• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.1097-1108
• /
• 2005

The present study was to determine the influence of micro-macro biphasic calcium phosphate(MBCP) on proliferation and differentiation of human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Primary stem cells were cultured from bone marrow and 3-4 passaged cells were used. This study tested the proliferative effects by cell counting. Collagen sythensis, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein by Western blot analysis were evaluated. The cellular proliferation of ASC was not influenced by MBCP. Collagen synthesis of ASC cultured on MBCP significantly increased at 5th and 7th days(p<0.05). The ALP activity in ASC cultured on MBCP significantly increased at 5th and 7th days(p<0.05). The expression of OC and BSP incresaed in ASC cultured on MBCP. These results suggest that MBCP may stimulates the osteoblastic activity of ASC.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.567-577
• /
• 2006

Background Several bone grafting materials have been used in sinus augmentation procedures. Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate($MBCP^{TM}$) consists of the mixture of 60% HA and 40% ${\beta}-TCP$. Therefore, it can provide good scaffold for the new bone to grow owing to HA, in the other hand, it can have bioactivity for bone remodeling owing to ${\beta}-TCP$. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone formation following maxillary sinus augmentation using $MBCP^{TM}$ by means of histologic analysis. Material and Method $MBCP^{TM}$ was placed as a primary bone substitute for maxillary sinus augmentation. Three patients were selected after evalaution of their medical dental examination. $MBCP^{TM}$ only, $MBCP^{TM}$ combined with Irradicated cancellous bone and $MBCP^{TM}$ combined with autogenous bone were used for each patient. After about eight months, bone biopsies were harvested for histologic evaluation and fixtures installed. Results Eight months after surgery we observed new vital bone surrounding $MBCP^{TM}$ particle and the amount of new bone was about 30% even though there were discrepancies between specimens. This case report documents that $MBCP^{TM}$ when used as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentation whether combined other bone graft material or not, may lead to the predictable results for dental implants on posterior maxillary area with insufficient vertical height for fixture installation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.37 no.sup2
• /
• pp.397-407
• /
• 2007

