• Title/Summary/Keyword: biogenetic

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Studies on Biogenetic-type Synthesis of Natural Products (I). Synthesis and Reactions of Methyl 3-Hydroxymethylorsellinate (생합성적 방법을 이용한 천연물의 합성 (제1보). 메틸 3-히드록시메틸오르셀리네이트의 합성)

  • Lee, Eun;Suh Junghun;Hong, Won Pyo
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.30-36
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    • 1979
  • Methyl 3-hydroxymethylorsellinate was synthesized from orcinol and various acetylation methods were studied. Two of three possible diacetates were prepared by short-interval acetylation procedure.

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Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Cold-Adapted Lipase Gene from an Antarctic Deep-Sea Psychrotrophic Bacterium, Psychrobacter sp. 7195

  • Zhang, Jinwei;Lin, Shu;Zeng, Runying
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.604-610
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    • 2007
  • A psychrotrophic strain 7195 showing extracellular lipolytic activity towards tributyrin was isolated from deep-sea sediment of Prydz Bay and identified as a Psychrobacter species. By screening a genomic DNA library of Psychrobacter sp. 7195, an open reading frame of 954 bp coding for a lipase gene, lipA1, was identified, cloned, and sequenced. The deduced LipA1 consisted of 317 amino acids with a molecular mass of 35,210 kDa. It had one consensus motif, G-N-S-M-G (GXSXG), containing the putative active-site serine, which was conserved in other cold-adapted lipolytic enzymes. The recombinant LipA1 was purified by column chromatography with DEAE Sepharose CL-4B, and Sephadex G-75, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in sequence. The purified enzyme showed highest activity at $30^{\circ}C$, and was unstable at temperatures higher than $30^{\circ}C$, indicating that it was a typical cold-adapted enzyme. The optimal pH for activity was 9.0, and the enzyme was stable between pH 7.0-10.0 after 24h incubation at $4^{\circ}C$. The addition of $Ca^{2+}\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ enhanced the enzyme activity of LipA1, whereas the $Cd^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;CO^{2+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Hg^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Rb^{2+}$, and EDTA strongly inhibited the activity. The LipA1 was activated by various detergents, such as Triton X-100, Tween 80, Tween 40, Span 60, Span 40, CHAPS, and SDS, and showed better resistance towards them. Substrate specificity analysis showed that there was a preference for trimyristin and p-nitrophenyl myristate $(C_{14}\;acyl\; groups)$.

The Temperament and Character Pattern of Korean Narcolepsy Patients (한국인 기면병 환자의 기질 및 성격 유형)

  • Choi, Jong-Bae;Lee, Yu-Jin;Kim, Seog-Ju;Lyoo, In-Kyoon;Jeong, Do-Un
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2005
  • Objectives: To compare the biogenetic temperament and character patterns of subjects with narcolepsy and those of healthy control subjects. Methods: Twenty-two subjects with narcolepsy, diagnosed with the International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD) criteria, and 22 healthy control subjects were recruited. The Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory was administered to all subjects. Results: Compared to healthy control subjects, subjects with narcolepsy showed significantly higher Novelty-Seeking (ANCOVA, F=5.42, p=0.025), lower Persistence (F=8.41, p=0.006) and lower Self-Directedness scores (F=4.70, p=0.036). Conclusion: Narcoleptic patients have a distinct pattern of biogenetic temperament and character. Our findings suggest that narcoleptic patients are exploratory in response to novelty but give up easily. In addition, our findings show that narcoleptic patients consider themselves ineffective, purposeless, and fragile.

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Studies on the Constituents of Korean Valerians ( II ) -Studies on the Constituents of the Underground Portion of Valeriana fauriei var. dasycarpa $H_{ARA}$- (국산 쥐오줌풀속 식물의 성분 연구( II ) -광릉쥐오줌풀의 성분 연구-)

  • Kim, Chang-Min;Ryu, Kyung-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.95-101
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    • 1977
  • Substance A, white prismatic crystal, mp $134{\sim}135,\;C_{29}H_{50}O$, substance B, white needle crystal, mp $131{\sim}132^{\circ},\;C_{17}H_{28}O_4$ and substance C colorless oils, bp $84{\sim}85,\;C_{15}H_{24}O$ were isolated from the underground portion of Valeriana fauriei var. dasycarpa $H_{ARA}$(Valerianaceae) according to Thies method. Substance A was confirmed as known sterol, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ by chemical and spectral discussions. Substance B was estimated as hitherto unknown sesquiterpenoid, 11-acetoxylhydroxyvaleranone by chemical and spectral discussions. Substance C was proposed as hitherto unknown sesquiterpenoid 1, 4-dimethyl-7-isopropenyl 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10-hexahydroazulene-1-ol by chemical and spectral discussions, and the general biogenetic considerations.

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Microbial Transformation of a Monoterpene, Geraniol, by the Marine-derived Fungus Hypocrea sp.

  • Leutou, Alain S.;Yang, Guohua;Nenkep, Viviane N.;Siwe, Xavier N.;Feng, Zhile;Khong, Thang T.;Choi, Hong-Dae;Kang, Jung-Sook;Son, Byeng-Wha
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.19 no.10
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    • pp.1150-1152
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    • 2009
  • Geraniol (1) is the biogenetic precursor of a number of monoterpenes. We tested various marine-derived microorganisms to determine their ability to biotransform 1. Only Hypocrea sp. was capable of transforming 1 into its oxidized derivative, 1,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-(E)-oct-2-ene (2). The structure of the metabolite obtained was assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data analyses.

