• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.515-532
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• 2018

Light is an essential and powerful element to animals. A light-emitting diode (LED) is most efficient in terms of economic benefits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LED lighting time on milk production, milk composition, and the immune response of Holstein cows. Forty lactating cows were assigned to four experimental groups: control; natural daylight, treatment; am3-6, pm6-12 and pm6-am6. We found that there was no significant effect on the decrease ratio in milk production among the groups. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was significantly decreased in pm6-am6 and pm6-12 than the control. With regard to the hemolytic biochemical analysis, GLU was significantly increased and CRE, T-BIL were significantly decreased in the pm6-12 than the control. IGF-1 levels were significantly increased in pm6-12 compared to other groups. Besides, cortisol was significantly lowered in the pm6-12 than the control, while prolactin, IgA and IgG were not significant among the groups. In addition, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were also significantly increased in pm6-12 than the control. However, antioxidant enzyme activity and superoxide dismutase were not significant among the experimental groups. Therefore, it was concluded that LED lighting time had some impact on blood parameters and immune responses in dairy cows without any changes in milk production.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-94
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• 2009

An unreported disease of garlic was observed in commercial fields in Jiangsu province, China. The symptoms started as water soaked lesions at the base of the leaves. Later, water-soaked areas developed on stems and spread to the internal tissues, followed by yellowing and necrosis along leaf edges and soft rot of the stems. The causal organism isolated from symptomatic plants was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens based on its biochemical and physiological characteristics and confirmed by the cellular fatty acid composition and Biolog data as well as 168 rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates caused similar symptoms when inoculated onto garlic plants. In addition, leek and shallot were susceptible to the P. fluorescens pathogen. However, the P. fluorescens pathogen failed to cause any symptoms when it was inoculated onto 15 other plants. This is the first report of a bacterial disease of garlic caused by P. fluorescens in China.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 1994

Microorganism producing glutaryl 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid (GL-7-ADCA) acylase was screened from soil. The microorganism was identified as Alcaligenes sp. J-421 by its morphology and biochemical properties. Cultural conditions of Alcaligenes sp. J-421 were investigated for the production of GL-7-ADCA acylase. Optimum medium composition was 1% glucose, 1% beef extract, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.2% monosodium L-glutamate, 0.1% glutaric acid, 0.2% NaCl, 0.5% $K_2$ $HPO_4$, and 0.05% $CuSO _4{\cdot}5H_2O$. Optimum cultivation conditions for the production of the enzyme in 5 l jar fermentor were $37^{\circ}C$, tip speed 300 rpm, aeration 1 vvm. Optimum reaction pH of the enzyme was 8.0 and the enzyme was stable at pH7.0-11.0.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2001

This study was carried out to get the basic information for the submerged culture and analyze the biochemical components of Naematoloma sublateritium mycelia. The optimal temperature, pH, agitation speed and cultural time for the mycelial growth of Naematoloma sublateritium were $25^{\circ}C$, 5.5, 150rpm and 20 days, respectively. The proximate composition of mycelia was as follows; carbohydrate 55.8% (total sugar 48.7%), crude protein 22.4%, fat 4.1 % and ash 4.7% respectively. Among the free amino acid contents, phenylalanine, alanine and lysine were predominant component. The linoleic acid and palmitic acid were found to be the highest among the free fatty acids. The biopolymer extracts of mycelia was identified to be protein-bounded polysaccharide by color reaction and sepharose CL-4B gel chromatography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1985

For the purpose of investigating the influence of pollen load un alcohol metabolism in rat, we analyzed quantitatively amino acids of pollen load, and investigated the changes of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) activity and hepatocyte morphology in rat administrated various concentrations of alcohol and various amounts of pollen load. 18 species of amino acids including phenylalanine in the sunflower pollen load were quantitatively analyzed, and it was found that the amount of phenylalanine, leucine, threonine, lysine are especially higher than that of the other amino acids. The liver ADH activity of experimental animals decreased with the proportion of ethanol concentration much more in ethanol administrated group than in control group, while increased in pollen load mixed with ethanol administrated group, but didn't increased as much as that in control group. In any case the less the degree of ethanol concentration was administrated, the higher the liver ADH activity increased. There was fat infiltration in the hepatocyte of ethanol administrated animals, and remarkably little fat infiltration in that of animals administrated pollen load mixed with ethanol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1271-1271
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• 2001

Water pollutants in drainage mainly consist of organic compounds. Hence, total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were generally used as the indices of pollution. However, these values are determined by special analyzer (TOC), titration method (COD), or microbe culture (BOD). Therefore, the development of simple and easy methods for the determination of water pollution is required. The authors reported the evaluation of water pollution by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in a model system with food components (Takamura et al. (200) Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Proceedings of 9th International Conference, pp. 503-507). In this study, the relationship between NIR spectra and drainage was investigated in order to develop a method for evaluation of drainage by NIR. Drainage was obtained in Nara Purification Center. The ranges of TOC, COD, and BOD were 0-130, 0-100 and 0-200, respectively. NIR transmittance spectra were recorded on NIR Systems Model 6250 Research Composition Analyzer in the wavelength range of 680-1235 and 1100-2500 nm with a quartz cell (light path: 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 10mm) at 10-40. Statistical analysis was performed using NSAS program. A partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis was used for calibration. As the result, a good correlation between the raw NIR spectra and OC was obtained in the calibration. The best light path was 10 and 0.5mm in the wavelength range of 680-1235 and 110-2500nm, respectively. In the calibration, correlation coefficients(R) were 096-0.97 in the both range. In the prediction, however, a good correlation (R=0.89-0.96) was obtained only in the range of 6801235 nm, Similar results were obtained in the cases of COD and BOD. These results suggest the possibility that NIR spectroscopy can be used to evaluate drainage.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1992