골형성 유도 단백질(bone morphogenetic protein, BMP)은 성장이나, 골형성과정에서 중용한 역할을 한다고 입증되었고 그것의 운반체에 대한 연구가 이뤄져 왔다. 하지만 수직압이 존재하는 곳에서 골증대술에 적용할 수 있을 만큼 강한 공간유지능력이 있는 운반체에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않았다. Macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate block (MBCP block)은 공간유지능력이 뛰어나며 강한 수직압을 견딜수 있는 골대체물질이다. 이 연구의 목적은 MBCP block을 골형성유도 단백질(rhBMP-2)의 운반체로 사용하여 백서 두개골 결손부에 적용하였을 때, 골 형성 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 36마리의 웅성백서에서 8mm 지름을 갖는 임계크기의 두 개부 결손을 형성하였다. 20마리씩 2개의 군으로 나누어 MBCP block만 이식한 군, MBCP block을 운반체로 사용하여 농도 0.025mg/ml rhBMP-2를 이식한 군으로 나누어 술 후 2주와 8주에 치유결과를 조직학적, 조직계측학적으로 비교 관찰 하였다. 조직계측학적 관찰 결과, rhBMP-2/MBCP block 군에서 MBCP block군에서 보다 2, 8주 모두 골밀도(bone density)가 유의성있게 증가하였다 (P<0.01). 각 군에서도 8주째가 2주째보다 골밀도가 유의성있게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 총조직 형성량 (augmented area)에서는 변화가 없었다. 이 연구 결과, 백서 두개골 결손부에서 MBCP block은 rhBMP의 운반체로 사용하였을 때 신생골 형성에 유의한 효과가 있을뿐 아니라 공간유지능력이 우수해서 수직압이 존재하는 골증대술(bone augmentation)시 rhBMP의 운반체로 가능성이 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.38 no.sup2
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The carrier for the delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) should also serve as a scaffold for new bone growth. In addition, predictable bone formation in terms of the volume and shape should be guaranteed. This study evaluated the ectopic bone formation of recombinant human BMP-2(rhBMP-2) using a micro macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP: mixture of ${\beta}TCP$ and HA) block as a carrier in a rat subcutaneous assay model. Materials and Methods: Subcutaneous pockets were created on the back of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the pockets, rhBMP-2/MBCP and MBCP alone were implanted. The blocks were evaluated by histological and histometric parameters after a healing interval of 2 weeks (each 10 rats; MBCP and rhBMP-2/MBCP) or 8 weeks (each 10 rats; MBCP and rhBMP-2/MBCP). Results: The shape and volume of the block was maintained stable over the healing period. No histological bone forming activity was observed in the MBCP alone sites after 2 weeks and there was minimal new bone formation at 8 weeks. In the rhBMP-2/MBCP sites, new bone formation was evident in the macropores of the block. The new bone area at 8 weeks was greater than at 2 weeks. There was a further increase in the quantity of new bone with the more advanced stage of remodeling. Conclusions: A MBCP block could serve as a carrier system for predictable bone tissue engineering using rhBMPs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to histomorphometrically evaluate the osteoconductivity of a new biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics with fully interconnected microporous structure. Material and Methods: Osseous defects created in the rabbit calvaria were filled with four different bone graft substitutes. Experimental sites were filled with a new fully interconnected microporous biphasic calcium phosphate with(BCP-2) or without(BCP-1) internal macropore of $4400\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. MBCP(Biomatlante, France) and Bio-Oss(Geistlich Pharma, Switzerland) were used as controls in this study. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Result: In histologic evaluation, new bone formation and direct bony contact with the graft particles were observed in all four groups. At 4 weeks, BCP-1(15.5%) and BCP-2(15.5%) groups showed greater amount of newly formed mineralized bone area(NB%) compared to BO(11.4%) and MBCP(10.3%) groups. The amounts of NB% at 8 weeks were greater than those of 4 weeks in all four groups, but there was no statistically significant differences in NB% between the groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that new bone substitutes, BCP with interconnected microporous structure and with or without internal macroporous structures, have the osteoconductivity comparable to those of commercially available bone substitutes, MBCP and Bio-Oss.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 2007

Periodontal regenerative therapy and tissue engineering on defects destructed by severe periodontitis need maintaining of space, which provides the environment for cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Application of bone grafts may offer this environment in periodontal defects. This study evaluated bone graft materials, $MBCP^{(R)}$ and $Algipore^{(R)}$ , in surgically created i-wall periodontal intrabony defects of minipigs by histological analysis. Critical sized($4mm{\times}4mm$), one wall periodontal intrabony defects were surgically produced at the proximal aspect of mandibular premolars in either right and left jaw quadrants in four minipigs. The control group was treated with debridement alone, and experimental group was treated with debridement and $MBCP^{(R)}$ and $Algipore^{(R)}$ application. The healing processes were histologically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows. 1. In the control group, limited new bone formation was observed. 2. In MBCP group, more new bone formation was observed compared to other groups. 3. Histologically, dispersed mixture of new bone, biomaterial particles and connective tissue were shown and osteoblasts, osteoclasts and new vessels were present in this area. 4. Defects with Algipore showed limited new bone formation and biomaterial particles capsulated by connective tissue. 5. Histologically, lots of osteoclasts were observed around the biomaterial but relatively small numbers of osteblasts were shown. Within the limitation to this study protocol, $MBCP^{(R)}$ application in 1-wall intrabony defect enhanced new bone formation rather than $Algipore^{(R)}$ application.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2008

