• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of Ulmus(root-bark) dressing with vaseline gauze dressing on burn wound(third degree) in rats. Method : Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. The rats were anesthetized with Ketamine l00mg/kg. burn wounds were made for each animal by specially designed apparatus. Ulmus dressing was applied once a day for 4 weeks in the experimental group(n=5), vaseline gauze dressing in the control group(n=5). The wounds were photographed and excised. Result : After 10 days of dressing, size of burn wounds of Ulmus dressing group decreased significantly compared to that of vaseline gauze dressing group. After 10 days of dressing, degree of inflammatory infiltration was shown lower in Ulmus dressing than in vaseline gauze group. There was no significant difference after dressing at day of 19 and 27 in degree of inflammatory infiltration.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 2018

Treatment towards wound healing, a complex and dynamic process, has been given a great deal of efforts in the last few decades. Focus has been imposed on developing wound dressings that meet the requirements for proper wound healing. In this study, hydrogel made from blends of poly (vinyl alcohol) and ${\beta}$-1,6-branched-${\beta}$-1,3-glucan (beta-glucan) were synthesized by modified solvent casting method for wound dressing application. Optimization of hydrogel composition and analysis of wound dressing parameters such as stability and fluid uptake capacity (in the presence of water, saline and different pH solutions) has been studied. The result indicated that the PVA/beta-glucan hydrogel hold its structural integrity even at alkaline pH (pH~9) and upholds fluids four times of its original weight. Thus, the developed hydrogel is expected to be a promising candidate as wound dressing.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2003

This morphological study was carried out to investigate the healing effect of open and occlusive dressing on rabbit skin wounds. The male white rabbits were given incision wound measuring 1.0cm in length and excision wound measuring $1.0{\times}0.2cm$ respectively on backs. Five rabbits among their received sterilization with beta dine twice a day and kept wound open. Another group of rabbits received sterilization and occlusive dressing with application of 1% sulfadiazine ointment and covering of gauze. The rabbits were observed at 5, 10, and 15 days after dressing with light microscope. The results were as follows. Both incision and excision wounds received open and occlusive dressing respectively revealed formation of scab and regeneration of epidermal epithelial cells at wound margin. The superficial dermis showed infiltration of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, fibroblastic proliferation, and edema. On 10 days after opera and occlusive dressing the scab had disappeared and regeneration of epidermal epithelium was completed. The capillaries and inflammatory cells were decreased in number. However, edema and fibroblastic proliferation were more pronounced. On 15 days after opera and occlusive dressing, there were keratinization of regenerated epidermal epithelium, loss of inflammatory infiltration, edema, and capillary proliferation, and increase of fibroblastic proliferation and collagen fibers. The amounts of scars were less in incision wound than of excision one. There were no differences in healing processes between both dressing methods. According to the above results, it was conceived that sterilization of wound is more important in wound healing than dressing method in trivial wounds.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Ulmus root-bark dressing in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of induced pressure ulcers in rats. Methods: 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly divided into 2 groups. The rats were anesthetized and pressure ulcers were induced at 140 mmHg for three hours, using a personally-designed pressing apparatus. Ulmus dressing was applied in the experimental group (n=27) and saline gauze dressing in the control group (n=27). Each of the dressings was changed every other day, and after a month, the wounds were examined by microscopy biweekly for 20 weeks. Results: After 4 weeks, the epidermis of the wounds was recovered, but inflammatory infiltration of the dermis was remained. After 6 weeks, inflammatory cells were diminished and the number of capillaries was decreased. Examined by immunofluorescence staining, the FGF positive cells in the experimental group changed negatively after 18 weeks, but the control group still existed even after 20 weeks. VEGF positive cells in the experimental group also changed negatively after 20 weeks, but the control group still existed. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that Ulmus dressing is effective in minimizing scar formation and inflammatory reaction by decreasing FGF and VEGF in the terminal phase of wound healing.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.249-254
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• 1997

ABA-type block copolymers composed of poly(L-leucine)(PLL) as the A component and poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) as the B component were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of L-leucine N-carboxyanhydride initiated by primary amino group located at both ends of PEG chain. A silver sulfadiazine(AgSD)-impregnated wound dressing of sponge-type was prepared by the lyophilization method. Morphological structure of this wound dressing obtained by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was composed of a dense skin layer and a macroporous inner sponge layer. Equilibrium water content(EWC) of wound dressing was above 10%. It increased with an increased of PEO content in the block copolymer due to the hydrophilicity of PEO. AgSD release from AgSD- impregnated wound dressing in PBS buffer(pH=7.4) was dependent on PEG composition in the block copolymer. Therefore, EWC and release of AgSD can be control by PEG composition. Antibacterial capacity of AgSD-impregnated wound dressing was examined in agar plate against Pseudmonas aeruginosa and Stapplococus aruous. Cytotoxicity of the wound dressing was evaluated by studing mouse skin fibroblast(L929). From the behavior of antimicrobial releasing and the investigation of the suppression of bacterial proliferation, it was supposed that the wound dressing containing antibiotics could protect the wound surfaces from bacterial invasion to suppress the bacterial proliferation effectively. In cytotoxicity observation, cellular damage was reduced by the control led released of AgSD from the LEL sponge matrix of AgSD-medicated wound dressing. In vivo test, granulous tissue formation and wound contraction or the AgSD and DHEA impregnated wound dressing were aster than any other groups.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.327-330
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• 1996

