• 식품기술
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2010

식품산업에서 박테리오파아지를 첫째, 동물 보건에서 항생제 대체품으로서, 둘째, 식품에서 바이오보존제(biopreservative)로서, 셋째, 식품 체인에서 병원성 세균을 검출하기위한 도구로서 다양하게 이용하고자 최근에 널리 인지하고 있다. 박테리오파아지는 바이러스로서 세균을 감염시키고 용해하는 특성이 있으며, 식품 안전과 관련하여, 1) 포유 동물세포에 무해하여 박테리오파아지를 안전하게 이용할 가능성, 2) 발효식품에 적절한 스타터 역할을 하거나 천연 미생물균총을 그대로 보존하는 박테리오파아지의 높은 숙주 선택성이라는 2가지 특징을 지니고 있다. 최근에는 식품첨가물로서 박테리오파아지를 '먹을 수 있는 바이러스'로 인정할 수 있을지 논의되고 있다. 식품유래 병원성 세균을 제어하기 위한 파아지의 이용가능성과 생물학 분야에서 관련되는 기초연구를 하고자 할 때 생기는 제한점 등에 대해서 고찰하고자 한다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2017

Clitoria ternatea or Commonly known blue pea, is a perennial climber crop native to Asian countries. The current study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity C. ternatea extract on food borne microorganisms and its antifungal effect on Penicillium expansum. The extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against 3 Gram positive bacteria, 2 Gram negative bacteria and 1 filamentous fungus on disc diffusion assay. The extract also showed good biocidal effect on all Gram positive bacteria tested and P. expansum. However, the kill curve analysis revealed that the fungicidal activity of the extract against P. expansum conidia was depend on the concentration of the extract and the time of exposure of the conidia to the extract. The scanning electron micrograph of the extract treated P. expansum culture showed alterations in the morphology of fungal hyphae. The germination of P. expansum conidia was completely inhibited and conidial development was totally suppressed by the extract, suggesting the possible mode of action of anthocyanin. Besides, the extract also exhibited 5.0-log suppression of microbial growth relative to control in the rice model. The results indicate the potential use of the C. ternatea anthocyanin as food biopreservative.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.936-942
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• 2002

When used in combination with organic acids, Pediococcus acidilactici K10 or its bacteriocin was effective in inhibiting Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vitro and in situ. P. acidilactici K10, a strain of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), was previously isolated from kimchi in our laboratory, and the molecular weight of its bacteriocin was estimated to be around 4,500 Da by SDS-PAGE. Initially, P. acidilactici K10 and its bacteriocin could not inhibit E. coli O157:H7, when used alone. However, when they were used together with organic acids such as acetic, lactic, and succinic acids, they greatly inhibited E. coli O157:H7 in vitro. Based on these in vitro results, a real sample test with ground beef was conducted at $4^{\circ}C$ with acetic acid (0.25%) or lactic acid (0.35%) alone, and then in combination with P. acidilactici K10 (10^5 CFU/g of sample). Combined treatment of P. acidilactici K10 with lactic acid showed the most inhibitory effect: a 2.8-$log_{10}$-unit reduction of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. This result suggests that the combination of bacteriocin-producing P. acidilactici K10 and organic acids has great potential as a food biopreservative by inhibiting the growth of E. coli O157:H7.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 1991

Pediococcus acidilactici strain M produced a bacteriocin which was proteinaceous, heat stable, and exhibited antimicrobial activity against lactic acid bacteria, variety of food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was not caused by $H_2$$O_2$ and organic acid, and was remained between pHs of 4.0 to 9. Molecular weight of crude bacteriocin was approximately 2, 500. Phenotypic assignment after plasmid cruing experiment demonstrated that a 53.7 kilobase (kb) plasmid, designated as pSUC53, was responsible for the sucrose fermentation phenotype ($Suc^+$) and a 11.1 kb plasmid, designated as pBAC11, was associated with bacteriocin production phenotype ($Bac^+$). Neither of the two plasmids were linked to antibiotic resistance.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1365-1367
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• 2008

The antibacterial activity of chitosan against Escherichia coli was investigated in the presence of NaCl, sucrose, and ethanol to assess the potential use of chitosan as a biopreservative in food products containing these components. The inhibitory activity of chitosan decreased slightly upon the addition of NaCl and sucrose, respectively to culture broth containing 100 ppm of chitosan (Mw 3,000), while the addition of ethanol enhanced the inhibitory activity of chitosan on growing cells. The addition of these components to non-growing cells prior to chitosan treatment demonstrated that NaCl protected the cells from the inhibitory activity of chitosan, while sucrose had no effect. Ethanol addition to non-growing cells increased cell death by chitosan treatment. Finally, binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled chitosan to E. coli was measured in the presence of the food components. The FITC-labeled chitosan binding to cells decreased upon NaCl addition, was not affected by sucrose, and increased following treatment with ethanol.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2021