Purpose: In this study, the effect of micro-macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate(MBCP) incorporated with inorganic polyphosphate for bone regeneration in the calvaria of rabbit was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The procedure of guided bone regeneration was performed with titanium reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(TR-ePTFE) membrane. Four animal groups were compared : 1) TR-ePTFE membrane for negative control group, 2) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP for positive control group, 3) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP soaked in 4% inorganic polyphosphate for experimental group I, and 4) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP soaked in 8% inorganic polyphosphate for experimental group II. Results: 1. Negative control group showed the highest new bone formation at 16 weeks. 2. Positive control group showed the smallest new bone formation compared to other groups. 3. 8% inorganic polyphosphate induced more volume of bone formation, otherwise experimental group II did not show significant difference compared to negative control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that inorganic polyphosphate has a promoting effect on bone regeneration, possibly by enhancing osteoconductivity of the carrier and by increasing osteoinductivity of the defected alveolar bone tissue.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.797-808
• /
• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of microporous, spherical biphasic calcium phosphate(BCP) ceramics with a 60/40 $hydroxyapatite/{\beta}$ -tricalcium phosphate weight ratio for application as a bone graft substitute. Materials and Methods : Microporous, spherical BCP granules(MGSB) were prepared and their basic characteristics were compared with commercially available BCP(MBCP; Biomatlante, France) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral(Bio-Oss; GBistlich-Pharma, Switzerland, BBP; Oscotec. Korea), Their physicochemical properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. Cell viability and proliferation of MC3T3-El cells on different graft materials were evaluated. Results : MGSB granules showed a chemical composition and crystallinity similar with those in MBCP, they showed surface structure characteristic of three dimensionally, well-interconnected micropores. The results of MTT assay showed increases in cell viablity with increasing incubation times. At 4d of incubation, MGSB, MBCP and BBP showed similar values in optical density, but Bio-Oss exhibited significantly lower optical density compared to other bone substitutes(p <0,05). MGSB showed significantly greater cell number compared to other bone substitutes at 3, 5, and 7d of incubation(p <0,05), which were similar with those in polystyrene culture plates. Conclusion: These results indicated the suitable physicochemical properties of MGSB granules for application as an effective bone graft substitute. which provided compatible environment for osteoblast cell growth. However, further detailed studies are needed to confirm its biological effects on bone formation in vivo.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The osseointegration around titanium mini-implants installed in macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) blocks was evaluated after incubation with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in an ectopic subcutaneous rat model. Methods: Mini-implants (${\varphi}1.8{\times}12$ mm) were installed in MBCP blocks (bMBCPs, $4{\times}5{\times}15$ mm) loaded with rhBMP-2 at 0.1 mg/mL, and then implanted for 8 weeks into subcutaneous pockets of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10). A histomorphometric analysis was performed, and the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone density were evaluated. Results: Significant osteoinductive activity was induced in the rhBMP-2/bMBCP group. The percentage of BIC was $41.23{\pm}4.13%$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation), while bone density was $33.47{\pm}5.73%$. In contrast, no bone formation was observed in the bMBCP only group. Conclusions: This model represents a more standardized tool for analyzing osseointegration and bone healing along the implant surface and in bMBCPs that excludes various healing factors derived from selected animals and defect models.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.38 no.sup2
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The carrier used as delivery agent for bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) should also act as a scaffold for new bone formation. Moreover, bone formation should be predictable in terms of the volume and shape. This study examined the osteogenic effect of macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) block combined with ePTFE membrane as a carrier for recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMP-2). In addition, the additive effect of ePTFE membrane on bone formation was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Eight-millimeter critical sized calvarial defects were created surgically in 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 2 groups containing 14 animals each. The defects were treated with either rhBMP-2/MBCP block (rhBMP-2/MBCP group) or rhBMP-2/MBCP block/ePTFE membrane (rhBMP-2/MBCP/ePTFE group). A disc-shaped MBCP block (3 mm height and 8 mm diameter) was used as the carrier for the rhBMP-2 and ePTFE membrane was used to cover the rhBMP-2/MBCP block. The histologic and histometric parameters were used to evaluate the defects after 2- or 8-week healing period (7 animals/group/healing interval). Results: The level of bone formation in the defects of both groups was significantly higher at 8 weeks than that at 2 weeks (P < 0.05). The ePTFE membrane has no additional effect compared with the rhBMP-2/MBCP block only. However, at 8 weeks, rhBMP-2/MBCP/ePTFE group showed more even bone formation on the top of the MBCP block than the rhBMP-2/MBCP group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the ePTFE membrane has no additive effect on bone formation when a MBCP block is used as a carrier for rhBMP-2.