Poly(L-leucine)(PLL)/poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)/poly (L-leucine)(PLL) block copolymers were synthsized by polymerization of L-leucine N-carboxyanhydride with diamine-terminated PEO for possibility of wound dressing which may have several advantages such as 1) increase of solubility, 2) control of biodegradation, 3) absorption of body fluid. 4) non-immunogenic effect than PLL homopolymer wound dressing aleady commercialized. Water content increased with an increase of PEO content in the block copolymer due to the hydrophilicity of PEO. Release of silver sulfadiazine(AgSD) from AgSD loaded wound dressing increased with an increase of PEO content in the block copolymer. It was found that the number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decrease with an increase of PEO content due to the fast release of antibacterial agents with an increase of PEO content in the block copolymer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.598-607
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the amount of nitrogen (N) top dressing based on the normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) by ground based sensors for leaf perilla under the polyethylene house. Experimental design was the randomized complete block design for five N fertilization levels and conventional fertilization with 3 and 4 replications in Gumsan-gun and Milyang-si field, respectively. Dry weight (DW), concentration of N, and amount of N uptake by leaf perilla as well as NDVIs from sensors were measured monthly. Difference of growth characteristics among treatments in Gumsan field was wider than Milyang. SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter reading explained 43.4% of the variability in N content of leaves in Gumsan field at $150^{th}$ day after seedling (DAS) and 45.9% in Milyang at $239^{th}$ DAS. Indexes of red sensor (RNDVI) and amber sensor (ANDVI) at $172^{th}$ day after seedling (DAS) in Gumsan explained 50% and 57% of the variability in N content of leaves. RNDVI and ANDVI at $31^{th}$ DAS in Milyang explained 60% and 65% of the variability in DW of leaves. Based on the relationship between ANDVI and N application rate, ANDVI at $172^{th}$ DAS in Gumsan explained 57% of the variability in N application rate but non significant relationship in Milyang field. Average sufficiency index (SI) calculated from ratio of each measurement index per maximum index of ANDVI at $172^{th}$ DAS in Gumsan explained 73% of the variability in N application rate. Although the relationship between NDVIs and growth characteristics was various upon growing season, SI by NDVIs of ground based remote sensors at top dressing season was thought to be useful index for recommendation of N top dressing rate of leaf perilla.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.331-334
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• 1996

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2008

Purpose: When choosing dressing method to treat skin defect by second degree or higher burn, we have to consider method of rapid epithelization and minimization of pain during the treatment. In this study, we used biologic dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocytes for skin defect due to burn. We followed up the degree of epithelization, the degree of pain, and patient satisfaction. Methods: From June 2003 to June 2006, among the patients with skin defect due to burn, 31 cases with second degree burn(moderate to severe) were selected and biological dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocytes were done. 21 cases did not use cultured allogenic keratinocytes. Most of the patients had second degree burn. We applied cultured allogenic keratinocyte by Kaloderm. For wounds that were not deep enough to effect the dermis, escharectomy was done before applying Kaloderm. After the operation, moist wound site was maintained by dressing with saline gauze for 5 - 7 days. We compared the condition of the wound site before and after applying Keloderm by grading epithelization by standardized percentage scoring scale(1 - 5), and degree of pain and patient satisfaction by visual analogue scale(0 - 10). Results: When cultured allogenic keratinocytes were applied for the same period of time, the mean score of epithelization were $3.29{\pm}0.529$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.). Without the application, the mean score of epithelization were $2.86{\pm}0.655$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.). The degree of pain was $7.71{\pm}1.419$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) and $2.35{\pm}0.950$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) before and after the application, respectively. The patients' satisfaction score was $6.45{\pm}0.850$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) and $8.45{\pm}0.961$(mean ${\pm}$ S.D.) before and after the application, respectively. Conclusion: Applying biological dressing with cultured allogenic keratinocyte to skin defect due to second degree burn showed satisfactory results in the degree of the epithelization, degree of pain and patients' satisfaction.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2023

Initial burn wound care is one of the important factors in the outcome of burn treatment. In this study, we tried to develop spray-type alginate hydrogel dressing with advantages such as promoting wound healing, reducing pain, and increasing ease of use for emergency burn treatment. Spray implementation, physical properties, and cytotoxicity of the newly developed spray-type alginate hydrogel dressing were evaluated. As a result, a new functional spray-type hydrogel dressing with excellent physical properties and biocompatibility was developed along with the development of spray able containers, and it was confirmed that it could be applied as a treatment for skin regeneration in the future.