum (100) 'good health' was achieved in the 0% and 20% flattening rates, and it was 98, 98, and 99 in the 30%, 50%, and 40% flattening rate, respectively. 'Appropriate behavior' score was significantly lower than that of other paremeters, but when the flattening ratio was 0% and 20%, the maximum and minimum values were 10. At 40% and 50%, the maximum values were 39 and 49, respectively, and the minimum values were analyzed as 19 for both 40% and 50%. These results will be used as basic data about sow welfare for farmers to successfully transition to group housing and flat floors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.421-426
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• 1999

도시 가스 제조 공장에서 집단적으로 피부질환이 발생하여 1998년 8월 14일과 9월 11일 2차례에 걸쳐 한번이라도 설문조사가 가능하였던 사무직 49명, 생산직 15명, 탱크로리 운전기사 6명 및 경비 3명 총 73명을 조사 대상으로 하여 역학 조사를 시행하였다. 조사 방법은 설문 조사를 실시하고, 피부질환이 있는 근로자의 피부병변을 피부과 전문의가 관찰하였다. 집단 피부질환의 발생 원인이 개미일 것이라는 가설 하에 원인으로 생각하는 개미를 채집하여 종명을 확인하였다. 조사 대상자 73명 중에서 이번 유행과 관련된 피부질환 발생자는 12례로 피부 질환 발병률은 16.4%이었다. 연령별, 교육수준별 및 근무기간별 발병률의 차이는 없었다. 직종별 피부질환의 발병률은 생산직 근로자에서 타직종 근로자보다 유의하게 발병률이 높았다. 피부질환 발생 장소는 10례가 생산동의 조종실이었고, 9례가 개미에게 물린 것을 확인하였다. 원인으로 생각되는 개미를 채집 동정한 결과 왕침개미(Pachycondyla chinensis) 임을 확인하였다. 피부질환 환자군 12명과 비환자군 61명을 비교한 결과 1997년에 동일한 피부질환은 없었다. 가족 중 피부질환자는 환자군에서 1명이 있었으나 유행과는 무관하였고, 피부질환과 알레르기 질환의 과거력도 차이가 없었다. 피부병변은 개미 교상후 홍반이 발생하였고, 주증상으로는 가려움증이 가장 많았다. 3례에서는 전신적인 알레르기 피부병변을 관찰할 수 있었다. 피부질환은 7월 30일부터 8월 12일까지 발생하였고, 유병기간은 5일부터 30일까지이었다. 피부병변의 발생부위는 가슴과 복부가 각각 66.6%, 목과 팔은 각각 33.3%, 어깨와 등은 각각 16.7%이었고 최초 발생부위는 복부가 41.7%, 목이 25.0%, 팔은 16.7%이었다. 치료 방법은 자가 치료가 9례(75.0%), 약국 방문이 1례 (8.3%), 병원 방문이 2례(16.7%)이었다. 이상의 결과에서 이번 집단 피부질환 유행은 왕침개미의 교상에 의하여 발생하였다고 생각한다. 앞으로 본 유행을 일으킨 개미가 이 지역에서 유행하게 된 원인과 개미의 생활사에 대한 연구와 함께 환경개선 및 재발을 막기 위한 예방적 조치가 강구되어야 한다.