Listeria monocytogenes is a representative foodborne pathogen and causes listeriosis. Enterococcus faecium CJNU 2524 was confirmed to produce a bacteriocin with anti-listerial activity. To establish optimal culture conditions for the production of the bacteriocin from E. faecium CJNU 2524, different media (MRS and BHI broth) and temperatures (25℃, 30℃, and 37℃) were investigated. The results showed that the optimal culture conditions were MRS broth and 25℃ or 30℃ temperatures. The crude bacteriocin was stable in a broad range of pH conditions (2.0-10.0), temperatures (60℃-100℃), and organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and chloroform). The bacteriocin activity was abolished when treated with protease but not α-amylase or lipase, indicating the proteinaceous nature of the bacteriocin. Finally, the bacteriocin showed a bactericidal mode of action against L. monocytogenes. Therefore, it can be a biopreservative candidate for controlling L. monocytogenes in dairy and meat products.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 1999

김치, 젓갈 등 전통 발효식품에서 분리한 유용 박테리오신 생산균주 및 이 균주가 생산하는 박테리오신에 의한 식품에서 발생하기 쉬운 주요 부패 및 병원성 세균에 대한 항균효과를 검정하여, 무독성 천연방부제로서의 향후 식품 및 생물산업에서의 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 젓갈에서 분리한 LAB NK24는 Lactococcus lactis NK24로 잠정적으로 동정되었으며, 이 박테리오신 생산균주는 deferred method에서는 모든 대상균주에 대해서 항균활성을 보였으며, 김치에서 분리한 L. lactis BH5, L. lactis A164 균주에 비해 대체적으로 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다. 젓갈유래 박테리오신인 lacticin NK24는 75%황산암모늄침전법으로 부분정제되었으며, 부분정제된 lacticin NK24는 E. faecalis ATCC 19433 등 그람양성균 10균주, 그람음성균은 E. coli KCCM 32396, P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 및 S. paucimobilis BNJ 9664 등 3균주에 대하여 항균활성을 보였으며, 효모와 곰팡이에는 활성을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 전통 발효식품인 젓갈에서 분리한 본 박테리오신은 비교적 항균범위가 넓고 식품에서 발생하기 쉬운 주요 부패 및 병원성 세균에 대해 뚜렷한 항균효과를 보이고 있으므로 향후 무독성 천연방부제로서 활용이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.721-726
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• 2012

본 연구는 김치 내에서 균들의 생육을 조절하고 김치의 저장성과 안전성을 향상시키고자 김치로부터 항균활성이 우수한 박테리오신 생산 유산균을 동정 및 박테리오신의 특성을 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 항균활성이 뛰어난 $Lb.$ $sakei$ B16을 선발하였고 이 균주에서 생산되는 박테리오신은 pH와 열에 안정하고 일반적으로 박테리오신이 그람 양성균을 저해하는 것에 비해 본 연구에서 분리한 박테리오신은 그람 음성 유해균을 저해하여 넓은 저해 범위를 갖는 장점이 있다. 반면, trypsin, proteinase K, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin을 처리하였을 때 항균 활성이 저하되는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 분리한 박테리오신은 다양한 환경 변화에서 안정하고 체내에 섭취되었을 때 단백질 가수분해 효소에 의해 분해됨으로써 인체에 영향을 주지 않을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 sakacin P cluster 염기서열 정보를 이용하여 $Lb.$ $sakei$ B16에서 박테리오신 유전자의 존재를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 유산균이 생산하는 박테리오신을 이용하여 김치 제조 산업에서 스타터로 개발하여 김치 내에서 미생물의 생육을 조절하고 김치의 저장성과 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2019

Seeds and leaves of Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) are known to contain "raphanin," which has the potential to inhibit pathogenesis associated with foodborne pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In this study, ethanol extracts from R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) powder was evaluated for antimicrobial action against 6 different foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The current study demonstrated the potential of R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella enteritidis 110, Cronobacter sakazakii KCTC 2949, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. However, these antimicrobial action were not observed against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 51776 and Escherichia coli 23716. Hence, this study indicates that R. raphanistrum subsp. sativus (radish) could be used as a natural biopreservative with antimicrobial effects for improving food safety, and as a functional food in the commercial food industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.774-783
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• 2007

In the present study, acidocin 1B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus GP 1B, exhibited profound inhibitory activity against a variety of LAB and pathogens, including Gram-negative bacteria, and its mode of action was to destabilize the cell wall, thereby resulting in bactericidal lysis. Acidocin 1B was found to be heat stable, because it lost no activity when it was heated up to $95^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. It retained approximately 67% of the initial activity after storage for 30 days at $4^{\circ}C$, and 50% of its initial activity after 30 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$. The molecular mass of acidocin 1B was estimated to be 4,214.65 Da by mass spectrometry. Plasmid curing results indicated that a plasmid, designated as pLA1B, seemed to be responsible for both acidocin 1B production and host immunity, and that the pLA1B could be transformed into competent cells of L. acidophilus ATCC 43121 by electroporation. Our findings indicate that the acidocin 1B and its producer strain may have potential value as a biopreservative in food systems.