• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2008

A screening study of the acute toxicity of organic arsenics such as arsenobetaine and arsenocholine, a product of arsenic methylation metabolite, and inorganic arsenic was carried out to examine hematological and serum biochemical parameters in cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis). We found soft and liquid feces, and vomiting in all treated groups with inorganic and organic arsenics. The monkeys in inorganic arsenic-treated group showed a significant increase in vomiting frequency compared with those in three organic arsenics-treated groups. These results suggest that inorganic arsenic might be more toxic than three other organic arsenics tested. The monkeys in inorganic arsenic-treated group showed a decrease in platelet and an increase in monocyte on day 4 and the monkeys in arsenocholine-treated group showed an increase in reticulocyte percentage on day 8. The monkeys in inorganic-treated group also showed decreases in AST and ALT values and the monkeys in arsenobetaine-treated group showed a decrease in AST value and an increase in T-CHO value. However, these hematological and biochemical changes were within the physiological ranges, showing that the single dose of inorganic and organic arsenics did not affect at least hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The present study of toxicity with single dose of arsenics provides valuable indicators for longer term study of toxicity of repeated doses of arsenics in primates.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

용존산소 센서 및 시스템에서 손실되는 산소량을 보정하기 위해 멸균처리 기법을 도입하였다. 멸균처리 시료의 DO 거동과 비멸균처리 시료의 DO 거동차(${\Delta}$DO)는 시스템의 영향과 무관하게 폐수 자체의 순수한 미생물만이 소모하는 산소변화량을 구하였다. 용존산소 센서로 축산폐수의 시간에 따른 DO거동(-d${\Delta}$DO/dt)을 측정하여 구한 폐수 자체의 미생물에 의한 산소소모속도는 0.00074mg $O_2/{\ell}{\cdot}sec$이었다. 축산폐수의 원액을 희석하여 다양한 BOD값을 갖도록 시료를 제조한 후 DO meter로 측정하여 구한 DO 변화량은 동일한 시료를 5일 BOD 측정방법인 Winkler Azide화 변법으로 구한 BOD값과 선형구간($30{\sim}60$분)에서 97.72%의 높은 상관 선형성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구의 multi-biosensor 시스템은 축산폐수의 BOD를 짧은 시간에 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.246-249
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• 2011