Linzhi Native Pig - An Investigation Report on New Genetic Resource of Livestock

  • Chang, H.;Mimachiren, Mimachiren;Li, X.Y.;Ren, Z.J.;Dongwang, Dongwang;Dejiyangzhong, Dejiyangzhong;Chang, G.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.9
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    • pp.1203-1208
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    • 2001
  • Linzhi Native Pig is a unique local breed recently discovered in the hinterland of Tibet. Its geological distribution, natural environment and ecological conditions have been explored. Using random sampling in typical colony of classification and standard animal-scientific and biogenetic techniques, we examined its contour features, size and weight, reproductive performances, carcass characters, meat quality, fresh-keeping features and the frequency distribution in the 19 structural gene loci encoding enzymes and proteins; according to folklores and Tibetan, Chinese and English history books, the materials and literature of Tibetan Studies, we have analyzed its origin and affirmed the fact that its products have been consumed as Tibetan medicine resources. Our findings make certain that Linzhi Native Pig holds great potential value in economy and culture.

Metagenomic and Proteomic Analyses of a Mangrove Microbial Community Following Green Macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera Degradation

  • Wu, Yijing;Zhao, Chao;Xiao, Zheng;Lin, Hetong;Ruan, Lingwei;Liu, Bin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.26 no.12
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    • pp.2127-2137
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    • 2016
  • A mangrove microbial community was analyzed at the gene and protein levels using metagenomic and proteomic methods with the green macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera as the substrate. Total DNA was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 PE-100 platform. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for proteomic analysis. The metagenomic data revealed that the orders Pseudomonadales, Rhizobiales, and Sphingomonadales were the most prevalent in the mangrove microbial community. By monitoring changes at the functional level, proteomic analyses detected ATP synthase and transporter proteins, which were expressed mainly by members of the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Members of the phylum Proteobacteria expressed a high number of sugar transporters and demonstrated specialized and efficient digestion of various glycans. A few glycoside hydrolases were detected in members of the phylum Firmicutes, which appeared to be the main cellulose-degrading bacteria. This is the first report of multiple "omics" analysis of E. prolifera degradation. These results support the fact that key enzymes of glycoside hydrolase family were expressed in large quantities, indicating the high metabolic activity of the community.

A Novel pH-Stable, Bifunctional Xylanase Isolated from a Deep-Sea Microorganism, Demequina sp. JK4

  • Meng, Xin;Shao, Zongze;Hong, Yuzhi;Lin, Ling;Li, Chanjuan;Liu, Ziduo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.19 no.10
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    • pp.1077-1084
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    • 2009
  • A genomic library was constructed to clone a xylanase gene (Mxyn10) from Demequina sp. JK4 isolated from a deep sea. Mxyn10 encoded a 471 residue protein with a calculated molecular mass of 49 kDa. This protein showed the highest sequence identity (70%) with the xylanase from Streptomyces lividans. Mxyn10 contains a catalytic domain that belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) belonging to family 2. The optimum pH and temperature for enzymatic activity were pH 5.5 and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively. Mxyn10 exhibited good pH stability, remaining stable after treatment with buffers ranging from pH 3.5 to 10.0. The protein was not significantly affected by a variety of chemical reagents, including some compounds that usually inhibit the activity of other related enzymes. In addition, Mxyn10 showed activity on cellulose. These properties mark Mxyn10 as a potential enzyme for industrial application and saccharification processes essential for bioethanol production.

Novel Alkali-Stable, Cellulase-Free Xylanase from Deep-Sea Kocuria sp. Mn22

  • Li, Chanjuan;Hong, Yuzhi;Shao, Zongze;Lin, Ling;Huang, Xiaoluo;Liu, Pengfu;Wu, Gaobing;Meng, Xin;Liu, Ziduo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.19 no.9
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    • pp.873-880
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    • 2009
  • A novel xylanase gene, Kxyn, was cloned from Kocuria sp. Mn22, a bacteria isolated from the deep sea of the east Pacific. Kxyn consists of 1,170 bp and encodes a protein of 390 amino acids that shows the highest identity (63%) with a xylanase from Thermohifida fusca YX. The mature protein with a molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant Kxyn displayed its maximum activity at $55^{\circ}C$ and at pH 8.5. The $K_m,\;V_{max}$, and $k_{cat}$ values of Kxyn for birchwood xylan were 5.4 mg/ml, $272{\mu}mol/min{\cdot}mg$, and 185.1/s, respectively. Kxyn hydrolyzed birchwood xylan to produce xylobiose and xylotriose as the predominant products. The activity of Kxyn was not affected by $Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Na^+,\;K^+$, ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol, DTT, or SDS, but was strongly inhibited by $Hg^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},Zn^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$. It was stable over a wide pH range, retaining more than 80% activity after overnight incubation at pH 7.5-12. Kxyn is a cellulase-free xylanase. Therefore, these properties make it a candidate for various industrial applications.