• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.265-274
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• 2012

Lignin hydrolysates contain many different chemical species, including ferulic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde and furfural. From the perspective of biofuels, these compounds are problematic and can cause downstream loss of product if not removed prior to beginning the fermentative process. In contrast, a search for these compounds within the literature turns up many papers where the same compounds have beneficial properties pertaining to human health, including as antioxidants and in cancer prevention, or are involved in bacterial cell-to-cell signaling. Consequently, this article reviews the dual nature of these and other compounds found in lignin hydrolysates, highlighting both their detrimental and beneficial activities.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Environmental pollution is produced by consumption of fossil fuel, therefore alternative fuels is interested for development of new energy resources and reduction of exhaust emissions for air pollution prevention. Biofuels are produced from new vegetable oil and animal fat, may be used as fuel without change of engine structure in diesel engine. In this paper, the test results on specific fuel consumption, combustion characteristics of neat diesel oil and biodiesel blends(10 vol.% biodiesel and 20 vol.% biodiesel) were presented using four stroke, direct injection diesel engine, especially this biodiesel was produced from biodiesel fuel at our laboratory by ourselves. This study showed that specific fuel consumption is increased slightly, on the other hand cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release and soot were decreased slightly in the case of biodiesel blends than neat diesel oil.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2014

Macroalgae has been strongly touted as an alternative biomass for biofuel production due to its higher photosynthetic efficiency, carbon fixation rate, and growth rate compared to conventional cellulosic plants. However, its unique carbohydrate composition and structure limits the utilization efficiency by conventional microorganisms, resulting in reduced growth rates and lower productivity. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that it is possible to enable microorganisms to utilize various sugars from seaweeds and to produce some energy chemicals such as methane, ethanol, etc. This paper introduces the basic information on macroalgae and the overall conversion process from harvest to production of biofuels. Especially, we will review the successful efforts on microbial engineering through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to utilize carbon sources from red and brown seaweed.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.36-38
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• 2012

Insect/worm is a source of protein food, more calcium than you think, made up of low-fat and high protein in the worms, 20% of the entire protein, nutrients, and so. because of this, the value of any insect food will rise. Is not argued that enough, livestock methane from gaseous material of the earth temperature no phi but not small role, and indeed. If a non-carbone missions from livestock are less and consequently the production of biofuels using worms because it is also expected to be available to the worms in cattle, such as no benefit is expected that you will be spotlighted.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.1 s.5
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• pp.14-20
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• 2006

본고에서는 고유가에 대한 대응 효과가 높아 주목을 받고 있는 바이오에너지 기술의 개발 현황 및 전망에 대해 기술하였다. 바이오에너지는 열 또는 전기를 생산하는 여타의 신재생에너지원과는 달리 에너지의 장기 저장이 가능한 연료의 형태로 생산 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 바이오에너지 생산에 사용되는 원료인 바이오매스에는 유기성 폐기물, 농임산 부산물과 에너지 작물 등이 있으며 이들로부터 에너지를 생산하는데 적용되는 기술도 열화학적 기술과 생물학적 전환 기술이 있다. 적용된 기술에 따라 생산된 바이오에너지는 열, 전기뿐만 아니라 수송용 대체연료 등의 형태로 활용된다. 이러한 바이오에너지기술 중 일부는 상용화 되어 실제 보급 중에 있으며 다른 기술들은 보다 미래 기술로 개발 중에 있다. 국내외에서 상용되었거나 개발 중인 주요 바이오에너지 기술의 R&D 현황 및 전망에 대해 요약하였다.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.68
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• pp.380-386
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• 2018

A sustainable method was developed for the upgrade of biomass derived vanillin (a typical model compound of lignin) into the potential liquid biofuels over a layered double hydroxide supported Pd catalyst (abbreviated as CoAl-LDH/Pd). The CoAl-LDH/Pd catalyst showed high catalytic activity towards the hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin into 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP) under mild conditions in aqueous media. High MMP yield up to 86% was produced at $120^{\circ}C$ after 4 h. Kinetic studies revealed that the rate-determining step for the hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin was the hydrogenolysis of vanillyl alcohol. More importantly, the CoAl-LDH/Pd catalyst was highly stable without the loss of activity.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.618-635
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• 2021

Environmental issues caused by our dependence on fossil fuels have caused our society to move toward new renewable sources of energy and chemicals. In this study, we develop an integrated process that co-produces butene oligomer (i.e., biofuels) and 1,3-butadiene (i.e., monomer for the production of synthetic rubber). To minimize utility consumption, we conduct heat integration. Then, we conduct a range of techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment to investigate economic and environmental feasibility of the proposed process.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.242-257
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• 2022

Microalgae is becoming a vital component for a circular economy and ultimately for sustainable development. Herein, recent developments in different outcomes of microalgae for wastewater treatment and biorefinery were reviewed. From its primary function as a third-generation resource of biofuel, the usage of microalgae has been diversified as an integral element for the CO₂ sequestration and production of economically valuable products (e.g., pharmaceuticals, animal feeds, biofertilizer, biochar, etc.). Principles and recent challenges for each microalgae application were presented to suggest a motivation for future research and the direction of development. The integration of microalgae within the concept of the circular economy was also discussed with various routes of microalgae-based biorefinery.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2022

Microalgae are attracting attention as a resource for the production of biofuels, food nutrients, biochemicals, and bioplastics. Among a wide range of sources of the biomass, microalgae have been highlighted due to relatively easy cultivation, ability to eliminate carbon dioxide, and low culturing cost. Despite the great potential of microalgal biomass as a biological material, the complexity and relatively expensive downstream processes have inhibited the commercial use of microalgae. In this study, we reviewed recent techniques for microalgal drying for the production of microalgal based products. As drying processes comprise the largest portion of microalgae processing cost, an efficient drying technique is key to the utilization of microalgal biomass.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.396-407
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• 2020

As fossil fuels are depleted worldwide, alternative resources is required to replace fossil fuels, and biofuels are in the spotlight as alternative resources. Biofuels are produced from biomass, which is a renewable resource to produce biofuels or bio-chemicals. Especially, in order to substitute fossil fuels, the research focusing the biofuel (biodiesel) production based on CO₂ and biomass achieves more attention recently. To produce biomass-based biodiesel, the development of a supply chain network is required considering the amounts of feedstocks (ex, CO₂ and water) required producing biodiesel, potential locations and capacities of bio-refineries, and transportations of biodiesel produced at biorefineries to demand cities. Although many studies of the biomass-based biodiesel supply chain network are performed, there are few types of research handled the uncertainty in CO₂ supply which influences the optimal strategies of microalgae-based biodiesel production. Because CO₂, which is used in the production of microalgae-based biodiesel as one of important resources, is captured from the off-gases emitted in power plants, the uncertainty in CO₂ supply from power plants has big impacts on the optimal configuration of the biodiesel supply chain network. Therefore, in this study, to handle those issues, we develop the two-stage stochastic model to determine the optimal strategies of the biodiesel supply chain network considering the uncertainty in CO₂ supply. The goal of the proposed model is to minimize the expected total cost of the biodiesel supply chain network considering the uncertain CO₂ supply as well as satisfy diesel demands at each city. This model conducted a case study satisfying 10% diesel demand in the Republic of Korea. The overall cost of the stochastic model (US$ 12.9/gallon·y) is slightly higher (23%) than that of the deterministic model (US$ 10.5/gallon·y). Fluctuations in CO₂ supply (stochastic model) had a significant impact on the optimal strategies of the biodiesel supply network.