The present study was carried out on broilers to study the effect of oral administration of vitamin E and selenium (E-care Se) on growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters for a period of 42 days (6 weeks). A total of 90 oneday-old broiler chicks were divided into three equal groups: $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$. Group T1 was maintained as control and was fed only with the basal diet throughout the experimental period. Two experimental diets, $T_2$ and $T_3$, were formulated to contain an additional 100 g (150 IU vitamin E/kg+0.5 mg Se/kg) and 200 g (300 IU vitamin E/kg+1.0 mg Se/kg) of E-care Se which was the source of vitamin E and selenium. Body weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in antioxidant-treated groups compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for haematological (TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR) and biochemical (GOT and GPT) study. Body weight was increased significantly in both treated groups compared with the control group and highest body weights were recorded in group $T_2$. TEC, PCV and Hb content increased significantly (p<0.01) in the treated groups as compared to the control group, but ESR, GOT and GPT values decreased significantly (p<0.01) in both treated groups as compared to the control group. The result reveals that use of antioxidants (vitamin E and selenium) is an effective way of getting the best result in terms of body weight gain and haemato-biochemical profiles in broiler birds at high altitude.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to investigate the blood markers of Thoroughbred horses (TB) The blood red cell types and blood protein types (biochemical polymorphisms) were tested from 1,125 Thoroughbred horses by serological and electrophoretic procedures, and their phenotypes, gene frequencies, heterozygosity, polymorphic information content values and exclusion probability were estimated. The blood group and biochemical polymorphism phenotypes observed with high frequency were Aaf(91.7%), Ca(94.7%), K-(94.5%), Ua(75.9%), P-(50.6%), Qabc(82.6%), ALB-BB(67.7%), GC-FF(92.7%), AIB-KK(99.6%), ES-II(77.9%), TF-DF1(23.6%), PI-LL(23.2%), HB-B2B2(73.6%), PGD-FS(45.4%) and genotypes Dcgm/dk(16.9%), Dbcm/cgm(13.6%), Dbcm/dk(11.9%), Dcegmn/cegmn(10.0%), Dcgm/cgm(8.7%) in TB. Alleles observed with high frequency were Aaf(0.796), Ca(0.769), Ddk(0.266), Dcgm(0.261), Dbcm(0.211), K-(0.972), P-(0.710), Qabc(0.565), Q-(0.368), Ua(0.509), $HB^{B2}$(0.858), $PGD^F$(0.634), $ALB^B$(0.825), $GC^F$(0.927), $AIB^K$(0.998), $ES^I$(0.881), $TF^{F1}$(0.346), $TF^D$(0.319), $TF^{F2}$(0.184), $PI^L$(0.479), $PI^N$(0.214), $PI^U$(0.116) in TB. The heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and exclusion probability (PE) were calculated. The mean heterozygosity and PIC value were 0.3899 and 0.3375, respectively. The highest heterozygosity and PIC were estimated 0.7834 and 0.7492 in blood group D locus, respectively. The cumulated PE obtained by blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms was 0.9813.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.187-202
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The exposure to sucrose in rats has mimic abnormalities attributed to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The effects of honey bee and "free" glucose and fructose, have not been explored in this context. The aim was to expose Wistar rodents to sucrose solution (SS), honey solution (HS) and fructose/glucose solution (GFS) at 30% to assess their effects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: HS (n = 10), SS (n = 10) and GFS (n = 10) groups were formed. Solutions were ad libitum along 14-weeks. RESULTS: Between solutions consumptions, honey was significantly 42% higher (P = 0.000), while similar consumption was observed among GFS and SS. The feeding pattern of HS consumption was irregular along experiment; while the food intake pattern showed the similar trend among groups along time. Non statistical differences were obtained in any biochemical and anthropometric measure, however, a higher concentration of leptin (721 ± 507 pg/mL), lower concentration of total cholesterol (TC; 48.87 ± 2.41 mg/100 mL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL; 16.47 ± 6.55 mg/100 mL) and triglycerides (82.37 ± 32.77 mg/100 mL) was obtained in SS group. For anthropometric values, HS showed less total adipose tissue (AT; average 26 vs. 31-33 g) and adiposity index (average 6.11 vs. 7.6). Due to sugar-sweetened beverages consumption increases the risk for the development of chronic diseases; correlations between fluid intake and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. A moderate correlation was obtained in groups with the weight of total AT and solution intake; for the weight gain in GFS group and for triglycerides in HS and GFS. The highest hepatic tissue damage was observed in SS group with multiple intracytoplasmic vacuoles, atypia changes, moderate pleomorphism and hepatocellular necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the significantly higher consumption of HS, biochemical, anthropometrical and histological effects were not remarkably different in comparision to other sweeteners.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

Hepatic subcellular $\alpha$-D-mannosidases activities and its Km and Vmax values were determined in chronic ethanol intoxicated rats with extrahepatic cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation to manifest the biochemical background of alcohol drinking hazard under the hepatobiliary disease. In case of extrahepatic cholestasis, chronic ethanol intoxication in animals led to the increased activities of liver Golgi and microsomal $\alpha$-D-mannosidase as well as the Vmax values of these enzymes. However, the difference of Km values on hepatic subcellular enzymes were not found between the experimental groups. Therefore, the results indicate that the liver Golgi and microsomal $\alpha$-D-mannosidase may be more induced in chronic ethanol intoxication animals in case of cholestasis. Accordingly, the resulting data supported the fact that alcoholic drinks may led to enhancement of the hepatobiliary liver damage.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1999