The xylanase producing microorganisms occurring on rotten woods were selectively isolated on the modified Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with 0.5% xylan as a sole carbon source. Among more than three-hundred isolates of xylanase producing microorganisms, only two bacterial isolates were turned out to be more potent xylanase producer than the reference strain of xylanase producer, Aureobaszdium pullulans NRRL Y-2311. The exo-xylanase producer, bacterial isolate No. 33 was identified as a strain of Pseudomonas sp. on the basis of morphological and biochemical characterizations as well as cellular fatty acid composition. Optima of pH and of temperature for enzyme reactions of xylanase were 5.5 and $50^{\circ}C$ respectively. The enzyme was stable in a range of pH 5.0~7.0 and below $45^{\circ}C$. Among the number of carbohydrate substrates, xylose was turned out to be a potent inducer of Pseudomonas sp. No.33 exo-xylanase. Among the raw materials tested, rice straw was the best material for xylanase production by Pseudomonas sp. strain No. 33.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.759-770
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of weight control by use of commercial formula diet and nutrition education on 36 obese women over a period of 6 months. During the study it motivated ways for women to control their weight and improve their health, thus analyzing variables that influence weight control. To help weight control, for the first 3 weeks, along with 1 regular mea, 2-3 liquid formula diets of 135㎉ per pack a day were provided within the 1,200-800㎉ range. For 6 months since then, all 3 meals were taken regularly and it was recommended that energy which is 500㎉ less than energy requirement be taken. To evaluate the effect of weight change by the weight control program, anthropometric measurements, biochemicl parameter, and food behavior are measured. The mean body mass index(BMI) was 30.1$\pm$3.8(25.0-43.6) and it was in the upper 5 percentile of the mean BMI of Korean women. The percent of body fat was significantly reduced from 29.1$\pm$2.4 to 26.4$\pm$2.3, showing that the weight control program induced not only a change in weight but also a change in body composition. The body circumference such as waist and hip circumference and skinfold thickness measurements of biceps, triceps, subscapular and surprailiac were reduced significantly, but the mean waist-to-hip ratio didn't change. Singnificantly improved food behavior score measured by the questionnaire indicated that the weight-contorl program induced the change of the food behavior, as well. Weight loss also induced biochemical parameters of the subject, thus total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, and triglycerol which were in the high range of the normal values were reduced to 20.2%(p<0.01), 22.2%(p<0.01), 25.8%(p<0.01), repectively. HDL-cholesterol didn't change significantly, but the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol increased(p<0.01).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary fat intake, anthropometric data, blood lipids, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin in Korean male college students. Forty-eight subjects were divided into 2 groups based on dietary fat intake: UERF (under 30% of energy ratio for fat source), AERF (above 30% of energy ratio for fat souce). We collected dietary intake data using 24-hour dietary recall for 3 days. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured by using standard methods. Segmental body composition analysis was carried out using an 8-electrode multifrequency bioelectrical impedance method of body fat estimation. There was no significant difference in anthropometric data and serum lipid profile between UERF and AERF group. Serum C-reactive protein level was significantly higher in the AERF group compared to the UERF group. Although there was no significant difference in serum adiponectin level between UERF and AERF groups, subjects had lower adiponectin levels. Correlation data show that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with vegetable intake (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary fat intake had a positive correlation with meat (p < 0.01), whereas a negative correlation with grain (p < 0.01), vegetables (p < 0.05), and fish (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the increased fat intake of non-obese Korean male college students is associated with their increased serum C-reactive protein concentration. Therefore, proper guidelines on fat intake and nutrition education are necessary for the prevention and management of metabolic syndromes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.429-432
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• 2009

An unreported disease of apricot was observed in orchards in Zhejiang province, China. Symptoms started as water soaked lesions on the fruit surface. Later, water-soaked areas developed and spread to the entire fruit, resulting in soft rot of the whole fruit. The causal organism isolated from symptomatic fruits was identified as Burkholderia cepacia based on its biochemical and physiological characteristics and confirmed by the cellular fatty acid composition and Biolog data as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates caused similar symptoms when inoculated onto fruits of apricot. In addition, European plum, Japanese plum, nectarine and kiwifruit were susceptible to the B. cepacia pathogen. However, the B. cepacia pathogen failed to cause any visible symptoms when it was inoculated onto 16 other fruits. This is the first report of a bacterial disease of apricot caused by B. cepacia in China.