The present study was undertaken to compare the variation on serum biochemical values by storage in the rats. Sera were prepared from 30 Sprague-Dawley rats of each sex. 5 aliquots from each serum were placed in a -80$^{\circ}C$ freezer with the exception of I aliquots which was analyzed immediately. The analysis was performed on the following months; 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after freezing. The parameters measured) were aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) creatinine(CRE), glucose(GLU), total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride (TG), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), total bilirubin(TBIL), calcium(Ca$\^$＋＋/), inorganic phosphorus(IP), creatine kinase (CK), phospholipid(PL), albumin-globulin ratio(A/G), sodium(Na$\^$＋/), potassium(K$\^$＋/), and chloride(Cl$\^$－/) The statistical analysis with Repeated Measures ANOVA, did not show statistical significance in the parameters of AST, ALT, BUN, TG, CK, A/G, Na$\^$＋/ of 1 month freezed sera, in those of AST, TG, CK, K$\^$＋/) of 2 month freezed sera, in those of AST, ALT, BUN, CRE, TCHO, TP, TBIL, CK, PL, Na$\^$＋/), K$\^$＋/), Ct on month fteezed sera, in those of Cl$\^$－/ of 6 month fteezed sera, and in those of ALT, TG, ALB of 12 month freezed sera in male SD rats. On the other hand, it did not show statistical significance in the parameters of AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, GLU, TCHO, TG, TBIL, CK, PL, A/G, Na$\^$＋/ of 1 month freezed sera, in those of AST, TCHO of 2 month freezed sera, in those of AST, BUN, CRE, TCHO, TP, TBIL, CK, PL of 3 month freezed sera, in those of TCHO, IP, PL of 6 month freezed sera, and in those of ALB of 12 month freezed sera in female SD rats. On the basis of the results, although there are some statistical variations in the biochemical values of the sera, it is suggested that if sera are analysed at the same time before 12 months storage in a －80 $^{\circ}C$ freezer, the storing time does not affect the biochemical evaluation of the sera in SD rats.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

Purpose The concentration of PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients is a predictor of biochemical recurrence, and the AUA (American Urological Association) is defined as biochemical recurrence when the concentration of PSA is measured at 0.2 ng/mL or more, and when the concentration is measured at 0.2 ng/mL or more at the retest. This standard is also applied our hospital. In this laboratory, the PSA reagent using IRMA (Immunoradiometric Assay) is used, and the sensitivity at a very low value was not as good as the reagent used in the department of laboratory medicine. This study aims to increase the reliability of the results by improving the precision and sensitivity of very low values. Materials and Methods As a reagent for the study, PSA reagent using IRMA was used. As a method to improve the precision and sensitivity of very low values, a variation method on the serum volume(25 uL, 50 uL, 100 uL, 200 uL) was studied, and variation usefulness evaluation was conducted. The evaluation items were compared the results of precision, analytical sensitivity, recovery rate, dilution test, high-dose hook effect test, parallel test and very low concentration values(n = 20). Results The validation results were displayed in the order of 25 uL, 50 uL, 100 uL, 200 uL. As the serum volume increased, it was confirmed that CV (Coefficient of Variation)(%) improved. Analytical sensitivity(ng/mL) was 0.038, 0.041, 0.017, 0.015 and recovery rate(%) was 101±3, 101±3, 99±2, 97±4. very low concentration values(ng/mL) between each volume(n=20) were 0.135±0.068, 0.076±0.050, 0.048±0.034, 0.046±0.034. and high dose hook effect appeared as the serum volume increased. Conclusion Through the variation usefulness evaluation, it was confirmed that as the serum volume increased, the precision and sensitivity improved at very low concentration values. However, it is necessary to pay special attention to the occurrence of high-dose hook effect as the serum volume increases. In the case of tests that requires very low concentration values, it is thought that the reliability of the result will be increased if the variation method is properly used after the variation usefulness evaluation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제11권3_4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to characterise the subacute toxic potency of i.v. administered KHPC-005 and 006. Few test compounds-related toxic effects were observed in body weight gain, clinical signs, urinalysis, hematological parameters and serum biochemical values. Gross necropsy and histopathology revealed no evidance specific toxicity. Our data indicated that no-observed effect level of KI-IPC-005 and 006 were estimated to be 10mg/kg and 4mg/kg in male rats, and 10mg/kg and 1.33mg/kg in female rats, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.392-409
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• 1988

A nutrition survey of elementary school children in urban areas was undertaken in December of 1986, to investigate nutritional status in relation to school lunch programs. A total of 284 children in the grades from the 4th to the 6th of Myongsudai elementary school, consisting of three groups ; 1) children taking school lunch every day, 2) children taking school lunch intermittently, 3) children not taking at all, were studied. The group of children taking school lunch every day showed higher values of dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and biochemical findings, compared to those of the other groups, in general. These data underscore the necessity of nation wide school lunch programs for whole school children of Korea.